1,856
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research/review articles

The significant inputs of trace elements and rare earth elements from melting glaciers in Antarctic coastal waters

, &
Article: 24289 | Published online: 07 May 2015

References

  • Ahn I.Y., Chung H., Kang J.S., Kang S.H. Diatom composition and biomass variability in nearshore waters of Maxwell Bay, Antarctica, during the 1992/1993 austral summer. Polar Biology. 1997; 17: 123–130.
  • Alderkamp A.C., Mills M.M., van Dijken G.L., Laan P., Thuróczy C.E., Gerringa L.J.A., de Baar H.J.W., Payne C.D., Visser R.J.W., Buma A.G.J. Iron from melting glaciers fuels phytoplankton blooms in the Amundsen Sea (Southern Ocean): phytoplankton characteristics and productivity. Deep-Sea Research Part II. 2012; 71: 32–48.
  • Ardelan M.V., Holm-Hansen O., Hewes C.D., Reiss C.S., Silva N.S., Dulaiova H., Steinnes E., Sakshaug E. Natural iron enrichment around the Antarctic Peninsula in the Southern Ocean. Biogeosciences. 2010; 7: 11–25.
  • Bhatia M.P., Kujawinski E.B., Das S.B., Breier C.F., Henderson P.B., Charette M.A. Greenland meltwater as a significant and potentially bioavailable source of iron to the ocean. Nature Geoscience. 2013; 6: 274–278.
  • Bindschadler R., Rignot E. “Crack!” in the polar night. Eos, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union. 2001; 82: 497–505.
  • Boutron C.F., Candelone J.P., Hong S. Past and recent changes in the large-scale tropospheric cycles of lead and other heavy metals as documented in Antarctic and Greenland snow and ice: a review. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 1994; 58: 3217–3225.
  • Buma A.G.J., de Baar H.J.W., Nolting R.F., van Bennekom A.J. Metal enrichment experiments in the Weddell–Scotia seas: effects of iron and manganese on various plankton communities. Limnology and Oceanography. 1991; 36: 1865–1878.
  • Coale K.H., Wang X., Tanner S.J., Johnson K.S. Phytoplankton growth and biological response to iron and zinc addition in the Ross Sea and Antarctic Circumpolar Current along 170 W. Deep-Sea Research Part II. 2003; 50: 635–653.
  • Cook A.J., Vaughan D.G. Overview of areal changes of the ice shelves on the Antarctic Peninsula over the past 50 years. The Cryosphere Discussions. 2009; 3: 579–630.
  • de Baar H.J.W., de Jong J.T.M., Bakker D.C.E., Löscher B.M., Veth C., Bathmann U., Smetacek V. Importance of iron for plankton blooms and carbon dioxide drawdown in the Southern Ocean. Nature. 1995; 373: 412–415.
  • de Baar H.J.W., Saager P.M., Nolting R.F., van der Meer J. Cadmium versus phosphate in the world ocean. Marine Chemistry. 1994; 46: 261–281.
  • de Jong J., Schoemann V., Lannuzel D., Croot P., de Baar H., Tison J.L. Natural iron fertilization of the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean by continental shelf sources of the Antarctic Peninsula. Journal of Geophysical Research—Biogeosciences. 2012; 117 G01029, doi: 10.1029/2011JG001679.
  • de Jong J., Schoemann V., Maricq N., Mattielli N., Langhorne P., Haskell T., Tison J.L. Iron in land-fast sea ice of McMurdo Sound derived from sediment resuspension and wind-blown dust attributes to primary productivity in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Marine Chemistry. 2013; 157: 24–40.
  • Dittmar T., Hertkorn N., Kattner G., Lara R.J. Mangroves, a major source of dissolved organic carbon to the oceans. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 2006; 20 GB1012, doi: 10.1029/2005GB002570.
  • Dulaiova H., Ardelan M., Henderson P.B., Charette M.A. Shelf-derived iron inputs drive biological productivity in the southern Drake Passage. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 2009; 23 GB4014, doi: 10.1029/2008GB003406.
