53
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Chemical composition of clouds at Mt. Mitchell, North Carolina, USA

&
Pages 41-53 | Received 12 Nov 1990, Accepted 10 Jul 1991, Published online: 18 Jan 2017

References

  • Aneja, V. P., Claiborn, C. S., Chiswell, S., Bradow, R. L., Paur, R. J. and Baumgardner, R. 1988. Dynamic chemical characterization of montane clouds. Air Pollution Control Association Annual Meeting, Paper No. 88-129.2, Dallas, Texas.
  • Aneja, V. P., Claibom, C. S. and Bradow, R. L., Paur, R. J. and Baumgardner, R. 1990. Dynamic chemical characterization of montane clouds. Atmospheric Environment 24A, 563–572
  • Aneja, V. P., Businger, S., Li, Z., Claibom, C. S. and Murthy, A. 1991. Ozone climatology at high elevations in the southern Appalachians. J. Geophys. Res. 96, 1007–1021.
  • Blank, L. W. 1985. A new type of forest decline in Germany. Nature 314, 311–314.
  • Bradow, R. L. and Aneja, V. P. 1988. Aerosol composition effects on mountain clouds. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Atmospheric Aerosols and Nucleation (ed. P. E. Wagner and G. Vail), Univ. of Vienna, Austria, Springer-Verlag publisher, 309, 40–43.
  • Bressan, D. J. 1976. Naval Research Laboratory Review for 1975, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 120–122.
  • Bressan, D. J. and Larson, R. E. 1979. The history of air forming various marine fogs off Nova Scotia in August 1975. J. Geophys. Res. 84, 1746–1754.
  • Dasch, J. M. 1988. Hydrological and chemical inputs to fir trees from rain and clouds during a 1-month study at Clingmans Peak, N.C. Atmospheric Environment 22, 2255–2262.
  • Daube, B. C., Flagan, R. C. and Hoffmann, M. R. 1987. Active cloudwater collector. U.S. Patent Number 4, 697,462.
  • Daum, P. H., Kelly, T. J., Schwartz, S. E. and Newman, L. 1984. Measurement of the chemical composition of stratiform clouds. Atmospheric Environment 18, 2671–2684.
  • Falconer, R. E. and Falconer, P. D. 1980. Determination of cloud water acidity at a mountain observatory in the Adirondack Mountain of New York State. J. Geophys. Res. 85, 7465–7470.
  • Glotfelty, D. E., Seiber, J. N. and Liljedakl, L. A. 1987. Pesticides in fog. Nature 325, 602–605.
  • Hoffmann, M. R. 1984. Acid Fog. Engineering Sci. 48, 5–11
  • Houghton, H. G. 1955. On the chemical composition of fog and cloud water. J. Meteorol. 12, 355–357.
  • Jacob, D. J., Waldman, J. M., Haighi, M., Hoffmann, M. R. and Flagan, R. C. 1985. An instrument to collect fog water for chemical analysis. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 56, 1291–1293.
  • Lovett, G. M., Reiners, W. A. and Olson, R. K. 1982. Cloud droplet deposition in sub-alpine balsam fir forest: hydrological and chemical inputs. Science 218, 1303–1304.
  • Muir, P. S., Wade, K. A., Carter, B. H., Armentano, T. V. and Pribush, R. A. 1986. Fog chemistry at an urban tnidwestern site. J. Air Pollut. Control. Assoc. 36, 1359–1361.
  • Murthy, A. and Aneja, V. P. 1990. Deposition and interaction of nitrogen containing pollutants to a high elevation forest canopy. 83rd Annual Meeting of Air and Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh, Paper No. 90-100.4.
  • NADP. 1988. National Atmospheric Deposition Program: NADP/NTN ANNUAL DATA SUMMARY. Precipitation Chemistry in the United States. 1987. Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collius, CO, 353 pp.
  • Oddie, B. C. V. 1962. The chemical composition of precipitation at cloud levels. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 80, 535–538.
  • Reisinger, L. M. and Imhoff, R. 1989. Analysis of summertime cloud water measurements made in Southern Appalacian Spruce Forest. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 45, 1–15.
  • Saxena, V. K. and Fisher, G. F. 1984. Water solubility of cloud active aerosols. Aerosol Sci. TechnoL 3,335–344.
  • Saxena, V. K. and Lin, N. H. 1990. Cloud chemistry measurements and estimates of acidic deposition on an above cloud base coniferous forest. Atmospheric Environment 24A, 329-352. '
  • Saxena, V. K. and Yeh, R. J.-Y. 1988. Temporal variability in cloud water acidity: physico-chemical characteristics of atmospheric aerosols and wind field. J. Aerosol Sci. 19, 1207–1210.
  • Saxena, V. K., Stogner, R. E., Hendler, A. H., DeFelice, T. P., Yeh, R. J. Y. and Lin, N. H. 1989. Monitoring the chemical climate of the Mt. Mitchell State Park for evaluation of its impacts on forest decline. Tellus 41B, 92–109.
  • Valente, R. J., Mallant, R. K., McLaren, S. E. and Shemenauer, R. E. 1989. Field intercomparison of ground based cloud physics instruments at Whiteop Mtn., Va. J. Atmos. Oceanic TechnoL 6, 396–406.
  • ten Brink, H. M., Schwartz, S. E. and Daum, P. H. 1987. Efficient scavenging of aerosol sulfate by liquid-water clouds. Atmospheric Environment 21, 2035–2052.
  • Waldman, J. M., Munger, J. W., Flagan, R. C., Morgan, J. J. and Hoffmann, M. R. 1982. Chemical composition of acid fog. Science 218, 677–680.
  • Waldman, J. M., Munger, J. W., Jacob, D. J. and Hoffmann, M. R. 1985. Chemical characterization of stratus cloud water and its role as a vector for pollutant deposition in a Los Angeles pine forest. Tellus 37B, 91–108.
  • Weathers, K. C., Likens, G. E., Bormann, F. H., Eaton, J. S., Bowden, W. B., Andersen, J. L., Cass, D. A., Galloway, J. N., Keene, W. C., Kimball, K. D., Huth, P. and Smiley, D. 1986. A regional acidic cloud/fog water event in the Eastern United States. Nature 319, 657–658.
  • Wilkniss, P. E. and Bressan, D. J. 1972. Fractionation of elements, F, Cl, Na, and K at sea-air interface. J. Geophys. Res. 77, 5307–5315.