A Comparative Study of Ethical Beliefs of Master of Business Administration Students in the United States With Those In Hong Kong

References

• Alon, I., & Kellerman, E. A. (1999). Internal antecedents to te 1997 Asian economic crisis. Multinational Business Review, 7(2), 1-12.
   Google Scholar
• Ashworth, P., & Bannister, P. (1997). Guilty in whose eyes? University students' perceptions of cheating and plagiarism in academic work and assessment. Studies in Higher Education, 22(2), 187-203.
   Google Scholar
• Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business International (AACSB). (2004). Accreditation council policies, procedures and standards. St. Louis, MO: American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business.
   Google Scholar
• Barnett, T., Bass, K., & Brown, G. (1996). Religiosity, ethical ideology, and intentions to report a peer's wrongdoing. Journal of Business Ethics, 15, 1161-1175.
   Google Scholar
• Bunn, D. N., Caudill, S. B., & Gropper, D. M. (1992). Crime in the classroom: An economic analysis of undergraduate student cheating behavior. Research in Economic Education, 23, 197-208.
   Google Scholar
• Burton, B. K., & Near, J. P. (1995) Estimating the incidence of wrong doing and whistle-blowing: Results of a study using randomized response technique. Journal of Business Ethics, 14(1), 17-30.
   Google Scholar
• Center for Academic Integrity. (2000). CAI research. Retrieved December 29, 2006, from www.academicintegrity.org/cai_research.asp
   Google Scholar
• Christie, R., & Geis, F. I. (1970). Studies in Machiavellianism. New York: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Doney, P. M., Cannon, J. P., & Mullen, M. R. (1998). Understanding the influence of a national culture on the development of trust. Academy of Management Review, 23, 601-620.
   Google Scholar
• Earley, P. C. (1989). Social loafing and collectivism: A comparison of the United States and the People's Republic of China. Administrative Science Quarterly, 34, 565-581.
   Google Scholar
• Ferrell, O. C., & Gresham, L. G. (1985). A contingency framework for understanding ethical decision making in marketing. Journal of Marketing, 49, 87-96.
   Google Scholar
• Foltz, G. J., & Miller, N. (1994). Beliefs and Values Questionnaire (BVQ). In O. C. Ferrell & J. Fraedrich (Eds.), Business ethics: Ethical decision making and cases (pp. 326-328). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
   Google Scholar
• Forsyth, D. R. (1980). A taxonomy of ethical ideologies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 1365-1375.
   Google Scholar
• Forsyth, D. R. (1981). Moral judgment: The influence of ethical ideology. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 7, 218-223.
   Google Scholar
• Forsyth, D. R. (1985). Individual differences in information integration during moral judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 264-272.
   Google Scholar
• Forsyth, D. R., & Nye, J. L. (1990). Personal moral philosophies and moral choice. Journal of Research in Personality, 24, 398-758.
   Google Scholar
• Forsyth, D. R., Nye, J. L., & Kelley, K. (1988). Idealism, relativism, and the ethic of caring. The Journal of Psychology, 112, 243-248.
   Google Scholar
• Franklyn-Stokes, A., & Newstead, S. E. (1995). Undergraduate cheating: Who does what and why? Studies in Higher Education, 20, 159-172.
   Google Scholar
• Giorgi, L., & Marsh, C. (1990). The protestant work ethic is a cultural phenomenon. European Journal of Social Psychology, 20, 499-517.
   Google Scholar
• Grassian, V. (1981). Moral reasoning: Ethical theory and some contemporary moral problems. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Harding, T. (2004). An honest look at cheating. Industrial Engineer, 36(9), 16-18.
   Google Scholar
• Harris, J. R., & Sutton, C. D. (1995). Unraveling the ethical decision-making process: Clues from an empirical study comparing Fortune 1000 executives and MBA students. Journal of Business Ethics, 14, 805-818.
   Google Scholar
• Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Hofstede, G. (1997). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. Cambridge, England: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Hofstede, G., & Bond, M. H. (1988). The Confucius connection: From cultural roots to economic growth. Organizational Dynamics, 16(4), 5-21.
   Google Scholar
• Hunt, S. D., & Vitell, S. (1993). The general theory of marketing ethics: A retrospective and revision. In N. C. Smith & J. A. Quelch (Eds.), Ethics in marketing (pp. 775-784). Homewood, IL: Irwin.