  • Edwards R., Sedwick P.N., Morgan V., Boutron C.F., Hong S. Iron in ice cores from Law Dome, East Antarctica: implications for past deposition of aerosol iron. Annals of Glaciology. 1998; 27: 365–370.
  • Elderfield H., Upstill-Goddard R., Sholkovitz E.R. The rare earth elements in rivers, estuaries, and coastal seas and their significance to the composition of ocean waters. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 1990; 54: 971–991.
  • Fitzwater S., Johnson K., Gordon R., Coale K., Smith W. Trace metal concentrations in the Ross Sea and their relationship with nutrients and phytoplankton growth. Deep-Sea Research Part II. 2000; 47: 3159–3179.
  • Gabrielli P., Barbante C., Boutron C., Cozzi G., Gaspari V., Planchon F., Ferrari C., Turetta C., Hong S., Cescon P. Variations in atmospheric trace elements in Dome C (East Antarctica) ice over the last two climatic cycles. Atmospheric Environment. 2005; 39: 6420–6429.
  • Gabrielli P., Wegner A., Petit J.R., Delmonte B., de Deckker P., Gaspari V., Fischer H., Ruth U., Kriews M., Boutron C. A major glacial–interglacial change in aeolian dust composition inferred from rare earth elements in Antarctic ice. Quaternary Science Reviews. 2010; 29: 265–273.
  • Gaiero D.M., Depetris P.J., Probst J.L., Bidart S.M., Leleyter L. The signature of river- and wind-borne materials exported from Patagonia to the southern latitudes: a view from REEs and implications for paleoclimatic interpretations. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 2004; 219: 357–376.
  • Gerringa L.J.A., Alderkamp A.C., Laan P., Thuroczy C.E., de Baar H.J.W., Mills M.M., van Dijken G.L., van Haren H., Arrigo K.R. Iron from melting glaciers fuels the phytoplankton blooms in Amundsen Sea (Southern Ocean): iron biogeochemistry. Deep-Sea Research Part II. 2012; 71: 16–31.
  • Gordon L.I., Jennings J.C., Jr, Ross A.A., Krest J.M. A suggested protocol for continuous flow automated analysis of seawater nutrients (phosphate, nitrate, nitrite and silicic acid) in the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint Global Ocean Fluxes Study. 1993; Corvallis, OR: World Ocean Circulation Experiment Hydrographic Program Office, Oregon State University. Methods Manual WHPO91–1.
  • Hendry K.R., Rickaby R.E., de Hoog J., Weston K., Rehkämper M. Cadmium and phosphate in coastal Antarctic seawater: implications for Southern Ocean nutrient cycling. Marine Chemistry. 2008; 112: 149–157.
  • Hong S., Boutron C.F., Edwards R., Morgan V.I. Heavy metals in Antarctic ice from Law Dome: initial results. Environmental Research. 1998; 78: 94–103. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Jacobs S.S., Jenkins A., Giulivi C.F., Dutrieux P. Stronger ocean circulation and increased melting under Pine Island Glacier ice shelf. Nature Geoscience. 2011; 4: 519–523.
  • Jeong J., Kim G., Han S. Influence of trace element fluxes from submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) on their inventories in coastal waters off volcanic island, Jeju, Korea. Applied Geochemistry. 2012; 27: 37–43.
  • Khazendar A., Schodlok M.P., Fenty I., Ligtenberg S.R.M., Rignot E., van den Broeke M.R. Observed thinning of Totten Glacier is linked to coastal polynya variability. Nature Communications. 2013; 4 article no. 2857, doi: 10.1038/ncomms3857.
  • Khim B.K., Park B.K., Yoon H.I. Oxygen isotopic compositions of seawater in the Maxwell Bay of King George Island, West Antarctica. Geosciences Journal. 1997; 1: 115–121.
  • Kim I., Kim G. Large fluxes of rare earth elements through submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) from a volcanic island, Jeju, Korea. Marine Chemistry. 2011; 127: 12–19.
  • Klöser H., Ferreyra G., Schloss I., Mercuri G., Laturnus F., Curtosi A. Seasonal variation of algal growth conditions in sheltered Antarctic bays: the example of Potter Cove (King George Island, South Shetlands). Journal of Marine Systems. 1993; 4: 289–301.
