References
- Andersson, E., Haseler, J., Undén, P., Courtier, P., Kelly, G., Vasiljevié, D., Brankovié, C. Cardinali, C., Gaffard, C., Hollingsworth, A., Jakob, C., Janssen, P., Klinker, E., Lanzinger, A., Miller, M., Rabier, F., Simmons, A., Strauss, B., Thapaut, J.-N. and Viterbo, P. 1998. The ECMWF implementation of three dimensional vari-ational assimilation (3D-Var). Part III: Experimental results. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 124,1831–1860.
- Bouttier, F. and Courtier, P. 1998. Data assimilation concepts and methods. ECMWF Training Course Lec-ture Series. Available from ECMWF, Shinfield Park, RG2 9AX Reading, Berkshire, U.K.
- Buell, C. E. 1972. Correlation functions for wind and geopotential on isobaric surfaces. J. Appl. Meteorol. 11, 51–59.
- Courtier, P., Andersson, E., Heckley, W., Pailleux, J., Vasiljevié, D., Hamrud, M., Hollingsworth, A., Rabier, F. and Fisher, M. 1998. The ECMWF implementation of three dimensional variational assimilation (3D-Var). Part I: Formulation. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 124, 1783–1808.
- Daley, R. 1991. Atmospheric data analysis. Cambridge Atmospheric and Space Science Series. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-38215-7.457 pp.
- Derber, J. and Bouttier, F. 1999. A reformulation of the background error covariance in the ECMWF global data assimilation system. Tellus 51A, 195–221.
- Hollingsworth, A. and L6nnberg, P. 1986. The statistical structure of short-range forecast errors as determined from radiosonde data. Part I: The wind field. Tellus 38A, 111–136.
- Hollingsworth, A. and Lönnberg, P. 1989. The verifica-tion of objective analyses: diagnostics of analysis system performance. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. 40,3–27.
- Julian, P. R. and Thiebaux, H. J. 1975. On some proper-ties of correlation functions used in optimum inter-polation schemes. Mon. Wea. Re v. 103,605–616.
- Järvinen, H., Andersson, E. and Bouttier, F. 1999. Vari-ational assimilation of time sequences of surface obser-vations with serially correlated errors. Tellus 51A, 469–488.
- Lönnberg, P. and Hollingsworth, A. 1986. The statistical structure of short-range forecast errors as determined from radiosonde Data. Part II: The covariance of height and wind errors. Tellus 38A, 137–161.
- Ménard, R. and Daley, R. 1996. The application of Kalman smoother theory to the estimation of 4DVAR error statistics. Tellus 48A, 221–237.
- Rabier, F. and Courtier, P. 1992. Four-dimensional assimilation in the presence of baroclinic instability. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 118,649–672.
- Rabier, F., Mahfouf, J.-F., Fisher, M., Järvinen, H., Sim-mons, A., Andersson, E., Bouttier, F., Courtier, P., Hamrud, M., Haseler, J., Hollingsworth, A., Isaksen, L., Klinker, E., Saarinen, S., Temperton, C., Thépaut, J.-N., Unden, P. and Vasiljevic, D. 1997. Recent experimentation on 4D-Var and first results from a simplified Kalman filter. ECMWF Tech Memo 240. Available from ECMWF.
- Rabier, F., McNally, A., Andersson, E., Courtier, P., Undén, P., Eyre, J., Hollingsworth, A. and Bouttier, F. 1998. The ECMWF implementation of three dimen-sional variational assimilation (3D-Var). Part II: Structure functions. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 124, 1809–1829.
- Rabier, F., Järvinen, H., Klinker, E., Mahfouf, J.-F. and Simmons, A. 2000. The ECMWF operational imple-mentation of four dimensional variational assimila-tion. Part I: Experimental results with simplified physics. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 126, 1143–1170.
- Rutherford, I. O. 1972. Data assimilation by statistical interpolation of forecast error fields. J. Atmos. Sci. 29, 809–815.
- Savijärvi, H. 1995. Error growth in large numerical forecast systems. Mon. Wea. Rev. 123, 212–221.
- Tanguay, M., Bartello, P. and P. Gauthier, 1995: Four-dimensional data assimilation with wide range of scales. Tellus 47A, 974–997.
- Thépaut, J.-N., Courtier, P., Belaud, G. and Lemaitre, G. 1996. Dynamical structure functions in a four-dimensional variational assimilation: a case study. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 122, 535–561.