Large-scale Tropical Atlantic surface circulation patterns associated with Subsaharan weather anomalies

References

• Angell, J. K. and Korshover, J. 1974. Quasi-biennial and long-term fluctuations in centers of action. Mon. Weather Rev. 102, 669–678.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryson, R. A. 1973. Drought in the Sahelia: who or what is to blame? The Ecologist 3,366–371.
   Google Scholar
• Bunting, A. H., Dennett, M. D., Elston, J. and Milford, J. R. 1976. Rainfall trends in the West African Sahel. Quart. J. R. Met. Soc. 102,59–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charney, J. G. 1975. Dynamics of deserts and drought in the Sahel. Quart. J. R. Met. Soc. 101, 193–202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charney, J. G., Stone, P. H. and Quirk, W. J. 1975. Drought in the Sahara: A biogeophysical feedback mechanism. Science 187, 434–435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davy, E. G. 1974. Drought in West Africa. W. M. O. Bull. 23, 18–23.
   Google Scholar
• ESSA. 1966-1970. Monthly climatic data for the World, 1966-1970. Asheville, N.C.
   Google Scholar
• ESSA. 1967. World weather records, 1951-60, vol. 5 (Africa). Washington D.C
   Google Scholar
• Grove, A. T. 1972. Climatic change in Africa in the last 20,000 years. Les Problemes de Development du Sahara Septentrional, vol. 2, Alger.
   Google Scholar
• Grove, A. T. 1973. A note on the remarkably low rainfall of the Sudan in 1913. Savanna 2, 133–138.
   Google Scholar
• Hantel, M. 1970. Monthly charts of surface wind vergence over the Tropical Indian Ocean. Bonner Met. Abhandl. 14, 31–79.
   Google Scholar
• Hastenrath, S. 1976. Variations in low-latitude cir-culation and extreme climatic events in the Tropical Americas. J. A tmos. Sci. 33, 202–215.
   Google Scholar
• Hastenrath, S. L. and Lamb, P. J. 1977. Climatic Atlas of the Tropical Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Oceans. The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, S. P. 1961. Climatological Atlas of Africa. Government Printer, Pretoria.
   Google Scholar
• Jenkinson, A. 1973. A note on variations in May to September rainfall in West African marginal areas. Drought in Africa (Dalby, D. and Harrison-Church, R. J., eds.), 31-32. School of Oriental and African Studies, London.
   Google Scholar
• Lamb, H. H. 1973. Some comments on atmospheric pressure variations in the Northern Hemisphere. Drought in Africa (Dalby, D. and Harrison-Church, R. J., eds.), 27-28. School of Oriental and African Studies, London.
   Google Scholar
• Lamb, P. J. 1977. On the surface climatology of the Tropical Atlantic. Arch. Met. Geoph. Biokl., Ser. B 25,21–31.
   Google Scholar
• Lamb, P. J. 1978. Case studies of Tropical Atlantic surface circulation patterns during recent Subsaharan weather anomalies: 1967 and 1968. Mon. Weather Rev. 106,482–491.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landsberg, H. E. 1973. An analysis of the annual rainfall at Dakar (Senegal) 1887-1972. Institute for Fluid Dynamics and Applied Mathematics Paper, University of Maryland.
   Google Scholar
• Landsberg, H. E. 1975a. Sahel drought: Change of climate or part of climate? Arch. Met. Geophy. BiokL, Ser. B, 23, 193–200.
   Google Scholar
• Landsberg, H. E. 197.5b. Drought, a recurrent element of climate. Drought, W.M.O. Special Environmental Report No. 5 (W.M.O.-No. 403), 41–90.
   Google Scholar
• Miles, M. K. and Follard, C. K. 1974. Changes in the latitude of the climatic zones of the Northern Hemisphere. Nature 252, 616.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NOAA. 1971-74. Monthly climatic data for the World, 1971-74. Asheville, N.C.
   Google Scholar
• Ramage, C. S. 1974. Structure of an oceanic near-equatorial trough deduced from research aircraft traverses. Mon. Weather Rev. 102, 754–759.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramage, C. S., Miller, F. R. and Jefferies, C. 1972. Meteorological Atlas of the International Indian Ocean Expedition, vol. 1. National Science Foun-dation, Washington D.C
   Google Scholar
• Ripley, E. A. 1976a. Drought in the Sahara: Insufficient biogeophysical feedback? Science 191, 100.
   Google Scholar
• Ripley, E. A. 1976b. Comments on the paper “Dynamics of deserts and drought in the Sahel” by J. G. Charney. Quart. J. R. Met. Soc. 102, 466–467.
   Google Scholar
• Rowntree, P. R. 1976. Response of the atmosphere to a tropical Atlantic ocean temperature anomaly. Quart. J. R. Met. Soc. 102,607–625.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saur, J. F. T. 1963. A study of the quality of sea water temperatures reported in the logs of ships' weather observations. J. Appl. Met. 2, 417–425.
   Google Scholar
• Sawyer, J. S. 1974. Research in the atmospheric sciences-where next? W. M. O. Bull. 23, 9–13.
   Google Scholar
• Smithsonian Institution. 1927. World weather records (Clayton, H. H., ed.). Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 79.
   Google Scholar
• Smithsonian Institution. 1934. World weather records 1921-30 (Clayton, H. H., ed.). Smithsonian Miscel-laneous Collections, 90.
   Google Scholar
• Smithsonian Institution. 1947. World weather records 1931-40 (Clayton, H. H. and Clayton, F. L., eds.). Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 105.
   Google Scholar
• Tanaka, M., Weare, B. C., Navato, A. R. and Newell, R. E. 1975. Recent African rainfall patterns. Nature 255, 201–203.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Weather Bureau. 1957-65. Monthly climatic data for the World, 1957-65. Asheville, N.C.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Weather Bureau. 1959. World weather records 1941-50. Washington D.C
   Google Scholar
• Verploegh, G. 1967. Observation and analysis of the surface wind over the ocean. Mededelingen en Verhandelingen 89.
   Google Scholar
• Winstanley, D. 1973a. Recent rainfall trends in Africa, the Middle East and India. Nature 243,464–465.
   Google Scholar
• Winstanley, D. 1973b. Rainfall patterns and the general atmospheric circulation. Nature 245, 190–194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, C. A. and Lovett, R. R. 1974. Rainfall, drought and the solar cycle. Nature 251, 594–596.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Meteorological Organisation-ICSU. 1975. The physical basis of climate and climatic modelling. GARP Publication Series 16.
   Google Scholar