  • Lee J.M., Boyle E.A., Echegoyen-Sanz Y., Fitzsimmons J.N., Zhang R., Kayser R.A. Analysis of trace metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, and Fe) in seawater using single batch nitrilotriacetate resin extraction and isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2011; 686: 93–101. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Lewis B.L., Landing W.M. The biogeochemistry of manganese and iron in the Black Sea. Deep-Sea Research Part A. 1991; 38: S773–S803.
  • Lin H., Rauschenberg S., Hexel C.R., Shaw T.J., Twining B.S. Free-drifting icebergs as sources of iron to the Weddell Sea. Deep-Sea Research Part II. 2011; 58: 1392–1406.
  • Liu X., Millero F.J. The solubility of iron in seawater. Marine Chemistry. 2002; 77: 43–54.
  • Long D.G., Ballantyn J., Bertoia C. Is the number of Antarctic icebergs really increasing?. Eos, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union. 2002; 83: 469–474.
  • Löscher B.M. Relationships among Ni, Cu, Zn, and major nutrients in the Southern Ocean. Marine Chemistry. 1999; 67: 67–102.
  • Löscher B.M., de Baar H.J.W., de Jong J.T.M., Veth C., Dehairs F. The distribution of Fe in the Antarctic circumpolar current. Deep-Sea Research Part II. 1997; 44: 143–187.
  • Luckman A., Padman L., Jansen D. Persistent iceberg groundings in the western Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Remote Sensing of Environment. 2010; 114: 385–391.
  • Maher B.A., Dennis P.F. Evidence against dust-mediated control of glacial–interglacial changes in atmospheric CO2 . Nature. 2001; 411: 176–180. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Martin J.H. Glacial-interglacial CO2 change: the iron hypothesis. Paleoceanography. 1990; 5: 1–13.
  • Milne A., Landing W., Bizimis M., Morton P. Determination of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in seawater using high resolution magnetic sector inductively coupled mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS). Analytica Chimica Acta. 2010; 665: 200–207. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Nozaki Y., Lerche D., Alibo D.S., Tsutsumi M. Dissolved indium and rare earth elements in three Japanese rivers and Tokyo Bay: evidence for anthropogenic Gd and In. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 2000; 64: 3975–3982.
  • Öztürk M. Trends of trace metal (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) distributions at the oxic–anoxic interface and in sulfidic water of the Drammensfjord. Marine Chemistry. 1995; 48: 329–342.
  • Öztürk M., Bizsel N., Steinnes E. Iron speciation in eutrophic and oligotrophic Mediterranean coastal waters; impact of phytoplankton and protozoan blooms on iron distribution. Marine Chemistry. 2003; 81: 19–36.
  • Pritchard H.D., Ligtenberg S.R.M., Fricker H.A., Vaughan D.G., van den Broeke M.R., Padman L. Antarctic ice-sheet loss driven by basal melting of ice shelves. Nature. 2012; 484: 502–505. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Raiswell R. Iceberg-hosted nanoparticulate Fe in the Southern Ocean: mineralogy, origin, dissolution kinetics and source of bioavailable Fe. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 2011; 58: 1364–1375.
  • Raiswell R., Benning L.G., Tranter M., Tulaczyk S. Bioavailable iron in the Southern Ocean: the significance of the iceberg conveyor belt. Geochemical Transactions. 2008; 9 7, doi: 10.1186/1467-4866-9-7.
  • Rignot E., Jacobs S., Mouginot J., Scheuchl B. Ice-shelf melting around Antarctica. Science. 2013; 341: 266–270. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Rignot E., Steffen K. Channelized bottom melting and stability of floating ice shelves. Geophysical Research Letters. 2008; 35 article no. 7, doi: 10.1029/2007GL031765.
  • Rignot E., Thomas R.H. Mass balance of polar ice sheets. Science. 2002; 297: 1502–1506. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Rignot E., Velicogna I., van den Broeke M.R., Monaghan A., Lenaerts J. Acceleration of the contribution of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to sea level rise. Geophysical Research Letters. 2011; 38 L05503, doi: 10.1029/2011GL046583.
