116
Views
17
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
The 43rd Richard G. Scobee Memorial Lecture

Fusional Amplitudes: Exploring Where Fusion Falters

, C.O.
Pages 41-54 | Published online: 22 Dec 2017

References

  • Freeman DM: Richard Gordon Scobee, M.D., 1914-1952 (obituary). Arch Ophthalmol 1952; 48: 663–665.
  • Scobee RG. The Oculorotary Muscles, 2nd ed. St. Louis: CV Mosby Co.; 1952, pp. 126, 139, 140, 145–146; 343–348, 351.
  • Scobee RG, Green EL: Further studies in the relationship between heterophoria and prism vergence. Am J Ophthalmol 1951; 34: 401–404.
  • Hoddes E, Zarcone V, Smythe H, Phillips R, Dement WC: Quantification of sleepiness: A new approach. Psychophysiology 1973; 10: 431–436. Retrieved from http://www.stanford.edu/~dement/sss.html.
  • Lancaster JE. A Manual of Orthoptics. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1951, p. 113.
  • Wesson MD: Normalization of prism bar vergences. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1982; 59: 628–634.
  • Burggraaf F, Schultinga L, Polling JR, Gutter M: Bagolini glasses: Do they affect the horizontal prism fusion amplitude? Transactions of the XIIth International Orthoptic Congress, Toronto, Canada, June 26-29, 2012; pp. 135–140.
  • Rowe FJ: Fusional vergence measures and their significance in clinical assessments. Strabismus 2010; 18: 48–57.
  • Hainey J, Cleary M, Wright L: Does ocular dominance influence the clinical measurement of fusional amplitude? Br Orthopt J 1999; 56: 72–76.
  • Cridland N: The measurement of heterophoria. BJO 1941; 25: 141–167.
  • Rosenfield M, Ciuffreda KJ, Onge E, Super S: Vergence adaptation and the order of clinical vergence range testing. Optom Vis Sci 1995; 72: 219–223.
  • Andreacci JL, LeMura LM, Cohen SL, Urbansky EA, Chelland SA, Von Duvillard SP: The effects of frequency of encouragement on performance during maximal exercise testing. J Sports Sci 2002; 20: 354–352.
  • Gates GS, Rissland LQ: The effect of encouragement and of discouragement upon performance. J Educ Psychol 1923; 14: 21–26.
  • Choi H, Watanabe T: Perceptual learning solely induced by feedback. Vis Res 2012; 61: 77–82.
  • Tuckman BW, Sexton TL: The effect of teacher encouragement on student self-efficacy and motivation for self-regulated performance. J Soc Behav Pers 1991; 6: 137–146.
  • Kramer ME. Clinical Orthoptics: Diagnosis and Treatment. St. Louis: CV Mosby Co.; 1949, pp. 285–293.
  • Quant JR: The effect of sleep deprivation and sustained military operations on near visual performance. Aviat Space Environ Med 1992; 63: 172–176.
  • von Noorden GK, Campos EC. Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, 6th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2002, pp. 202–206.
  • Siatkowski RM: The decompensated monofixation syndrome (an American Ophthalmological Society thesis). Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 2011; 109: 232–250.
  • Mellick A: Convergence: An investigation into the normal standards of age groups. BJO 1949; 33: 755–763.
  • Burian HM: Annual Reviews: Strabismus. Arch Ophthalmol 1950; 44: 146–154.
  • Scheiman M, Wick B. Clinical Management of Binocular Vision: Heterophoric, Accommodative, and Eye Movement Disorders. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins; 2002, p. 9.
  • Parks MM: Vergences. In: Tasman W, Jaeger EA, eds. Duane's Clinical Ophthalmology. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins; 2001, Chapter 7, pp. 1–7.
  • Cassin B. Fundamentals for Ophthalmic Technical Personnel. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company; 1995; pp. 282–285.
  • Scobee RG, Green EL: Relationships between lateral heterophoria, prism vergence, and the near point of convergence. Am J Ophthalmol 1948; 31: 427–441.
  • Tait EF: Fusional vergences. Am J Ophthalmol 1949; 32: 1223–1230.
  • Ogle KN, Mussey F, Prangen AD: Fixation disparity and the fusional processes in binocular single vision. Am J Ophthalmol 1949; 32: 1069–1087.
  • Abraham SV: Near horizontal phoria and duction tests. Am J Ophthalmol 1943; 26: 271–279.
  • Narbheram J, Firth AY: Prism fusion range: Blur point, break point, and recovery point. Br Orthopt J 1997; 54: 2–6.
