Pregnancy incidence and associated factors among HIV-infected female adolescents in HIV care in urban Côte d'Ivoire, 2009–2013

References

• WHO. Health for the world's adolescents. Available from: http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/adolescence/second-decade/en/ [cited 31 August 2014].
   Google Scholar
• UNICEF. Progress for children: a report card on adolescents. 2012; New York: UNICEF.
   Google Scholar
• Leonard AD, Markham CM, Bui T, Shegog R, Paul ME. Lowering the risk of secondary HIV transmission: insights from HIV-positive youth and health care providers. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2010; 42: 110–16.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. Early marriages, adolescent and young pregnancies. 2012. Available from: http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA65/A65_13-en.pdf?ua=1 [cited 13 October 2014].
   Google Scholar
• UNAIDS. The gap report. Geneva: UNAIDS; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Baryamutuma R, Baingana F. Sexual, reproductive health needs and rights of young people with perinatally acquired HIV in Uganda. Afr Health Sci. 2011; 11: 211–18. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Birungi H, Mugisha JF, Obare F, Nyombi JK. Sexual behavior and desires among adolescents perinatally infected with human immunodeficiency virus in Uganda: implications for programming. J Adolesc Health. 2009; 44: 184–7.
   Google Scholar
• Delvaux T, Nöstlinger C. Reproductive choice for women and men living with HIV: contraception, abortion and fertility. Reprod Health Matters. 2007; 15: 46–66.
   Google Scholar
• Obare F, Kwaak A, Birungi H. Factors associated with unintended pregnancy, poor birth outcomes and post-partum contraceptive use among HIV-positive female adolescents in Kenya. BMC Women's. Health. 2012; 12: 34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowenthal ED, Bakeera-Kitaka S, Marukutira T, Chapman J, Goldrath K, Ferrand RA. Perinatally acquired HIV infection in adolescents from Sub-Saharan Africa: a review of emerging challenges. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014; 14: 627–39.
   Google Scholar
• Barrett G, Smith SC, Wellings K. Conceptualisation, development, and evaluation of a measure of unplanned pregnancy. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2004; 58: 426–33.
   Google Scholar
• Dumazert PB-SJ, Minga A, Messou E, Coffie P, Zahui A, Horo A, etal. Désir et intention de procréation, besoins non satisfaits en planification familiale et grossesses non planifiées chez des femmes infectées par le VIH à Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. 2016; Bruxelles, Belgique: AFRAVIH. Oral communication #1315.
   Google Scholar
• Ministère de la Santé et de la Lutte contre le Sida (MSLS) INdlSI. MEASURE DHS – Cote d'Ivoire: Standard DHS, 2011–2012. Available from: http://www.measuredhs.com/what-we-do/survey/survey-display-311.cfm [cited 25 February 2014].
   Google Scholar
• WHO. Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents: recommendations for a public health approach. 2010. 2010 Revision. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Westreich D, Maskew M, Rubel D, MacDonald P, Jaffray I, Majuba P. Incidence of pregnancy after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in South Africa: a retrospective clinical cohort analysis. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2012; 2012: 917059.
   Google Scholar
• Myer L, Carter RJ, Katyal M, Toro P, El-Sadr WM, Abrams EJ. Impact of antiretroviral therapy on incidence of pregnancy among HIV-infected women in Sub-Saharan Africa: a cohort study. PLoS Med. 2010; 7: e1000229.
   Google Scholar
• Burgos-Soto J, Balestre E, Minga A, Ajayi S, Sawadogo A, Zannou MD, etal. Incidence of pregnancy after antiretroviral therapy initiation and associated factors in 8 west African countries. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014; 67: e45–54.
   Google Scholar
• Holt K, Lince N, Hargey A, Struthers H, Nkala B, Mclntyre J, etal. Assessment of service availability and health care workers’ opinions about young women's sexual and reproductive health in Soweto, South Africa. Afr J Reprod Health. 2012; 16: 283–93. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Nachega JB, Hislop M, Nguyen H, Dowdy DW, Chaisson RE, Regensberg L, etal. Antiretroviral therapy adherence, virologic and immunologic outcomes in adolescents compared with adults in southern Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009; 51: 65–71.
   Google Scholar
• Operario D, Underhill K, Chuong C, Cluver L. HIV infection and sexual risk behaviour among youth who have experienced orphanhood: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Int AIDS Soc. 2011; 14: 25.
   Google Scholar
• Gregson S, Nyamukapa CA, Garnett GP, Wambe M, Lewis JJC, Mason PR, etal. HIV infection and reproductive health in teenage women orphaned and made vulnerable by AIDS in Zimbabwe. AIDS Care. 2005; 17: 785–94.
   Google Scholar
• Birdthistle IJ, Floyd S, Machingura A, Mudziwapasi N, Gregson S, Glynn JR. From affected to infected? Orphanhood and HIV risk among female adolescents in urban Zimbabwe. AIDS. 2008; 22: 759–66.
   Google Scholar
• Kaida A, Matthews LT, Kanters S, Kabakyenga J, Muzoora C, Mocello AR, etal. Incidence and predictors of pregnancy among a cohort of HIV-positive women initiating antiretroviral therapy in Mbarara, Uganda. PLoS One. 2013; 8: e63411.
   Google Scholar
• Loko MA, Toure S, Dakoury-Dogbo N, Gabillard D, Leroy V, Anglaret X. Decreasing incidence of pregnancy by decreasing CD4 cell count in HIV-infected women in Cote d'Ivoire: a 7-year cohort study. AIDS. 2005; 19: 443–5.
   Google Scholar