11
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Symposium: Controversies in Pediatric Ophthalmology and Orthoptics: A Point-Counterpoint Discussion

The Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Treatment for Children with a Persistent Esotropia Following Bilateral Medial Rectus Recessions and Lateral Rectus Resections

, M.D. & , C.O.
Pages 24-28 | Published online: 22 Dec 2017

References

  • Scott AB, Rosenbaum A, Collins CC: Pharmacologic weakening of extraocular muscles. Invest Ophthalmol 1973; 12: 924–927.
  • Rowe FJ, Noonan CP: Botulinum toxin for the treatment of strabismus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 2: CD006499.
  • Lee J, Harris S, Cohen J, Cooper K, MacEwen C, Jones S: Results of a prospective randomized trial of botulinum toxin therapy in acute unilateral sixth nerve palsy. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1994; 31: 283–286.
  • Carruthers JD, Kennedy RA, Bagaric D: Botulinum vs. adjustable suture surgery in the treatment of horizontal misalignment in adult patients lacking fusion. Arch Ophthalmol 1990; 108: 1432–1435.
  • Tejedor J, Rodriguez JM: Retreatment of children after surgery for acquired esotropia: Reoperation versus botulinum injection. BJO 1998; 82: 110–114.
  • Tejedor J, Rodriguez JM: Early retreatment of infantile esotropia: Comparison of reoperation and botulinum toxin. BJO 1999; 83: 783–787.
  • Couser N, Lambert SR: Botulinum toxin A treatment of consecutive esotropia in children. Strabismus 2012; 20: 158–161.
  • de Alba Campomanes AG, Binenbaum G, Campomanes Eguiarte G: Comparison of botulinum toxin with surgery as primary treatment for infantile esotropia. J AAPOS 2010; 14: 111–116.
  • Gursoy H, Basmak H, Sahin A, Yildirim N, Aydin Y, Colak E: Long-term follow-up of bilateral botulinum toxin injections versus bilateral recessions of the medial rectus muscles for treatment of infantile esotropia. J AAPOS 2012; 16: 269–273.
  • Biglan AW, Burnstine RA, Rogers GL, Saunders RA: Management of strabismus with botulinum A toxin. Ophthalmology 1989; 96: 935–943.
  • Hiles DA, Watson BA, Biglan AW: Characteristics of infantile esotropia following early bimedial rectus recession. Arch Ophthalmol 1980; 98: 697–703.
  • Folk ER, Miller MT, Chapman L: Consecutive exotropia following surgery. BJO 1983; 67: 546–548.
  • Stager DR, Weakley DR Jr, Everett M, Birch EE: Delayed consecutive exotropia following 7 millimeter bilateral medial rectus recession for congenital esotropia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1994; 31: 147–150; discussion 51-52.
  • Donaldson MJ, Forrest MP, Gole GA: The surgical management of consecutive exotropia. J AAPOS 2004; 8: 230–236.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.