Short-term and long-term associations between household wealth and physical growth: a cross-comparative analysis of children from four low- and middle-income countries

References

• UNICEF. Improving child nutrition: the achievable imperative for global progress. 2013; New York: UNICEF.
   Google Scholar
• UNICEF. The state of the world's children 2014 in numbers: every child counts. 2014; New York: UNICEF.
   Google Scholar
• Black RE, Victora CG, Walker SP, Bhutta ZA, Christian P, De Onis M, etal. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet. 2013; 382: 427–51. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Black RE, Allen LH, Bhutta ZA, Caulfield LE, De Onis M, Ezzati M, etal. Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences. Lancet. 2008; 371: 243–60. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• UNICEF. Strategy for improved nutrition of children and women in developing countries. 1990; New York: UNICEF.
   Google Scholar
• Mosley WH, Chen LC. An analytical framework for the study of child survival in developing countries. Popul Dev Rev. 1984; 10: 25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar A, Singh A. Decomposing the gap in childhood undernutrition between poor and non–poor in urban India, 2005–06. PLoS One. 2001; 8: e64972.
   Google Scholar
• Nandy S, Irving M, Gordon D, Subramanian SV, Smith GD. Poverty, child undernutrition and morbidity: new evidence from India. Bull World Health Organ. 2005; 83: 210–16. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Smith L, Haddad L. Reducing child undernutrition: past drivers and priorities for the post-MDG era. 2014; Brighton, UK: IDS. IDS Working Paper, Report No. 441.
   Google Scholar
• Smith LC, Haddad LJ. Explaining child malnutrition in developing countries. 2000; Washington, DC: International for Food Policy Research Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Engle PL, Black MM. The effect of poverty on child development and educational outcomes. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008; 1136: 243–56. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Bradley RH, Corwyn RF. Socioeconomic status and child development. Ann Rev Psychol. 2002; 53: 371–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Currie J, Stabile M. Socioeconomic status and health: why is the relationship stronger for older children?. 2002; Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
   Google Scholar
• Chen E, Matthews KA, Boyce WT. Socioeconomic differences in children's health: how and why do these relationships change with age?. Psychol Bull. 2002; 128: 295–329. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Case A, Lubotsky D, Paxson C. Economic status and health in childhood: the origins of the gradient. 2001; Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
   Google Scholar
• Fotso JC, Madise N, Baschieri A, Cleland J, Zulu E, Kavao Mutua M, etal. Child growth in urban deprived settings: does household poverty status matter? At which stage of child development?. Health Place. 2012; 18: 375–84. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Singh R, Sarkar S. The relationship of household monetary poverty and multidimensional child deprivation. 2014; Oxford: Young Lives. Young Lives Working Paper, Report No. 121.
   Google Scholar
• Pérez-Escamilla R. Post–1000 days growth trajectories and child cognitive development in low-and middle-income countries. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013; 98: 1375–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Outes I, Porter C. Catching up from early nutritional deficits? Evidence from rural Ethiopia. Econ Hum Biol. 2013; 11: 148–63. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Behrman J, Hoddinott J. An evaluation of the impact of PROGRESA on child height. 2001; Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Gertler P. Do conditional cash transfers improve child health? Evidence from PROGRESA's control randomized experiment. Am Econ Rev. 2004; 94: 336–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoddinott J, Behrman JR, Maluccio JA, Melgar P, Quisumbing AR, Ramirez-Zea M, etal. Adult consequences of growth failure in early childhood. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013; 98: 1170–8. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Hoddinott J, Skoufias E. The impact of PROGRESA on food consumption. Econ Dev Cult Change. 2004; 53: 37–61.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett I, Ariana P, Petrou S, Penny ME, Duc LT, Galab S, etal. Cohort profile: the Young Lives study. Int J Epidemiol. 2013; 42: 701–8. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Boyden J. Young Lives: an international study of childhood poverty: round 2, 2006. 2014; 2nd ed, Colchester: UK Data Archive.
   Google Scholar
• Boyden J. Young Lives: an international study of childhood poverty: round 3, 2009. 2014; 2nd ed, Colchester: UK Data Archive.
