Publication Cover
The Journal of Genetic Psychology
Research and Theory on Human Development
Volume 165, 2004 - Issue 4
159
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Electrocortical Measures During a Lexical Decision Task: A Comparison Between Elementary School-Aged Normal and Dyslexic Readers and Adult Normal and Dyslexic Readers

&
Pages 399-424 | Published online: 07 Aug 2010

References

  • Hynd, G. W., & Semrud-Clikeman, M. (1989). Dyslexia and brain morphology. Psychological Bulletin, 106(3), 447-482.
  • Ackerman, P. T., Dykman, R. A., & Oglesby, D. M. (1994). Visual event-related potentials of dyslexic children to rhyming and nonrhyming stimuli. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 16(1), 138-154.
  • Adams, M. J. (1990). Beginning to read: Thinking and learning about print. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Balgor, A. (1980). The frequency of words in Hebrew. Tel Aviv, Israel: Hapoalem Library.
  • Barker, T. A., Torgesen, J. K., & Wagner, R. K. (1992). The role of orthographic processing skills on five different reading tasks. Reading Research Quarterly, 27, 334-335.
  • Barron, R. W. (1991). Proto-literacy, literacy, and the acquisition of phonological awareness. Learning and Individual Differences, 31, 243-255.
  • Ben Dror, I., Polatsek, A., & Scarpati, S. (1991). Word identification in isolation and in context by college students. Brain and Language, 31, 308-327.
  • Bentin, S. (1989). Electrophysiological studies of visual word perception, lexical organization, and semantic processing: A tutorial review. Language and Speech, 32, 205-220.
  • Best, C. T. (1985). Hemispheric function and collaboration in the child. New York: Academic Press.
  • Bjaalid, I. K., Hoien, T., & Lundberg, I. (1995). A comparison of components in word recognition between dyslexic and normal readers. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 39, 51-59.
  • Bowers, P. G. (1993). Text reading and re-reading: Determinants of fluency beyond word recognition. Journal of Reading Behavior, 25(2), 133-153.
  • Bowers, P. G. (1994). Tracing symbol naming speed's unique contribution to reading disabilities over time. Reading and Writing, 7, 189-216.
  • Brandeis, D. L., Vitacco, D., & Steinhausen, H. C. (1994). Mapping brain electric microstates in dyslexic children during reading. Acta Paedopsychiatrica, 56, 239-247.
  • Breznitz, Z. (1997). Enhancing the reading of dyslexics by reading acceleration and auditory masking. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89(1), 236-246.
  • Breznitz, Z. (2001). The determinants of reading fluency: A comparison of dyslexic and average readers. In M. Wolf (Ed.), Dyslexia, Fluency, and the Brain (pp. 245-276). Cambridge, MA: York.
  • Breznitz, Z. (2003). Speed of phonological and orthographic processing as factors in dyslexia: Electrophysiological evidence. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 129, 183-206.
  • Breznitz, Z., & Gilor, O. (2004). Pattern processing and reading among dyslexic and normal 4th grade children. Manuscript submitted for publication.
  • Breznitz, Z., & Meyler, A. (2003). Speed of lower-level auditory and visual processing as a basic factor in dyslexia: Electrophysiological evidence. Brain & Language, 85, 166-184.
  • British Psychological Society. (1999). Dyslexia literacy and psychological assessment: Report by a working party of the division of educational and child psychology. Leicester, England: Author.
  • Bruck, M. (1998). Outcomes of adults with childhood histories of dyslexia. In C. Hulme & J. R. Malatesha (Eds.), Reading and spelling: Development and disorders (pp. 179-200). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Bruck, M. (1992). Persistence of dyslexics' phonological awareness deficits. Developmental Psychology, 28, 874-886.
  • Bruck, M. (1990). Word-recognition skills of adults with childhood diagnoses of dyslexia. Developmental Psychology, 26, 439-454.
  • Brunswick, N., McCrory, E., Price, C. J., Frith, C. D., & Frith, U. (1999). Explicit and implicit processing of words and pseudowords by adult developmental dyslexics. Brain, 122(10), 1901-1917.
