78
Views
28
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Phase-partitioning and chemical reactions of low molecular weight organic compounds in fog

, , , , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 533-544 | Received 28 Nov 1991, Accepted 01 Jun 1992, Published online: 18 Jan 2017

References

  • Andreae, M. O., Talbot, R. W. and Li, S. M. 1987. Atmospheric measurements of pyruvic and formic acid. J. Geophys. Res. 92D, 6635–6641.
  • Arends, B. G., Kos, G. P. A., Wobrock, W., Schell, D., Noone, K. J., Fuzzi, S. and Pahl, S. 1992. Comparison of techniques for measurements of fog liquid water content. Tellus 44B, 604–611.
  • Berner, A. 1988. The collection of fog droplets by a jet impaction stage. Sci. Total Environ. 73, 217–228.
  • Betterton, E. A. and Hoffmann, M. R. 1988. Henry's law constants of some environmentally important aldehydes. Environ. SW. TechnoL 22, 1415–1418.
  • Betterton, E. A., Erel, Y. and Hoffmann, M. R. 1988. Aldehyde-bisulfite adducts: prediction of some of their thermodynamic and kinetic properties. Environ. Sci. TechnoL 22, 92–99.
  • Boyce, S. D. and Hoffmann, M. R. 1984. Kinetics and mechanism of the formation of hydroxymethane-sulfonic acid at low pH. J. Phys. Chem. 88, 4740–4746.
  • Capel, P. D., Gunde, R., Ziircher, F. and Giger, W. 1990. Carbon speciation and surface tension of fog. Environ. Sci. TechnoL 24, 722–727.
  • Capel, P. D., Leuenberger, C. and Giger, W. 1991. Hydrophobic organic chemicals in urban fog. Atmos. Environ. 25A, 1335–1346.
  • Carlier, P., Hannachi, H. and Mouvier, G. 1986. The chemistry of carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere, a review. Atmos. Environ. 20, 2079–2099.
  • Chang, D. P. Y. and Hill, R. C. 1980. Retardation of aqueous droplet evaporation by air pollutants. Atmos. Environ. 14, 803–807.
  • Cofer III, W. R., Collins, V. G. and Talbot, R. W. 1985. Improved aqueous scrubber for collection of soluble atmospheric trace gases. Environ. Sci. TechnoL 19, 557–560.
  • Deister, U., Neeb, R., Helas, G. and Warneck, P. 1986. Temperature dependence of the equilibrium CH2(OH)2 + HSOT = CH2(OH )S0 + H20 in aqueous solution. J. Phys. Chem. 90, 3213–3217.
  • Dong, S. and Dasgupta, P. K. 1986. Solubility of gaseous formaldehyde in liquid water and generation of trace standard gaseous formaldehyde. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 637–640.
  • Facchini, M. C., Chiavari, G. and Fuzzi, S. 1986. An improved HPLC method for carbonyl compound speciation in the atmospheric liquid phase. Chemosphere J.5,667–674.
  • Facchini, M. C., Lind, J., Orsi, G. and Fuzzi, S. 1990. Chemistry of carbonyl compounds in the Po Valley fog water. Sci. Total Environ. 91, 79–86.
  • Facchini, M. C., Fuzzi, S., Kessel, M., Wobrock, W., Jaeschke, W., Arends, B. G., Möls, J. J., Berner, A., Solly, I., Kruisz, C., Reischl, G., Pahl, S., Hallberg, A., Ogren, J. A., Fierlinger-Oberlinninger, H., Marzorati, A. and Schell, D. 1992. The chemistry of sulfur and nitrogen species in a fog system: a multiphase approach. Tellus 44B, 505–521.
  • Fuzzi, S., Orsi, G., Nardini, G., Facchini, M. C.,
  • McLaren, S., McLaren, E. and Mariotti, M. 1988. Heterogeneous processes in the Po Valley radiation fog. J. Geophys. Res. 93D, 11141–11151.
  • Fuzzi, S., Cesari, G., Evangelisti, F., Facchini, M. C. and Orsi, G. 1990. An automatic station for fog water collection. Atmos. Environ. 24A, 2609–2614.
  • Fuzzi, S., Facchini, M. C., Orsi, G., Lind, J. A., Wobrock, W., Kessel, M., Maser, R., Jaeschke, W., Enderle, K. H., Arends, B. G., Berner, A., Solly, I., Kruisz, C., Reischl, G., Pahl, S., Kaminski, U., Winkler, P., Ogren, J. A., Noone, K. J., Hallberg, A., Fierlinger-Oberlinninger, H., Puxbaum, H., Marzorati, A., Hansson, H.-C., Wiedensohler, A., Svenningsson, I. B., Martinsson, B. G., Schell, D. and Georgii, H. W. 1992. The Po Valley fog experiment 1989: an overview. Tellus 44B, 448–468
  • Gill, P. S., Graedel, T. E. and Weschler, C. J. 1983. Organic films on atmospheric aerosol particles, fog droplets, cloud droplets, raindrops and snowflakes. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 21, 903–920.
  • Graedel, T. E. and Weschler, C. J. 1981. Chemistry within aqueous atmospheric aerosols and raindrops. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 19, 505–539.
  • Graedel, T. E., Hawkins, D. T. and Claxton, L. D. 1986. Atmospheric chemical compounds. Orlando: Academic Press.
  • Hartmann, W. R., Andreae, M. O. and Helas, G. 1989. Measurements of organic acids over Central Germany. Atmos. Environ. 23, 1531–1533.
  • Jacob, D. J. 1986. The chemistry of OH in remote clouds and its role in the production of formic acid and peroxymonosulfate. J. Geophys. Res. 91, 9807–9826.