   Google Scholar
• Husted, B. W., Dozier, J. B., McMahon, J. T., Kattan, M. W. (1996). The impact of cross-national carriers of business ethics on attitudes about questionable practices and form of moral reasoning. Journal of International Business Studies, 27, 391-412.
   Google Scholar
• John, G. (1984). An empirical investigation of some antecedents of opportunism in a marketing channel. Journal of Marketing Research, 21, 278-289.
   Google Scholar
• Kale, S. H. (1991). Culture-specific marketing communications: An analytical approach, International Marketing Review, 8(2), 18-30.
   Google Scholar
• Kale, S. H., & Barnes, J. W. (1992). Understanding the domain of cross-national buyer-seller interactions. Journal of International Business Studies, 23, 101-132.
   Google Scholar
• Kale, S. H., & McIntyre, R. P. (1991). Distribution channel relationships in diverse cultures. International Marketing Review, 8(3), 31-45.
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy, E., & Lawton, L. (1996). The effects of social and moral integration on ethical standards: A comparison of American and Ukrainian business students. Journal of Business Ethics, 15, 901-911.
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy, E. J., & Lawton, L. (1998). Religiousness and business ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 17, 163-175.
   Google Scholar
• Kidder, R. M. (1992), Ethics, a matter of survival. Futurist, 26(2), 10.
   Google Scholar
• Kung, H. (1997), A global ethic in an age of globalization. Business Ethics Quarterly, 7(3), 17-32.
   Google Scholar
• Leary, M. R., Knight, P. D., & Barnes, B. D. (1986). Ethical ideologies of the Machiavellian. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 12, 75-80.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, S. H. (1998). Understanding Confucian philosophy: Classical and sung-ming. London: Greenwood Press.
   Google Scholar
• Love, P. G., & Simmons, J. (1998). Factors influencing cheating and plagiarism among graduate students in a college of education. College Student Journal, 32, 539-550.
   Google Scholar
• Lupton, R. A., Chapman, K. J., & Weiss, J. E. (2000). A cross-national exploration of business students' attitudes, perceptions, and tendencies toward academic dishonesty. Journal of Education for Business, 75, 231-235.
   Google Scholar
• Lysonski, G., & Gaidis, A. (1991). A cross-cultural comparison of the ethics of business students. Journal of Business Ethics, 10, 141-150.
   Google Scholar
• Malinowski, C. I., & Smith, C. P. (1985). Moral reasoning and moral conduct: An investigation prompted by Kohlberg's theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 1016-1027.
   Google Scholar
• Marta, J. K., Singhapakdi, A., Rallapalli, K. C., & Joseph, M. (2000). Moral philosophies, ethical perceptions, and marketing education: A multicountry analysis. Marketing Education Review, 10(2), 37-47.
   Google Scholar
• McCabe, D. L., & Trevino, L. K. (1993). Academic dishonesty: Honor codes and other contextual influences. Journal of Higher Education, 64, 523-538.
   Google Scholar
• McGee, R. W. (1992). Business ethics and common sense. Westport, CT: Quorum Books.
   Google Scholar
• Merritt, J. (2004, October 18). Welcome to ethics 101. Business Week, 90.
   Google Scholar
• Moores, T., & Dhillon, G. (2000). Software piracy: A view from Hong Kong. Association for Computing Machinery, Communications of the ACM, 43, 88-93.
   Google Scholar
• Newstead, S. E., Franklyn-Stokes, A., & Armstead, P. (1996). Individual differences in student cheating. Journal of Educational Psychology, 87, 229-241.
   Google Scholar
• Nowell, C., & Laufer, D. (1997). Undergraduate student cheating in the fields of business and economics. Journal of Economic Education, 28(1), 3-12.
   Google Scholar
• Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Okleshen, M., & Hoyt, R. (1996). A cross cultural comparison of ethical perspectives and decision approaches of business students: United States of America versus New Zealand. Journal of Business Ethics, 15, 537-549.
   Google Scholar
• Payne, S. L., & Nantz, K. S. (1994). Social accounts and metaphors about cheating. College Teaching, 42(3), 90-97.
   Google Scholar
• Peterson, R. A. (1994). A meta-analysis of cronbach's coefficient alpha. Journal of Consumer Research, 21, 381-391.
   Google Scholar
• Pruden, H. O., Shuptrine, F. K., & Longman, D. (1974). A measure of alienation from the marketplace. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 2, 610-619.
   Google Scholar
• Psalms pilots. (2001, June 18). Brandweek, 42(25), 20.
