Spatial variability of phytoplankton, nutrients and new production estimates in the waters around Svalbard

References

• AAndreassen, I., Nrithig, E. M. & Wassmann, P. 1996: Vertical particle flux on the shelf off northern Spitsbergen. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 137, 215–218.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Båmstedt, U., Eilertsen, H. C., Tande. K. S., Slagstad, D. & Skjoldal, H. R. 1991: Copepod grazing and its potential impact on phytoplankton development in the Barents Sea. In E. Sakshaug et al. (eds): Proceeding of the Pro Mare Symposium on Polar Marine Ecology, Trondheim, 12-16 May 1990. Polar Res. 10, 339–353.
   Google Scholar
• Bianchi, F., Boldrin, A., Cioce, F., Diekmann. G., Kuosa, H., Larsson, A. M., Nothig, E. M., Sehlstedt, P.I., Socal, G. & Syvertsen, E. E. 1992: Phytoplankton distribution in relation to sea ice, hydrography and nutrients in the northwestern Weddell Sea in early spring. Polar Biol. 12, 225–235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bienfang, P. K. 1981: Sinking-rate of heterogeneous temperate phytoplankton populations. J. Plankton Res. 3, 235–253.
   Google Scholar
• Catalano, G. 1987: An improved method for the determination of ammonia in seawater. Mar. Chem. 20, 289–295.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Codispoti, L. A., Friederich, G. E., Sakamoto, C. M. & Gordon, L. I. 1991: Nutrient cycling and primary production in the marine systems of the Arctic and Antarctic./. Mar. Svst. 359–384.
   Google Scholar
• Edler, L. 1979: Recommendations on methods for marine biological studies in the Baltic Sea. Phytoplankton and chlorophyll. BMB (Baltic Marine Biologists) Publ. 5.
   Google Scholar
• Eilertsen, H. C., Taasen, J. P. & Weslawski, J. M. 1989: Phytoplankton studies in the fjords of west Spitsbergen — physical environment and production in spring and summer. J. Plankton Res. 11, 1245–1260.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, C. A., O'Reilly, J. E. & Thomas, J. P. 1987: A handbook for the measurement chlorophyll a and primary production. BIOMASS Sci. Ser. 8.
   Google Scholar
• Fransz, H. G., Gonzalez, H. E., Greave, M., Mathieu, T., Meyer, U., Passelaige, F. & Timofeev, S. F. 1992: Zooplankton. In E. Rachor (ed): Scientific Cruise Report of the 1991 Arctic Expedition ARK V111/2 of RV POLARSTERN (EPOS II: Study of the European Arctic Shelf “SEAS'', of the European Science Foundation). Ber. Polarforsch. 115, 63-80.
   Google Scholar
• Goeyens, L. Sorensson F., Trnguer P., Morvan J., Panouse, M. & Dehairs, F. 1991: Spatiotemporal variability of inorganic nitrogen stocks and uptake fluxes in the Scotia-Weddell confluence area during November and December 1988. Mar. EcoL Prog. Ser. 77,7-19.
   Google Scholar
• Gonzalez, H. E., Nrithig, E.-M., Duman, M. & Schauer, U. 1998 ( unpubl. ms.): Sedimentation of biogenic and lithogenic particles in the central Barents Sea (Arctic) over a one year period.
   Google Scholar
• Grasshoff, K., Ehrardt, M. & Kremling, K. 1983: Methods of seawater analysis. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie.
   Google Scholar
• Hansen, B., Christiansen, S. & Pedersen, G. 1996: Plankton dynamics in the marginal ice zone of the central Barents Sea during spring: carbon flow and structure of the grazer food chain. Polar Biol. 16, 115–128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hulth, S., Hall, P. O. J., Blackburn, T. H. & Landen, A. 1996: Arctic sediments (Svalbard): pore water and solid phase distribution of C, N, P and Si. Polar Biol. 16, 447-462. Inall, M. & Parker, P. 1992: Sea ice. In E. Rachor (ed): Scientific Cruise Report of the 1991 Arctic Expedition ARK V111/2 of RV POLARSTERN (EPOS II: Study of the European Arctic Shelf “SEAS'', of the European Science Foundation). Ber. Polcuforsch. 115, 43–51.
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins, W. J. & Wallace, D. W. R. 1992: Tracer based inferences of new primary production in the sea. In P. G. Falkowski & A. D. Woodhead (eds): Primary productivity and biogeochenzical cycles in the sea. Pp. 299-316. New York: Environmental Science Research/Plenum Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jennings, J. C., Gordon, L. I. & Nelson, D. M. 1984: Nutrient depletion indicates high primary productivity in the Weddell Sea. Nature 309, 51-54.