  • Jacob, D. J. and Wofsy, S. C. 1988. Photochemistry of biogenic emissions over the Amazon forest. J. Geophys. Res. 93D, 1477–1486.
  • Kawamura, K., Ng, L. L. and Kaplan, I. R. 1985. Determination of organic acids (C1-C10) in the atmosphere, motor exhaust, and engine oils. Environ. Sci. TechnoL 19, 1082–1086.
  • Keene, W. C. and Galloway, J. N. 1986. Considerations regarding sources for formic and acetic acids in the troposphere-J. Geophys. Res. 91D, 14466–14474.
  • Keene, W. C. and Galloway, J. N. 1988. The biogeo-chemical cycling of formic and acetic acids through the troposphere: an overview of current understanding. Tellus 40B, 322–334.
  • Keene, W. C., Talbot, R. W., Andreae, M. O., Beecher, K., Berresheim, H., Castro, M., Farmer, J. C., Galloway, J. N., Hoffmann, M. R., Li Shai-Meng, Maben, J. R., Munger, W., Norton, R. B., Pszenny, A. A. P., Puxbaum, H., Westberg, H. and Winiwarter, W. 1989. An intercomparison of measurement systems for vapor and particulate phase concentrations of formic and acetic acids. J. Geophys. Res. 94, 6457–6471
  • Lazrus, A. L., Fong, K. L. and Lind, J. A. 1988. Automated fluorometric determination of formal-dehyde in air. Analyt. Chem. 60, 1074–1078.
  • Likens, G. E., Edgerton, E. S. and Galloway, J. N. 1983. The composition and deposition of organic carbon in precipitation. Tellus 35B, 16–24.
  • Madronich, S., Chatfield, R. B., Calvert, J. G., Moortgat, G. K., Veyret, B. and Lesclaux, R. 1990. A photo-chemical origin of acetic acid in the troposphere. Geophys. Res. Lett. 17, 2361–2364.
  • Munger, J. W., Jacob, D. J. and Hoffmann, M. R. 1984. The occurrence of bisulfite-aldehyde adducts in fog and cloud water. J. Atmos. Chem. I, 335–350.
  • Munger, J. W., Tiller, C. T. and Hoffmann, M. R. 1986. Determination of hydroxymethanesulfonate in fog water. Science 231, 247–249.
  • Olson, T. M. and Hoffmann, M. R. 1986. On the kinetics of formaldehyde-S(IY) adduct formation in slightly acidic solution. Atmos. Environ. 20, 2277–2278.
  • Olson, T. M. and Hoffmann, M. R. 1989. Hydroxyalkyl-sulfonate formation: its role as a S(IV) reservoir in atmospheric water droplets. Atmos. Environ. 23, 985–997.
  • Pandis, S. N. and Seinfeld, J. H. 1991. Should bulk cloudwater samples obey Henry's law? J. Geophys. Res. 96D, 10791–10798.
  • Perdue, E. M. and Beck, K. C. 1988. Chemical consequences of mixing atmospheric droplets of varied pH. J. Geophys. Res. 93D, 691–698.
  • Puxbaum, H., Rosenberg, C., Gregori, M., Lanzer-storfer, C., Ober, E. and Winiwarter, W. 1988. Atmospheric concentrations of formic and acetic and related compounds in Eastern and Northern Austria. Atmos. Environ. 22, 2841–2850.
  • Rosenberg, C., Winiwarter, W., Gregori, M., Pech, G., Casensky, V. and Puxbaum, H. 1988. Determination of inorganic and organic volatile acids, NH3, particulate SQ2,-, NOT and Cl - in ambient air with an annular diffusion denuder system. Fres. Z. Anal. Chem. 331, 1–7.
  • Schell, D., Georgii, H. W., Maser, R., Jaeschke, W., Arends, B. G., Kos, G. P. A., Winkler, P., Schneider, T., Berner, A. and Kruisz, C. 1992. Intercomparison of fog water samplers. Tellus 44B, 612–631.
  • Schwartz, S. E. 1984. Gas-aqueous reactions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides in liquid water clouds. In: SO2, NO and NO2 oxidation mechanisms: atmospheric considerations (ed. J. G. Calvert). Butterworth: Boston, 173–208.
  • Schwartz, S. E. 1986. Mass-transport considerations pertinent to aqueous phase reactions of gases in liquid-water clouds. In: Chemistry of multiphase atmospheric systems (ed. W. Jaeschke). Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 415–471.
  • Talbot, R. W., Stein, K. M., Harriss, R. C. and Cofer HI, W. R. 1988. Atmospheric geochemistry of formic and acetic acids at a mid-latitude temperate site. J. Geophys. Res. 93D, 1638–1652.
  • Winkler, P. 1986. Observation of fog water composition in Hamburg. In: Atmospheric pollutants in forest areas (ed. H. W. Georgii). Dordrecht: Reidel Publishing Company, 143–151.
  • Winiwarter, W., Puxbaum, H., Fuzzi, S., Facchini, M. C., Orsi, G., Beltz, N., Enderle, K. and Jaeschke, W. 1988. Organic acid gas and liquid-phase measurements in Po Valley fall-winter conditions in the presence of fog. Tellus 40B, 348–357.
  • Winiwarter, W., Brantner, B. and Puxbaum, H. 1992. Comment on: “Should bulk cloudwater or fogwater samples obey Henry's law”. J. Geophys. Res. 97, 6075–6078.
  • Wobrock, W., Schell, D., Maser, R., Kessel, M., Jaeschke, W., Fuzzi, S., Facchini, M. C., Orsi, G., Marzorati, A., Winkler, P., Arends, B. G. and Bendix, J. 1992. Meteorological characteristics of the Po Valley fog. Tellus 44B, 469–488.