457
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

A two-dimensional, seasonal, energy balance climate model with continents and ice sheets: testing the Milankovitch theory

&
Pages 120-131 | Received 17 Nov 1982, Accepted 27 Mar 1983, Published online: 15 Dec 2016

References

  • Barron, E. J., Thompson, S. L. and Schneider, S. H. 1981. An ice-free Cretacious? Results from model studies. Sdence 212, 501–508.
  • Berger, A. L. 1978. Long term variations of daily insolation and quaternary climatic changes. J. Atmos. Sci. 35, 2363–2367.
  • Birchfield, G. E. 1977. A study of the stability of a model continental ice sheet subject to periodic variation in heat input. Geophys. Res. 82, 4909–4913.
  • Birchfield, G. E., Weertman, J. and Lunde, A. T. 1981. A paleoclimate model of northern hemisphere ice sheets. Quaternary Res. 15, 126–142.
  • Bowman, K. P. 1982. Sensitivity of an annual mean diffusive energy balance model with an ice sheet. J. Geophys. Res. 87, 9667–9674.
  • Budyko, M. I. 1969. The effect of solar radiation variation on the climate of the earth. Tellus 21, 611–619.
  • Burrett, C. F. 1982. Phanerozoic land-sea and albedo variations as climate controls. Nature 296, 54–56.
  • miliani, C. A. 1978. The cause of the ice ages. Earth and Planet. Set Lett. 37, 349–352.
  • Hayder, Md. E. 1982. A two-dimensional, seasonal, energy balance climate model with continents and ice sheets: Testing the Milankovitch theory of ice ages, M.S. Thesis, Mechanical Engineering, Tulane University.
  • Hays, J. D., Imbrie, J. and Shackleton, N. J. 1976. Variation in the earth's orbit: Pacemaker of the ice ages. Science 194, 1121–1132.
  • Kukla, G. J. 1978. Recent changes in snow and ice. In: Climatic change (ed.John Gribbin). Cambridge Univ. Press, 114–129.
  • Mayewski, P. A., Denton, G. H. and Hughes, T. J. 1981. Late Wisconsin ice sheets in North America. In: The last great ice sheets (ed. G. H. Denton and T. J. Hughes). Wiley Interscience, 67–170.
  • Milankovitch, M. 1941. Canon of insolation and the ice age problem. Belgrade: Royal Serbian Academy. Special Publication 133, 482 pp. Translated by Israel Program for Scientific Translation, Jerusalem, 1969.
  • North, G. R. 1975. Analytical solution to a simple climate model with diffusive heat transport. J. Atmos. Sci. 32, 1301–1307.
  • North, G. R., Cahalan, R. F. and Coakley, J. A. 1981. Energy-balance climate models. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 19, 91–121.
  • North, G. R. and Coakley, J. A. 1979. Differences between seasonal and mean annual energy balance model calculations of climate and climate sensitivity. J. Atmos. Sci. 36, 1189–1204.
  • North, G. R., Mengel, J. G. and Short, D. A. 1982. Continentality and the Milankovitch theory of the ice ages: Experiments with a simple model. Presented at the G.S.A. 1982 Spring Meeting, Philadelphia, May 31-June 4, 1982.
  • Oerlemans, J. 1980. Model experiments on the 100,000-yr. glacial cycle. Nature 287, 430–432.
  • Oerlemans, J. 1981. Some basic experiments with a vertically-integrated ice sheet model. Tellus 33, 1–11.
  • Pollard, D. 1982. A simple ice sheet model yields realistic 100 kyr glacial cycles. Nature 296, 334–338.
  • Pollard, D., Ingersoll, A. D. and Lockwood, J. L. 1980. Response of a zonal climate ice sheet model to the orbital perturbations during the quaternary ice ages. Tellus 32, 301–319.
  • Ruddiman, W. F. and McIntyre, A. 1981. Oceanic mechanisms for amplification of 23,000 year ice volume cycle. Science 212, 617–627.
  • Schnitker, D. 1983. Climate variability and deep ocean circulation: Evidence from the North Atlantic. Paleogeography, Pakoclimatology, and Pakoecology, accepted for publication.
  • Suarez, M. J. and Held, I. M. 1979. The sensitivity of an energy balance climate model to variations in the orbital parameters. J. Geophys. Res. 84, 4825–4836.
  • Sverdrup, H. V. 1939. Lateral mixing in the deep water of the South Atlantic Ocean. J. Mar. Res. 2, 195–207.
  • Tanner, W. F. 1968. Cause and development of an ice age. Meterol. Monogr. 8, 126–127.
  • Weertman, J. 1976. Milankovitch solar radiation variations and ice-age ice-sheet sizes Nature 261, 17–20.
  • Winston, J. S., Gruber, A., Gary, T., Varnadore, M., Earnest, C. and Annefio, L. M. 1979. Earth-atmosphere radiation budget analysis derived from NOAA satellite data—June 1974-February 1978, Vol. I. U.S. Department of Commerce.