   Google Scholar
• Rawwas, M. Y. A. (2001). Culture, personality and morality: A typology of international consumers' ethical beliefs. International Marketing Review, 18, 188-209.
   Google Scholar
• Rawwas, M. Y. A., Al-Khatib, J., & Vitell, S. (2004). Academic dishonesty: A cross-cultural comparison of U.S. and Chinese marketing students. Journal of Marketing Education, 26, 89-100.
   Google Scholar
• Rawwas, M. Y. A., & Isakson, H. (2000). Ethics of tomorrow's business managers: The influence of personal beliefs and values, individual characteristics, and the opportunity to cheat. Journal of Education for Business, 75, 321-330.
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, D., & Rabinowitz, W. (1992) An investigation of student perceptions of cheating in academic situations. Review of Higher Education, 15(2), 179-190.
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, D. M., & Toombs, R. (1993). A scale to assess perceptions of cheating in examination-related situations. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 53, 755-762.
   Google Scholar
• Roig, M., & Ballew, C. (1994). Attitudes toward cheating of self and others by college students and professors. Psychological Record, 44, 3-10.
   Google Scholar
• Roig, M., & Neaman, M. W. (1994). Alienation, learning or grade orientation, and achievement as correlates of attitudes toward cheating. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 78(3), 1096-1098.
   Google Scholar
• Roubini, N. (1999). Chronology of the Asian currency crisis and its global contagion. NYU Asian crisis compilation. Retrieved May 14, 2005, from http://www.stern.nyu.edu/9nroubini/asia/asiahome.html
   Google Scholar
• San Joaquin Delta College. (2003). Administrative procedure 5500A. Retrieved December 28, 2006, from http://www.deltacollege.edu/div/stuserv/policy-5500/ap_5500standards-conduct.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Schuster, C., & Copeland, M. (1996). Global business: Planning for sales and negotiations. Fort Worth, TX: Dryden.
   Google Scholar
• Selmer, J. (1998). The expatriate manager in China. Human Resource Management Journal, 8(1), 80-86.
   Google Scholar
• Shainess, N. (1993). Ruminations on chivalry. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 29(1), 144-152.
   Google Scholar
• Shaw, D., & Clarke, I. (1999). Belief formation in ethical consumer groups: An exploratory study. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 17, 109-119.
   Google Scholar
• Singh, J. (1990). Managerial culture and workrelated values in India. Organization Studies, 11, 75-101.
   Google Scholar
• Singhapakdi, A., Marta, J. K., Rallapalli, K. C., & Rao, C. P. (2000). Toward an understanding of religiousness and marketing ethics: An empirical study. Journal of Business Ethics, 27, 305-319.
   Google Scholar
• Stearns, J. M., & Borna, S. (1998). A comparison of the ethics of convicted felons and graduate business students: Implications for business practice and business ethics education. Teaching Business Ethics, 2(1), 175-195.
   Google Scholar
• Steidlmeier, P. (1999). Gift giving, bribery and corruption: Ethical management of business relationships in China. Journal of Business Ethics, 20, 121-132.
   Google Scholar
• Ueno, S., & Sekaran, U. (1992). The influence of culture on budget control practices in the USA and Japan: An empirical study. Journal of International Business Studies, 23, 659-674.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of State. (2004). Background note: Hong Kong, Bureau of Asian and Pacific Affairs. Retrieved December 28, 2006, from www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2747.htm
   Google Scholar
• Vitell, S., & Muncy, J. (1992). Consumer ethics: An empirical investigation of factors influencing ethical judgments of the final consumer. Journal of Business Ethics, 11, 585-598.
   Google Scholar
• Vitell, S. J., Singhapakdi, A., & Thomas, J. (2001). Consumer ethics: An application and empirical testing of the Hunt-Vitell theory of ethics. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 18, 153-178.
   Google Scholar
• Whipple, T., & Swords, D. (1992). Business ethics judgments: A cross-cultural comparison. Journal of Business Ethics, 11, 671-678.
   Google Scholar
• Wikipedia. (2006). Retrieved December 28, 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanxi
   Google Scholar
• Williamson, O. E. (1975). Markets and hierarchies, analysis and antitrust implications. New York: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Yeh, R., & Lawrence, J. (1995). Individualism and Confucian dynamism: A note on Hofstede's cultural root to economic growth. Journal of International Business Studies, 26, 655-669.
   Google Scholar