- Adamson, A. W. 1986. A textbook of physical chemistry, 3th edition. Academic Press College Division.
- Cass, R. G. 1979. On the relationship between sulfate air quality and visibility with examples in Los Angeles. Atmos. Environ. 13, 1069–1084.
- Charlson, R. J. 1969. Atmospheric visibility related to aerosol mass concentration. Environ. Sci. and Technol. 3, 913–918.
- Charlson, R. J., Vanderpol, A. H., Covert, D. S., Waggoner, A. P. and Ahlquist, N. C. 1974. H2 SO4! (NH4)2SO4 background aerosol: optical detection in St. Louis region. Atmos. Environ. 8, 1257–1267.
- Charlson, R. J., Schwartz, S. E., Hales, J. M., Cess, R. D., Coakley, J. A. Jr., Hansen, J. E. and Hofmann, D. J. 1992. Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols. Science 255, 423–430.
- Clark, W. A. V. and Hosking, P. L. 1986. Statistical methods for geographers, New York, John Wiley & Sons, 233–261.
- Cohen, M. D., Flagan, R. C. and Seinfeld, J. H. 1987. Studies of concentrated electrolyte solutions using the electrodynamic balance. 1. Water activities for single electrolyte solutions. J. of Phys. Chem. 91, 4563–4574.
- Covert, D. S., Charlson, R. J. and Ahlquist, N. C. 1972. A study of the relationship of chemical composition and humidity to light scattering by aerosols. J. of Appl MeteoroL 11, 968–976.
- Covert, D. S., Waggoner, A. P., Weiss, R. E., Ahlquist, N. C. and Charlson, R. J. 1979. Atmospheric aerosols, humidity and visibility. In: Character and origins of smog aerosols (ed. G. M. Hidy). John Wiley & Sons, 559–581.
- Dawson, H. M. 1918. The ternary system, sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate and water. The utilisation of nitre cake for the production of ammonium sulfate. J. of the Chem. Soc. 113, 675–688.
- Fang, S. H. 1986. Measurement and modeling of water activities for mixed aqueous solutions containing sodium, ammonium, nitrate and sulfate ions. MS Thesis, University of Washington.
- Freeth, F. A. 1924. Ternary and quaternary equilibria in the system: NaC104 -(N114)2 SO4 -Na2SO4 -H2 0 at 60°C and 25°C. Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas XLIII, 475–507.
- Gill, P. S., Graedel, T. E. and Weschler, C. J. 1983. Organic films on atmospheric aerosol particles, fog droplets, cloud droplets, raindrops and snowflakes. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 21, 903–920.
- Goldberg, R. N. 1981. Evaluated activity and osmotic coefficients for aqueous solutions: Thirty six uni-bivalent electrolytes. J. Phys. Chem. Ref Data 10, 671–764.
- Hamer, W. J. and Wu, Y. C. 1972. Osmotic coefficients and mean activity coefficients of uni-valent electrolytes in water at 25°C. J. Phys. Chem. Ref Data 1, 1047–1099.
- Hänel, G. 1976. The properties of atmospheric aerosol particles as functions of the relative humidity at ther-modynamic equilibrium with the surrounding moist air. Advan. Geophys. 19, 73–188.
- Hansson, H.-C., Wiedensohler, A., Rood, M. J. and Covert, D. S. 1990. Experimental determination of the hygroscopic properties of organically coated aerosol particles. J. Aerosol Sci. 21, s241–s244.
- Heintzenberg, J. 1989. Fine particles in the global troposphere. A review. Tellus 41B, 149–160.
- Kusik, C. L. and Meissner, H. P. 1978. Electrolyte activity coeffiecients in inorganic processing. AlChE Symposium Series 74, 14–20.
- Larson, T. V., Ahlquist, N. C., Weiss, R. E., Covert, D. C. and Waggoner, A. P. 1982. Chemical speciation of 112 SO4-(N14)2SO4 particles using temperature and humidity controlled nephelometry. Atmos. Environ. 16, 1587–1590.
- Orr, C. Jr., Hurd, K. F. and Corbett, W. J. 1958. Aerosol size and relative humidity. J. of Colloid Sci. 13, 472–482.