  • Cardon, L. R., Smith, S. D., Fulker, D. W., Kimberling, W. J., Pennington, B. F., & DeFries, J. C. (1994). Quantitative trait locus for reading disability on chromosome 6. Science, 226, 276-279.
  • Jasper, H. H. (1958). The ten-twenty electrode system of the International Federation. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 10, 371-375.
  • Cunningham, A. E., & Stanovich, K. E. (1990). Assessing print exposure and orthographic processing skill in children: A quick measure of reading experience. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 733-740.
  • Dejerine, J. J. (1892). Contribution à l'étude anatomo-pathologique et clinique des différentes variétés de cécité verbale [The contribution of different varieties of word blindness to the clinical and anatomical pathological research]. Comptes Rendus et Mémoires de la Société de Biologie, 61-90.
  • Donchin, E., & Israel, J. B. (1980). Event-related brain potential and psychological theory. In H. H. Kornhuber & L. Deecke (Eds.), Motivation, motor and sensory processes of the brain: Electrical potentials, behavior and clinical use (pp. 697-715). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Duncan, C. C., Rumsey, J. M., Wilkniss, S. M., Denckla, M. B., Hamburger, S. D., & Odou-Potkin, M. (1994). Developmental dyslexia and attention dysfunction in adults: Brain potential indices of information processing. Psychophysiology, 31, 386-401.
  • Dunn, B. R., Dunn, D. A., Languis, M., & Andrews, D. (1998). The relation of ERP components to complex memory processing. Brain and Cognition, 36, 355-376.
  • Elbro, C. (1998). When reading is "readn" or "somthn." Distinctness of phonological representations of lexical items in normal and disabled readers. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 39(3), 149-153.
  • Elbro, C., Nielsen, I., & Peterson, D. K. (1994). Dyslexia in adults: Evidence for deficits in non-word reading and in the phonological representation of lexical items. Annals of Dyslexia, 44, 205-226.
  • Erez, A., & Pratt, H. (1992). Auditory event-related potentials among dyslexic and normal-reading children: 3 CLT and midline comparisons. International Journal of Neuroscience, 63, 247-264.
  • Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. F. (1989). Exposure to print and orthographic processing. Reading Research Quarterly, 24, 402-433.
  • Fawcett, A. J., Chattopadhyay, A. K., Kandler, R. H., Jarrat, J. A., Nicolson, R. I., & Proctor, M. (1993). Event-related potentials and dyslexia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 682, 342-345.
  • Fitzgerald, P. G., & Picton T. W. (1983). Event-related potentials recorded during the discrimination of improbable stimuli. Biological Psychology, 17, 241-276.
  • Flowers, D. L. (1993). Brain basis for dyslexia: A summary of work in progress. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 26(9), 575-582.
  • Galaburda, A. M. (1993). Dyslexia and development: Neurobiological aspects of extraordinary brains. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Gallagher, A. M., Laxon, V., Armstrong, E., & Frith, U. (1996). Phonological difficulties in high-functioning dyslexics. Reading and Writing, 8, 499-509.
  • Gladstone, M., Best, C. T., & Davidson, R. J. (1989). Anomalous bimanual coordination among dyslexic boys. Developmental Psychology, 25, 236-246.
  • Hackley, S. A., Woldorff, M., & Hillyard, S. A. (1990). Cross-modal selective attention effects on retinal, myogenic, brainstem, and cerebral evoked potentials. Psychophysiology, 27, 195-228.
  • Stein, J. & Monaco, T. (1998). Genetic link ends dyslexia cover-up. Cited in Times Educational Supplement, 27 February 1998.
  • Bowers, P. G., Golden, J., Kennedy, A., & Young, A. (1994). Limits upon orthographic knowledge due to processing indexed by naming speed. In V. W. Berninger (Ed.), The varieties of orthographic knowledge. I. Theoretical and developmental issues (pp. 173-218). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.
  • Bowers, P. G., & Wolf, M. (1993). Theoretical links among naming speed, precise timing mechanisms and orthographic skill in dyslexia. Reading and Writing, 5, 69-85.
  • Ehri, L. C. (1991). Development of the ability to read words. In R. Barr, M. L. Kamil, P. Mosenthal, & P. D. Pearson (Eds.), Handbook of reading research (Vol. 2, pp. 385-419). New York: Longman.
  • Ehri, L. C., & Wilce, L. S. (1983). Development of word identification speed in skilled and less skilled beginning reading. Journal of Educational Psychology, 75, 3-18.
  • Harter, M. R., Deiring, S., & Wood, F. B. (1988). Separate brain potential characteristics in children with reading disability and attention deficit disorder: Relevance-independent effects. Brain and Cognition, 7, 54-86.
  • Holcomb, P. J., Ackerman, P. T., & Dykman, R. A. (1985). Cognitive event-related brain potentials in children with attention and reading deficits. Psychophysiology, 22, 656-667.
  • Holcomb, P. J., Ackerman, P. T., & Dykman, R. A. (1986). Auditory event-related potentials in attention and reading disabled boys. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 3, 263-273.
  • Hugdahl, K. (1993). Functional brain asymmetry, dyslexia and immune disorders. In A. M. Galaburda (Ed.), Dyslexia and development: Neurobiological aspects of extraordinary brains. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Hynd, G. W., Connor, R. T., & Nieves, N. (1988). Learning disability subtypes: Perspectives and methodological issues in clinical assessment. In M. G. Tramontana & S. R. Hooper (Eds.), Assessment issues in child neuropsychology (pp. 281-312). New York: Plenum.
  • Johannes, S., Mangun, G. R., & Muente, T. F. (1994). Developmental dyslexia and cerebral lateralization: Electrophysiological findings. Nervenarzt, 65(12), 859-864.
  • Kail, R. (1991). Developmental changes in speed of processing during childhood and adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 490-501.
  • Kershner, J. R., & Micallef, J. (1992). Consonant-vowel lateralization in dyslexic children: Deficit or compensatory development? Brain and Language, 43, 66-82.
  • Lovrich, D., & Stamm, D. S. (1983). Event-related potentials and behavioral correlates of attention in reading retardation. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 5, 13-37.
  • Luck, S. J., & Hillyard, S. A. (1994). Electrophysiological correlates of feature analysis during visual search. Psychophysiology, 31, 291-308.
  • Manis, F. R. (1985). Acquisition of word identification skills in normal and disabled readers. Journal of Educational Psychology, 77, 78-90.
  • Manis, F. R., Custodio, R., & Szeszulski, P. A. (1993). Development of phonological and orthographic skill: A 2-year longitudinal study of dyslexic children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 56, 64-86.
  • Manis, F. R., Szeszulski, P. A., Holt, L. K., & Graves, K. (1988). A developmental perspective on dyslexic subtypes. Annals of Dyslexia, 38, 139-153.
  • McPherson, W. B., Ackerman, P. T., Oglesby, D. M., & Dykman, R. A. (1996). Event-related brain potentials elicited by rhyming and non-rhyming pictures differentiate subgroups of reading disabled adolescents. Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science, 31, 3-17.
  • Miles, J., & Stelmack, R. M. (1994). Learning disability subtypes and the effects of auditory and visual priming on visual event-related potentials to words. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 16(1), 43-64.
  • Ministry of Education. (1994). Reading Comprehension Test for 4th Graders. Jerusalem: Author.
  • Ministry of Education. (1996). Reading Comprehension Test for Adults. Jerusalem: Author.
  • Naatanen, R., & Picton, T. W. (1986). N2 and automatic versus controlled processes. Cerebral Psychophysiology: Studies in Event-Related Potentials (EEG Suppl. 38), 169-171.
  • Naylor, C. E., Wood, F. B., & Harter, M. R. (1995). Event-related potentials in adults diagnosed as reading disabled in childhood. International Journal of Neuroscience, 80(1-4), 339-352.