   Google Scholar
• Kendall, M. A. 1996: Are Arctic soft-sediment macrobenthic communities impoverished? Polar Biol. 16, 393–399.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liddicoat, M. I., Tibbits, S. & Buttler, E. I. 1975: The determination of ammonia in seawater. Linznol. Oceanogr. 20, 131–132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loeng, H. 1989: Ecological features of the Barents Sea. Northern Svalbard waters. In L. Rey & V. Alexander (eds.): Proceedings of the 6th Conference of the Comité Arctique International. Pp. 327-365. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
   Google Scholar
• Loeng, H. 1991: Features of the physical oceanographic conditions of the Barents Sea. In E. Sakshaug et al. (eds.): Proceedings of the Pro Mare Symposium on Polar Marine Ecology, Trondheim, 12-16 May 1990. Polar Res. 10, 5–18.
   Google Scholar
• Luchetta, A., Lipizer, M. & Socal, G. in press: Temporal evolution of primary production in the central Barents Sea. J. Mar. Syst.
   Google Scholar
• Mehl, S. 1991: The northeast Arctic cod stock's place in the Barents Sea ecosystem in the 1980s: an overview. In E. Sakshaug et al. (eds): Proceeding of the Pro Mare Symposium on Polar Marine Ecology, Trondheitn, 12-16 May 1990. Polar Res. 10, 525–534.
   Google Scholar
• Minas, H. J., Minas, M. & Packard, T. T. 1986. Productivity in upwelling areas deduced from hydrographic and chemical fields. Limnol. Oceanogr. 31 (6), 1182–1206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, B. G. & Holm-Hansen, O, 1991: Observation and modeling of the Antarctic phytoplankton crop in relation to mixing depth. Deep-Sea Res. 38,981-1007.
   Google Scholar
• Nesvetova, G. I. & Rhyzhov, V. M. 1987: Long-term variations of the biogenous elements content and primary production in the Barents Sea waters. In H. Loeng (ed.): The effects of oceanographic conditions on distribution and population dynamics of commercial fish stocks in the Barents sea. Proceedings of the third Soviet-Norwegian Symposium, Murmansk, 26-28 May 1986. Pp. 47-57. Bergen: Institute of Marine Research.
   Google Scholar
• Pesant, S., Legendre, L., Grosselin, M., Smith, R. E. H., Kanner, G. & Ramseier, R. O. 1996: Size-differential regimes of phytoplankton production in the Northeast Water Polynya (77°-81° N). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 142, 75–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piepenburg, D., Chernova, N. V., von Dorrien, C. F., Gutt, J., Neyelov, A. V., Rachor, E. Saldanha, L. & Schmid, M. K. 1996: Megabenthic communities in the waters around Svalbard. Polar Biol. 16, 431-446.
   Google Scholar
• Poulin, M. 1990: Ice diatoms: the arctic. In L. Medlin & J. Priddle (eds): Polar marine diatoms. Pp. 15-18. Cambridge: British Antarctic Survey.
   Google Scholar
• Rachor, E. 1992: Summary and itinerary. In E. Rachor (ed.): Scientific Cruise Report of the 1991 Arctic Expedition ARK V111/2 of RV POLARSTERN (EPOS 11. Study of the European Arctic Shelf “SEAS”, of the European Science Foundation) Ber. Polarforsch. 115, 3–19.
   Google Scholar
• Redfield, A. C., Ketchum, B. H. & Richards, F. A. 1963: Influence of organisms on the composition of sea water. In M. N. Hill (ed.): The sea. Vol. 2. Pp 26-77. New York: John Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Rey, F. & Loeng, H. 1985: The influence of ice and hydrography conditions on the development of phytoplankton in the Barents Sea. In J. S. Gray & M. E. Christiansen (eds.): Marine biology of polar regions and effects of stress on marine organisms. Pp. 49-63. London: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Rey, F. & Skjoldal, H. R. 1987: Consumption of silicic acid below the euphotic zone by sedimenting blooms in the Barents Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 36, 307–312.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences) 1992: Phytoplankton in the Barents Sea. Apatity: Murmansk Marine Biological Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Sakshaug, E. 1989: The physiological ecology of polar phytoplankton. In L. Rey & V. Alexander (eds.): Proceedings 6th Conference of the Cotnité Arctic International. Pp. 61-89. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
   Google Scholar
• Sakshaug, E., Hopkins, C. C. E. & Oristland. N. A. (eds.) 1991: Proceedings of the Pro Mare Symposium on Polar Marine Ecology, Trondhenn, 12-16 May 1990. Polar Res. 10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sambrotto, R. M., Niebauer, H. J., Goering, J. J. & Iverson, R. L. 1986: Relationship among vertical mixing, nitrate uptake and phytoplankton growth during the spring bloom in the southeast Bering Sea middle shelf. Cont. Shelf Res. 5. 161–198.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savinov, V. M. 1992: Spatial distribution of chlorophyll and primary production. In: Phytoplankton in the Barents Sea. Pp. 52–53. Apatity: Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Russian Academy of Science.
