70
Views
25
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

An objective climatology of mobile troughs in the northern hemisphere

&
Pages 638-655 | Received 02 Sep 1994, Accepted 02 Jan 1995, Published online: 15 Dec 2016

  • Blackmon, M. L., Lau, N. C. and Mullen, S. L. 1977. An observational study of the northern hemisphere wintertime circulation. J. Atmos. Sc i. 34, 1040–1053.
  • Chang, E. K. M. 1993. Downstream development of baroclinic waves as inferred from regression analysis. J. Atmos. Sc i. 50, 2038–2053.
  • Chen, S. J., Kuo, Y. H., Zhang, P. Z. and Bai, Q. F. 1991. Synoptic climatology of cyclogenesis over East Asia. Mon. Wea. Re v. 119, 1407–1418.
  • Dean, D. 1993. A Northern Hemisphere climatology of 500 hPa trough merger and fracture. Master’s thesis, State University of New York at Albany, 234 pp.
  • Dey, C. H. 1989. The evolution of objective analysis methodology at the National Meteorological Center. Wea. and Forecasting 4, 297–312.
  • Klein, W. H. 1957. Principal tracks and mean frequencies of cyclones and anticyclones in the Northern Hemisphere. Research Paper No. 40, U. S. Weather Bureau, 60 pp.
  • Mass, C. F., Edmon, H. J., Friedman, H. J., Cheney, N. R. and Recker, E. E. 1987. The use of compact discs for the storage of large meteorological and oceano-graphic data sets. Bull. Amer. Met. Soc. 68, 1556–1558.
  • Orlanski, I. and Katzfey, J. 1991. The life cycle of a cyclone wave in the Southern Hemisphere.Part I: Eddy energy budget J. Atmos. Sc i. 48, 1972–1998.
  • Orlanski, I. and Chang, E. K. M. 1993. Ageostrophic geopotential fluxes in downstream and upstream development of baroclinic waves. J. Atmos. Sc i. 50, 212–225.
  • Orlanski, I. and Sheldon, J. 1993. A case of downstream baroclinic development over western North America. Mon. Wea. Re v. 121, 2929–2950.
  • Petterssen, S. 1955. A general survey of factors influencing development at sea level. J. Meteor. 12, 36–42.
  • Petterssen, S. 1956. Weather analysis and forecasting, vol. 1. Motion and motion systems. McGraw-Hill, 428 pp.
  • Petterssen, S. and Smebye, S. J. 1971. On the development of extratropical cyclones. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 97, 457–482.
  • Rivest, C., Davis, C. A. and Farrell, B. F. 1992. Upper-tropospheric synoptic-scale waves. Part I: maintenance as Eady normal modes. J. Atmos. Sc i. 49, 2108–2119.
  • Rivest, C. and Farrell, B. F. 1992. Upper-tropospheric synoptic-scale waves, Part II: maintenance and excitation of quasi modes. J. Amos. Sc i. 49, 2120–2138.
  • Sanders, F. 1986. Explosive cyclogenesis over the west-central North Atlantic Ocean, 1981-1984. Part I: Composite structure and mean behavior. Mon. Wea. Re v. 114, 1781–1794.
  • Sanders, F. 1988. Life history of mobile troughs in the upper westerlies. Mon. Wea. Re v. 116, 2629–2648.
  • Shuman, F. G. 1989. History of numerical weather prediction at the National Meteorological Center. Wea. and Forecasting 4,286–296.
  • Sinclair, M. R. 1994. An objective cyclone climatology for the southern hemisphere. Mon. Wea. Re v. 122, 2239–2256.
  • Staley, D. 0. 1988. Baroclinic instability in the upper troposphere. J. Atmos. Sc i. 45, 3298–3304.
  • Snyder, C. and Lindzen, R. S. 1988. Upper-level baroclinic instability. J. Atmos. Sc i. 45, 2445–2459.
  • Wallace, J. M., Lim, G. H. and Blackmon, M. L. 1988. Relationship between cyclone tracks, anticyclone tracks and baroclinic waveguides. J. Atmos. Sc i. 45, 439–462.
  • Wash, C. H., Peak, J. E., Calland, W. E. and Cook, W. A. 1988. Diagnostic study of explosive cyclogenesis during FGGE. Mon. Wea. Re v. 116, 431–451.
  • Whitaker, J. S. and Horn, L. H. 1984. Northern hemisphere extratropical cyclone activity for four mid-season months. J. Climatol. 4,297–310.
  • Whitaker, J. S. and Barcilon, A. 1992a. Type B cyclogenesis in a zonally varying flow. J. Atmos. Sc i. 49, 1877–1892.
  • Whitaker, J. S. and Barcilon, A. 1992b. Genesis of mobile troughs in the upper westerlies. J. Atmos. Sc i. 49, 2097–2107.
  • Zishica, K. M. and Smith, P. J. 1980. The climatology of cyclones and anticyclones over North America and surrounding ocean environs for January and July, 1950-77. Mon. Wea. Rev. 108, 387–401.