  • Neville, H. J., Coffey, S. A., Holcomb, P. J., & Tallal, P. (1993). The neurobiology of sensory and language processing in language-impaired children. Journal of Cognitive Neu-roscience, 5, 235-253.
  • Markee, T., Warren, S. B., Morre, L. H., & Theberge, D. C. (1996). Callosal function in dyslexia: Evoked potential interhemispheric transfer time and bilateral field advantage. Developmental Neuropsychology, 12, 409-428.
  • McPherson, W. B., Ackerman, P. T., Holcomb, P. J., & Dykman, R. A. (1998). Event-related brain potentials elicited during phonological processing differentiate subgroups of reading disabled adolescents. Brain and Language, 62, 163-185.
  • Nicolson, R. I., & Fawcett, A. J. (1995). Dyslexia is more than a phonological disability. Dyslexia: An International Journal of Research and Practice, 1, 19-37.
  • Nobre, A. C., & McCarthy, G. (1995). Language-related field potentials in the anterior-medial temporal lobe: II. Effects of word type and semantic priming. Journal of Neu-roscience, 15(2), 1090-1099.
  • Novak, G. P., Ritter, W., Vaughan, H. G., & Wiznitzer, M. L. (1990). Differentiation of negative event-related potentials in an auditory discrimination task. Electroen-cephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 75(4), 255-275.
  • Paullesu, E., Frith, U., Snowling, M., Gallagher, A., Morton, J., Frackowiak, R. S. J., et al. (1996). Is developmental dyslexia a disconnection syndrome? Evidence from PET scanning. Brain, 119, 143-157.
  • Perfetti, C. A. (1994). Psycholinguistics and reading ability. In M. A. Gernsbacher (Ed.), Handbook of Psycholinguistics (pp. 849-885). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Rack, J. P., Snowling, M. J., & Olson, R. K. (1992). The nonword reading deficit in developmental dyslexia: A review. Reading Research Quarterly, 27, 29-53.
  • Raven, J. C. (1965). Advanced Progressive Matrices Sets I and II. London: Lewis.
  • Reitsma, P. (1983). Word-specific knowledge in beginning reading. Journal of Research in Reading, 6, 41-56.
  • Seidenberg, M. S. (1990). Dyslexia in a computational model of word recognition in reading. In P. B. Gough, L. C. Ehri, & R. Trieman (Eds.), Reading acquisition (pp. 243-273). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Share, D. L. (1994). Deficient phonological processing in disabled readers implicates processing deficits beyond the phonological module. In K. P. van den Bos, L. S. Siegal, D. J. Bakker, & D. L. Share (Eds.), Current directions in dyslexia research. Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger B. V.
  • Shatil, E. (1995a). One-Minute Test for Words. Unpublished test, University of Haifa, Israel.
  • Shatil, E. (1995b). One-Minute Test for Pseudowords. Unpublished test, University of Haifa, Israel.
  • Kramer, A. (1991). Physiological metrics of mental workload: A review of recent progress. In D. Damos (Ed.), Multiple task performance (pp. 167-178). London: Taylor & Francis.
  • Lefly, D. L., & Pennington, B. F. (1991). Spelling errors and reading fluency in compensated adult dyslexics. Annals of Dyslexia, 41, 143-162.
  • Lemoine, H. E., Levy, B. A., & Hutchinson, A. (1993). Increasing the naming speed of poor readers: Representations formed across repetitions. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 55, 297-328.
  • Liberman, I. Y., & Shankweiler, D. (1991). Phonology and beginning reading: A tutorial. In L. Rieben & C. A. Perfetti (Eds.), Basic research and its implications (pp. 3-17). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Lovett, M. W. (1987). A developmental approach to reading disability: Accuracy and speed criteria of normal and deficient reading skill. Child Development, 58, 234-260.
  • Lovett, M. W., Warren-Chaplin, P. M., Ransby, M. J., & Borden, S. L. (1990). Training the word recognition skills of reading disabled children: Treatment and transfer effects. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 769-780.
  • Stanovich, K. E. (1988). Explaining the differences between the dyslexic and garden-variety poor reader: The phonological-core variable-difference model. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 12, 590-604.