   Google Scholar
• Schauer, U. 1995: The release of brine-enriched shelf water from Storfjord into the Norwegian Sea. J. Geophys. Res. 100(C8), 16015–16028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skjoldal, H. R., Hassel, A., Rey, F. & Loeng, H. 1987: Spring phytoplankton development and zooplankton reproduction in the central Barents Sea in the period 1979-1984. In H. Loeng (ed.): The effects of oceanographic conditions on distribution and population dynamics of commercial fish stocks in the Barents sea. Proceedings of the third Soviet-Norwegian Symposium, Murmansk, 26-28 May 1986. Pp. 59-89. Bergen: Institute of Marine Research.
   Google Scholar
• Smetacek, V. 1975: Die Sukzes.sion des Phytoplanktons der vvestlicher Kieler Butch. (The succession of phytoplankton in the western Bay of Kiel.) Ph.D. thesis, University of Kid.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, W. O., Jr. 1987: Phytoplankton dynamics in the marginal ice zones. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Anna. Rev. 25,11-38.
   Google Scholar
• Strass, V. & NOthig, E. M. 1996: Seasonal shifts in ice edge phytoplankton blooms in the Barents Sea related to the water column stability. Polar Biol. 16, 409–422.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strathmann, R. R. 1967: Estimating the organic carbon content of phytoplankton from cell volume or plasma volume. Limnol. Oceanogr. 12, 411–418.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strickland, J. D. & Parsons, T. T. 1972: A practical handbook of seawater analysis. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 167. Ottawa.
   Google Scholar
• Strömberg, J. O. 1989: Northern Svalbard waters. In L. Rey & V. Alexander (eds.): Proceedings of the 6th Conference of the Comité Aretique International. Pp. 402-426. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
   Google Scholar
• Syvertsen, E. E. 1991: Ice algae in the Barents Sea: types of assemblages, origin and role in the ice edge phytoplankton bloom. In E. Sakshaug, E. et al. (eds): Proceeding of the Pro Mare Symposium on Polar Marine Ecology, Trondheim, 12-16 May 1990. Polar Res. 10, 277–287.
   Google Scholar
• Utermöhl, E. 1958: Zur Vervolkommnung der quantitativen Phytoplankton-Methodik. (On improving the quantitative method for phytoplankton counts.) Mitteilungen der inter-nationalen Vereinigung fur theoretisclze und Angewandte Linmologie 9,1–38.
   Google Scholar
• Venrick, E. 1988: The vertical distribution of chlorophyll and phytoplankton in the North Pacific central environment. J. Plankton Res. 10, 987–998.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venrick, E. 1990: Phytoplankton in an oligotrophic ocean: species structure and interannual variability. Ecology 7/, 1547-1563.
   Google Scholar
• Villafafie, V., Helbling, E. W. & Holm-Hansen, O. 1993: Phytoplankton around Elephant Island, Antarctica. Distribu-tion, biomass and composition. Polar Biol. 13, 183–191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinje, T. & Kvambekk, A. S. 1991: Barents Sea drift ice characteristics. In E. Sakshaug et al. (eds.): Proceeding of the Pro Mare Symposium on Polar Marine Ecology, Trondheim, 12-16 May 1990. Polar Res. 10, 59–68.
   Google Scholar
• Weeks, A. R., Fasham, M. J. R., Aiken, J., Harbour., D. S., Read, J. F. & Bellani, I. 1995: The spatial and temporal development of the Atlantic spring bloom during the JGOFS North Atlantic bloom experiment, 1989.1 Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 73, 253–282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weslawski, J. M., Kwasniewski, S. & Wiktor, J. 1993: Species communities and concentration of plankton. In K. Korze-niewski (ed.): Polar marine research (2). The results of Polish oceanographic investigations on interannual varia-bility of the Greenland Sea energoactive zones. Pp 181-196. Sopot, Poland: Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Science.
   Google Scholar