  • Saito M.A., Goepfert T.J., Noble A.E., Bertrand E.M., Sedwick P.N., DiTullio G.R. A seasonal study of dissolved cobalt in the Ross Sea, Antarctica: micronutrient behavior, absence of scavenging, and relationships with Zn, Cd, and P. Biogeosciences. 2010; 7: 4059–4082.
  • Sanudo-Wilhelmy S., Olsen K., Scelfo J., Foster T., Flegal A. Trace metal distributions off the Antarctic Peninsula in the Weddell Sea. Marine Chemistry. 2002; 77: 157–170.
  • Scambos T.A., Hulbe C., Fahnestock M., Bohlander J. The link between climate warming and break-up of ice shelves in the Antarctic Peninsula. Journal of Glaciology. 2000; 46: 516–530.
  • Schodlok M.P., Hellmer H.H., Rohardt G., Fahrbach E. Weddell Sea iceberg drift: five years of observations. Journal of Geophysical Research—Oceans. 2006; 111 article no. C06018, doi: 10.1029/2004JC002661.
  • Schwarz J.N., Schodlok M.P. Impact of drifting icebergs on surface phytoplankton biomass in the Southern Ocean: ocean colour remote sensing and in situ iceberg tracking. Deep-Sea Research Part I. 2009; 56: 1727–1741.
  • Shaw T.J., Raiswell R., Hexel C.R., Vu H.P., Moore W.S., Dudgeon R., Smith K.R. Input, composition, and potential impact of terrigenous material from free-drifting icebergs in the Weddell Sea. Deep-Sea Research Part II. 2011; 58: 1376–1383.
  • Shim J.G., Kang Y.C., Kang D.J., Han M.W. Fluxes and budgets of biogenic elements at the sediment–water interface of Marian Cove, King George Island. Antarctic Science. 2011; 1: 1–11.
  • Smith K.L. Jr., Robison B.H., Helly J.J., Kaufmann R.S., Ruhl H.A., Shaw T.J., Twining B.S., Vernet M. Free-drifting icebergs: hot spots of chemical and biological enrichment in the Weddell Sea. Science. 2007; 317: 478–482. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Statham P.J., Skidmore M., Tranter M. Inputs of glacially derived dissolved and colloidal iron to the coastal ocean and implications for primary productivity. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 2008; 22 GB3013, doi: 10.1029/2007GB003106.
  • Sunda W.G., Huntsman S.A. Interrelated influence of iron, light and cell size on marine phytoplankton growth. Nature. 1997; 390: 389–392.
  • Taylor S.R., McLennan S.M. The continental crust: its composition and evolution. 1985; Oxford: Blackwell Scientific.
  • Thuróczy C.E., Alderkamp A.C., Laan P., Gerringa L.J., Mills M.M., Van Dijken G.L., de Baar H.J.W., Arrigo K.R. Key role of organic complexation of iron in sustaining phytoplankton blooms in the Pine Island and Amundsen polynyas (Southern Ocean). Deep-Sea Research Part II. 2012; 71: 49–60.
  • Velicogna I., Wahr J. Measurements of time-variable gravity show mass loss in Antarctica. Science. 2006; 311: 1754–1756. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Westerlund S., Öhman P. Cadmium, copper, cobalt, nickel, lead, and zinc in the water column of the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 1991; 55: 2127–2146.
  • Williams R.N., Rees W.G., Young N.W. A technique for the identification and analysis of icebergs in synthetic aperture radar images of Antarctica. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 1999; 20: 3183–3199.
  • Yoo K.C., Yoon H.I., Oh J.K., Kang C.Y., Khim B.K. Water column structure and dispersal pattern of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in a floating ice-dominated fjord. Marian Cove, Antarctica during austral summer. The Sea. 2000; 5: 295–304.
  • Yoon H.I., Park B.K., Domack E.W., Kim Y. Distribution and dispersal pattern of suspended particulate matter in Maxwell Bay and its tributary, Marian Cove, in the South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica. Marine Geology. 1998; 152: 261–275.