- Pilat, -M. J. and Charlson, R. J. 1966. Theoretical and optical studies of humidity effects on the size distribu-tion of a hygroscopic aerosol. J. Rech. Atmos. 2, 165–170.
- Rard, J. A. and Miller, D. G. 1981. Isopiestic determination of the osmotic coefficients of aqueous Na2SO4, MgSO4 and Na2SO4 and MgSO4 at 25°C. J. of Chem. Engin. Data 26, 33–38.
- Rood, M. J., Larson, T. V., Covert, D. S. and Ahlquist, N. C. 1985. Measurement of laboratory and ambient aerosols with temperature and humidity controlled nephelometry. Atmos. Environ. 19, 1181–1190.
- Rood, M. J., Covert, D. S. and Larson, T. V. 1987a. Tem-perature and humidity controlled nephelometry: Improvements and calibration. Aerosol ScL TechnoL 7, 57–65.
- Rood, M. J., Covert, D. S. and Larson, T. V. 1987b. Hygroscopic properties of atmospheric aerosol in Riverside, California. Tellus 39B, 383–397.
- Sloane, C. S. 1986. Effect of composition on aerosol light scattering efficiencies. Atmos. Environ. 20, 1025–1037.
- Spann, J. F. and Richardson, C. B. 1985. Measurement of the water cycle in mixed ammonium acid sulfate particles. Atmos. Environ. 19, 819–825.
- Staples, B. R. and Nuttall, R. L. 1977. The activity and osmotic coefficients of aqueous Calcium Chloride at 298.15 K. J. Phys. Chem. Ref Data 6,385–407.
- Stelson, A. W. and Seinfeld, J. H. 1982. Thermodynamic prediction of the water activity, NH4NO3 dissociation constant, density and refractive index for the NH 4 NO3 -(NFI4 )2 SO44120 system at 25°C. Atmos. Environ. 16, 2507–2514.
- Tang, I. N. 1976. Phase transformation and growth of aerosol particles composed of mixed salts. J. of Aerosol ScL 7, 361–371.
- Tang, I. N., Munkelwitz, H. R. and Davis, J. G. 1978. Aerosol growth studies-IV. Phase transformation of mixed salt aerosols in a moist atmosphere. J. of Aerosol Sci. 9, 505–511.
- Tang, I. N. 1980. Deliquescence properties and particle size change of hygroscopic aerosols. In: Generation of aerosols and facilities for exposure experiments (ed. K. Willeke). Ann Arbor Science, 153–167.
- Tang, I. N., Wong, W. T. and Munkelwitz, H. R. 1981. The relative importance of atmospheric sulfates and nitrates in visibility reduction. Atmos. Environ. 15, 2463–2471.
- Tang, I. N. and Munkelwitz, H. R. 1992. Aerosol phase transformation and growth in the atmosphere. DOE. Atmospheric Chemistry Program, Monthly Update 3, 4–9.
- Waggoner, A. P., Weiss, R. E., Alhquist, N. C., Covert, D. S., Will, S. and Charlson, R. J. 1981. Optical charac-teristics of atmospheric aerosols. Atmos. Environ. 15, 1891–1909.
- Wexler, A. S. and Seinfeld, J. H. 1991. Second-generation inorganic aerosol model. Atmos. Environ. 25A, 2731–2748.
- Winkler, P. 1988. The growth of atmospheric aerosol particles with relative humidity. Physica Scripta 37, 223–230.
- Wishaw, B. F. and Stokes, R. H. 1954. Activities of aqueous ammonium sulfate solutions at 25°C. Trans. Faraday Soc. 50, 952–954.
Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology
Volume 46, 1994 - Issue 1
Open access
191
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles
The (NH4)2SO4-Na2SO4-H2O system: comparison of deliquescence humidities measured in the field and estimated from laboratory measurements and thermodynamic modeling
Sotiria Koloutsou-VakakisEnvironmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
& Mark J. RoodEnvironmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
Pages 1-15
|
Received 26 Jan 1993, Accepted 26 Jul 1993, Published online: 18 Jan 2017
Related research
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.
Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.