  • Sethi B, North RV: Vergence adaptive changes with varying magnitudes of prism-induced disparities and fusional amplitudes. Am J Physiol Opt 1987; 6: 151–156.
  • Antona B, Barrio A, Barra F, Gonzalez E, Sanchez I: Repeatability and agreement in the measurement of horizontal fusional vergences. Ophthal Physiol Opt 2008; 28: 475–491.
  • Lee GY, Kim YY: Horizontal and vertical fusional amplitudes in normal eyes. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 1991; 32: 1116–1122.
  • Radaković M, Ivetić V, Naumović N, Canadanović, Stankov B: Heterophoria and fusional convergence and divergence in preschool children. Med Glas Ljek Komore Zenicko-doboj kantona 2012; 9: 293–298.
  • Palomo Alvarez C, Puell MC, Sánchez-Ramos C, Villena C: Normal values of distance heterophoria and fusional vergence ranges and effects of age. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2006; 244: 821–824.
  • Rosner J: A procedure for measuring the nearpoint fusional vergence reserves of young children. J Am Optometric Assoc 1979; 50: 473–474.
  • Jiménez R, Pérez MA, García JA, González MD: Statistical normal values of visual parameters that characterize binocular function in children. Ophthal Physiol Opt 2004; 24: 528–542.
  • Razavi ME, Poor SSH, Daneshyar A: Normative values for the fusional amplitudes and the prevalence of heterophoria in adults (Khatam-Al-Anbia Eye Hospital, 2009). Iranian J Ophthalmol 2010; 22: 41–46.
  • Adigezalova-Polchaeva KA, Guli-Zade AA: Fusional reserves depending on the character of refraction in children of various age. Oftalmol Zh 1974; 29: 381–384.
  • Anderson H, Stuebing KK, Fern KD, Manny RE: Ten-year changes in fusional vergence, phoria, and nearpoint of convergence in myopic children. Optom Vis Sci 2011; 88: 1060–1065.
  • Goss DA, Becker E: Comparison of near fusional vergence ranges with rotary prisms and with prism bars. Optometry 2011; 82: 104–107.
  • Archer SM, Miller KK, Helveston EM, Ellis FD: Vergence amplitudes with random-dot stereograms. BJO 1986; 70: 718–723.
  • Kertesz AE: Effect of stimulus size on fusion and vergence. J Opt Soc Am 1981; 71: 289–293.
  • Hampton DR, Kertesz AE: Fusional vergence response to local peripheral stimulation. J Opt Soc Am 1983; 73: 7–10.
  • Tanimoto N, Takagi M, Bando T, Abe H, Hasegawa S, Usui T, Miki A, Zee DA: Central and peripheral visual interactions in disparity-induced vergence eye movements: I. Spatial interaction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004; 45: 1132–1138.
  • Allison RS, Howard IP, Fang X: The stimulus integration area for horizontal vergence. Exp Brain Res 2004; 156: 305–315.
  • Litzen J⊘rstad A-K: The effect of environmental light level on the horizontal prism fusion range in normal subjects (MMedSci thesis). University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England; 2008.
  • Goldstein JH, Hornblass A, Clahane AC: Effect of peripheral vision on the binocular relationship: A further study. Am J Ophthalmol 1968; 66: 86–89.
  • Tuff LC, Firth AY, Griffiths HJ: Prism vergence measurements following adaptation to a base out prism. Br Orthopt J 2000; 57: 42–44.
  • Melville AC, Firth AY: Is there a relationship between prism fusion range and vergence facility? Br Orthopt J 2002; 59: 38–44.
  • Horwood AM, Riddel PM: A novel experimental method for measuring vergence and accommodation responses to the main near visual cues in typical and atypical groups. Strabismus 2009; 17: 9–15.
  • Hatt SR, Leske DA, Mohney BG, Brodsky MC, Holmes JM: Fusional convergence in childhood intermittent exotropia. Am J Ophthalmol 2011; 152: 314–319.
  • Sharma P, Saxena R, Narvekar M, Gadia R, Menon V: Evaluation of distance and near stereoacuity and fusional vergence in intermittent exotropia. Indian J Ophthalmol 2008; 56: 121–125.
  • Niederecker O, Mash AJ, Spivey BE: Horizontal fusional amplitudes and versions: Comparison in parents of strabismic and nonstrabismic children. Arch Ophthalmol 1972; 87: 283–285.
  • Chen Y-F, Lee Y-Y, Chen T, Semmlow JL, Alvarez TL: Review: Behaviors, models and clinical applications of vergence eye movements. J Med Biol Engin 2010; 30: 1–15.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.