  • Stein, J., & Talcott, J. (1999). Impaired neuronal timing in developmental dyslexia: The magnocellular hypothesis. Dyslexia: An International Journal of Research and Practice, 5, 59-77.
  • Stein, J., & Walsh, V. (1997). To see but not to read: The magnocellular theory of dyslexia. Trends in Neurosciences, 20(4), 147-152.
  • Tallal, P., Merzenich, M., Miller, S., & Jenkins, W. (1998). Language learning impairment: Integrating research and remediation. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 39(3), 197-199.
  • Reitsma, P. (1989). Orthographic memory and learning to read. In P. G. Aaron & R. M. Joshi (Eds.), Reading and writing disorders in different orthographic systems. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.
  • Sarid, M. (1997). Word list test for children. Unpublished test, University of Haifa, Israel.
  • Schulte, K. G., Bartling, J., Deimel, W., & Remschmidt, H. (1999). Attenuated hemispheric lateralization in dyslexia: Evidence of a visual processing deficit. Neuroreport for Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research, 10(17), 3697-3701.
  • Taylor, M. J., & Keenan, N. K. (1990). Event related potentials to visual and language stimuli in normal and dyslexic children. Psychophysiology, 27, 318-327.
  • Taylor, M. J., & Keenan, N. K. (1999). ERPs to orthographic, phonological, and semantic tasks in dyslexic children with auditory processing impairment. Developmental Neuropsychology, 15(2), 307-326.
  • Vaughan, H. G., Jr., & Kurtzberg, D. (1992). Electrophysiologic indices of human brain maturation and cognitive development. In M. R. Gunnar & C. Nelson (Eds.), Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology: Vol. 24 (pp. 1-36). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Vellutino, F. R., & Scanlon, D. (1987). Phonological coding, phonological awareness, and reading ability: Evidence from a longitudinal and experimental study. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 33, 312-363.
  • Wagner, R. K., & Torgesen, J. K. (1987). The nature of phonological processing and its causal role in the acquisition of reading skills. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 192-212.
  • Wechsler, D. (1991). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III). Cleveland, OH: Psychological Corp.
  • Wilson, G. F., Swain, C. R., & Ullsperger, P. (1998). ERP components elicited in response to warning stimuli: The influence of task difficulty. Biological Psychology, 47, 137-158.
  • Yap, R., & van der Leij, A. (1993). Rate of elementary symbol processing in dyslexics. In S. F. Wright & R. Groner (Eds.), Facets of dyslexia and its remediation (pp. 337-348). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Zecker, S. G. (1991). The orthographic code: Developmental trends in reading-disabled and normally-achieving children. Annals of Dyslexia, 41, 178-192.
  • Lovrich, D., Cheng, J. C., & Velting, D. M. (1997). Late cognitive brain potentials, phonological and semantic classification of spoken words, and reading ability in children. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 18, 161-177.
  • Lovrich, D., Cheng, J. C., Velting, D. M., & Kazmerski, V. (1997). Auditory ERPs during rhyme and semantic processing: Effects of reading ability in college students. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 19(3), 313-330.
  • Stelmack, R. M., Saxe, B. J., Noldy-Cullum, N., Campbell, K. B., & Armitage, R. (1988). Recognition memory for words and event related potentials: A comparison of normal and disabled readers. Journal of Experimental Neuropsychology, 10(2), 185-200.
  • Stevens, J. P. (1992). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Swan, D., & Goswami, U. (1997). Phonological awareness deficits in developmental dyslexia and the phonological representation hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 66(1), 18-41.
  • Shaywitz, S. E., Fletcher, J. M., Holahan, J. M., Shneider, A. E., Marchione, K. E., Stueberg, K. K., et al. (1999). Persistence of dyslexia: The Connecticut longitudinal study at adolescence. Pediatrics, 104(6), 1351-1359.
  • Snowling, M. J., & Hulme, C. (1994). The development of phonological skills. Transactions of the Royal Society B, 346, 21-28.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.