   Google Scholar
• Boyden J. Young Lives: an international study of childhood poverty: rounds 1–3 constructed files, 2002–2009. 2014; Colchester: UK Data Archive.
   Google Scholar
• Huttly S, Jones N. Young Lives: an international study of childhood poverty: round 1, 2002. 2014; 5th ed, Colchester: UK Data Archive.
   Google Scholar
• Young Lives. Young Lives methods guide: sampling. 2011. Available from: http://www.younglives.org.uk/files/methods-guide/methods-guide-sampling [cited 18 October 2013]..
   Google Scholar
• Outes-Leon I, Sanchez A. An assessment of the Young Lives sampling approach in Ethiopia. 2008; Oxford: Young Lives. Young Lives Technical Note.
   Google Scholar
• Kumra N. An assessment of the Young Lives sampling approach in Andhra Pradesh, India. 2008; Oxford: Young Lives. Young Lives Technical Note.
   Google Scholar
• Escobal J, Flores E. An assessment of the Young Lives sampling approach in Peru. 2008; Oxford: Young Lives. Young Lives Technical Note.
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen N. An assessment of the Young Lives sampling approach in Vietnam. 2008; Oxford: Young Lives. Young Lives Technical Note.
   Google Scholar
• Outes-Leon I, Dercon S. Survey attrition and attrition bias in Young Lives. 2008; Oxford: Young Lives. Young Lives Technical Note.
   Google Scholar
• Filmer D, Pritchett L. Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data – or tears: an application to educational enrollments in states of India. Demography. 2001; 38: 115–32. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Petrou S, Kupek E. Poverty and childhood undernutrition in developing countries: a multi-national cohort study. Soc Sci Med. 2010; 71: 1366–73. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Alemu T, Asgedom G, Liebenberg J, Mekonnen A, Seager A, Tefera B, etal. Young Lives preliminary country report: Ethiopia. 2003; Oxford: Young Lives.
   Google Scholar
• Howe LD, Hargreaves JR, Gabrysch S, Huttly SRA. Is the wealth index a proxy for consumption expenditure? A systematic review. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2009; 63: 871–7. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• ICF International. Demographic and health surveys [Datasets]. 1997–2014. Calverton, MD: ICF International.
   Google Scholar
• WHO, UNICEF. WHO child growth standards and the identification of severe acute malnutrition in infants and children. 2006; Geneva: WHO.
   Google Scholar
• de Onis M. WHO child growth standards. 2006; Geneva: WHO. 1–336.
   Google Scholar
• Cameron AC, Trivedi PK. Microeconometrics using Stata. 2009; College Station, TX: Stata Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdillon M, Boyden J. Growing up in poverty: findings from Young Lives. 2014; New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
   Google Scholar
• Victora CG, de Onis M, Hallal PC, Blossner M, Shrimpton R. Worldwide timing of growth faltering: revisiting implications for interventions. Pediatrics. 2010; 125: e473–80. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Fink G, Rockers PC. Childhood growth, schooling, and cognitive development: further evidence from the Young Lives study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014; 100: 182–8. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Lundeen EA, Behrman JR, Crookston BT, Dearden KA, Engle P, Georgiadis A, etal. Growth faltering and recovery in children aged 1–8 years in four low-and middle-income countries: Young Lives. Public Health Nutr. 2013; 17: 2131–7. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Lundeen EA, Stein AD, Adair LS, Behrman JR, Bhargava SK, Dearden KA, etal. Height-for-age z scores increase despite increasing height deficits among children in 5 developing countries. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014; 100: 821–5. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Schott WB, Crookston BT, Lundeen EA, Stein AD, Behrman JR. Periods of child growth up to age 8 years in Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam: key distal household and community factors. Soc Sci Med. 2013; 97: 278–87. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Crookston BT, Penny ME, Alder SC, Dickerson TT, Merrill RM, Stanford JB, etal. Children who recover from early stunting and children who are not stunted demonstrate similar levels of cognition. J Nutr. 2010; 140: 1996–2001. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar