97
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Reinterpretation of cloud-topped mixed-layer entrainment closure

Pages 215-225 | Received 03 Jun 1986, Accepted 05 Nov 1986, Published online: 15 Dec 2016

References

  • Albrecht, B. A., Penc, R. S. and Schubert, W. H. 1985. An observational study of cloud-topped mixed layers. J. Atmos. Sci. 41, 800–822.
  • Ball, F. K. 1960. Control of inversion height by surface heating. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 86, 483–494.
  • Bean, B. R., Gilmer, R. O., Hartman, R. F., McGavin, R. E. and Reinking, R. F. 1976. Airborne measurement of vertical boundary layer fluxes of water vapor, sensible heat and momentum during GATE. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL WMPO-36. NOAA/ERL, Boulder, CO, 83 pp.
  • Betts, A. K. 1973. Non-precipitating cumulus convection and its parameterization. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 99, 178–196.
  • Brost, R. A., Wyngaard, J. C. and Lenschow, D. H. 1982. Marine stratocumulus layers. Part II: Turbulence budgets. J. Atmos. Sci. 39,818–836.
  • Busch, N. E. 1973. On the mechanics of atmospheric turbulence. In: Workshop on Micrometeorology, Ed. D. A. Haugen, Am. Meteor. Soc., Boston, 1–68.
  • Carson, D. J. 1973. The development of a dry inversion-capped convectively unstable boundary layer. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 99, 450–467.
  • Caughey, S. J. G. 1982. Observed characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer. In: Atmospheric turbu-lence and air pollution modelling, F. T. M. Nieuwstadt and H. van Dop, eds., D. Reidel Publishing, Dodrecht, pp.107–158.
  • Deardorff, J. W. 1976. On the entrainment rate of a stratocumulus-topped mixed layer. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 102, 563–582.
  • Deardorff, J. W. 1980. Cloud top entrainment instability. J. Atmos. Sci. 37, 131–147.
  • Deardorff, J. W. 1983. A multilimit mixed-layer entrainment formulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 13, 988–1002.
  • Fiedler, B. H. 1984. The mesoscale stability of entrainment into cloud-topped mixed layers. J. Atmos. Sci. 41, 92–101.
  • Hanson, H. P. 1979. Response of subtropical marine boundary-layer cloudiness to large-scale forcing. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 148 pp.
  • Hanson, H. P. 1982. Note on mixed-layer entrainment closure. J. Atmos. Sci. 39, 470–473.
  • Hanson, H. P. 1984a. On mixed-layer modeling of the stratocumulus-topped marine boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci. 41, 1226–1234.
  • Hanson, H. P. 1984b. Stratocumulus instability reconsidered: a search for physical mechanisms. Tellus 36, 355–368.
  • Hanson, H. P. 1987. Radiative/turbulent transfer interactions in layer clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 44, in press.
  • Khalsa, S. J. S. and Greenhut, G. K. 1985a. Conditional sampling of updrafts and downdrafts in the marine atmospheric boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci. 42, 2550–2562.
  • Khalsa, S. J. S. and Greenhut, G. K. 1985b. Conditional sampling of penetrative updrafts and entraining downdrafts near the top of the marine atmospheric boundary layer. Seventh Symposium on Turbulence and Diffusion of the American Meteorological Society, Extended Abstracts, 55–58.
  • Kraus, E. B. and Turner, J. S. 1967. A one-dimensional model of the seasonal thermocline: II. The general theory and its consequences. Tellus 19, 98–106.
  • Kraus, H. and Schaller, E. 1978. A note on the closure in Lilly-type inversion models. Tellus 30, 284–288.
  • Moeng, C.-H. 1985. An application of large-eddy simulation to mixed-layer modeling. Seventh Symposium on Turbulence and Diffusion of the American Meteorological Society, Extended Abstracts, 353–356.
  • Nicholls, S. 1984. The dynamics of stratocumulus: aircraft observations and comparisons with a mixed-layer model. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 110, 783–820.
  • Nicholls, S. and Leighton, J. 1986. An observational study of the structure of stratiform cloud sheets. Part I. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 112, 431–460.
  • Nicholls, S. and Turton, J. D. 1986. An observational study of the structure of stratiform cloud sheets. Part II. Entrainment. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 112, 461–480.
  • Nieuwstadt, F. T. M. and Businger, J. A. 1984. Radiative cooling near the top of a cloudy mixed layer. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 110, 1073–1078.
  • Niiler, P. P. and Kraus, E. B. 1977. One-dimensional models of the upper ocean. In: Modelling and Prediction of the Upper Layers of the Ocean, Ed. E. B. Kraus, Pergamon, Oxford, 143–172.
  • Randall, D. A. 1980a. Conditional stability of the first kind upside-down. J. Atmos. Sci. 37, 125–130.
  • Randall, D. A. 1980b. Entrainment into a strato-cumulus layer with distributed radiat) ve cooling. J. Atmos. Sci. 37, 148–159.
  • Randall, D. A. 1984. Buoyant production and consumption of turbulence kinetic energy in cloud-topped mixed layers. J. Atmos. Sci. 41, 402–413.
  • Schubert, W. H. 1976. Experiments with Lilly's cloud-topped mixed layer model. J. Atmos. Sci. 33, 436–446.
  • Stage, S. A. 1979. A Model for Modification of the Cloud-Topped Marine Boundary Layer during Cold Air Outbreak. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle, 280 pp.
  • Stage, S. A. and Businger, J. A. 1981a. A model for entrainment into a cloud-topped marine boundary layer. Part I: Model description and application to a cold-air outbreak episode. J. Atmos. Sci. 38, 2213–2229.
  • Stage, S. A. and Businger, J. A. 1981b. A model for entrainment into a cloud-topped marine boundary layer. Part II: Discussion of model behavior and comparison with other models. J. Atmos. Sci. 38, 2230–2242.
  • Stull, R. B. 1976. The energetics of entrainment across a density interface. J. Atmos. Sci. 33, 1260–1267. Tennekes, H. 1973. A model for the dynamics of the inversion above a convective boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci. 30, 558–567.
  • Wyngaard, J. C. and Brost, R. A. 1984. Top-down and bottom-up diffusion of a scalar in the convective boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci. 41, 102–112.