Advanced search
Publication Cover
Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology Volume 48, 1996 - Issue 4
Journal homepage
166
Views
82
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Simulations of terrestrial carbon metabolism and atmospheric CO2 in a general circulation model

Part 1: Surface carbon fluxes

A. Scott DenningSchool of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106-5131, USA;
,
G. James CollatzNational Aeronautic and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, MS 923, Greenbelt, MD20771, USA;
,
Changan ZhangDepartment of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80521-371, USA;
,
David A. RandallDepartment of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80521-371, USA;
,
Joseph A. BerryCarnegie Institute of Washington, Department of Plant Biology, Stanford, CA94305, USA
,
Piers J. SellersNational Aeronautic and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, MS 923, Greenbelt, MD20771, USA;
,
Greg D. ColelloCarnegie Institute of Washington, Department of Plant Biology, Stanford, CA94305, USA
&
Donald A. DazlichDepartment of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80521-371, USA;
 show all
Pages 521-542 | Received 28 Sep 1995, Accepted 15 May 1996, Published online: 18 Jan 2017

References

  • Arakawa, A. and Schubert, W. H. 1974. Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environ-ment, Part I. J. Atmos. Sci. 31, 674–701.
  • Arakawa, A. and Lamb, V. R. 1977. Computational design of the basic dynamical processes of the UCLA general circulation model. Methods in Computational Physics 17, 173–265.
  • Arakawa, A. and Lamb, V. R. 1981. A potential enstrophy and energy conserving scheme for the shal-low water equations. Mon. Wea. Rev. 109, 18–36.
  • Ball, J. T. 1988. An analysis of stomatal conductance. PhD Thesis, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.
  • Berry, J. A., Sellers, P. J., Randall, D. A., Collatz, G. J., Colello, G. D., Denning, A. S., Fu, W. and Grivet, C. 1996. SiB2, a model for simulation of biological processes within a climate model. In: Scaling up (eds. P. van Gardingen, G. Moody and P. Curran), Society for Experimental Biology, Cambridge University Press, in press.
  • Bonan, G. B. 1995. Land-atmosphere CO2 exchange simulated by a land surface process model coupled to an atmospheric general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 2817–2831.
  • Collatz, G. J., Ball, J. T., Grivet, C. and Berry, J. A. 1991. Physiological and environmental regulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, and transpir-ation: a model that includes a laminar boundary layer. Agric. and Forest Meteorol. 54, 107–136.
  • Collatz, G. J., Ribas-Carbo, M. and Berry, J. A. 1992. Coupled photosynthesis-stomatal conductance model for leaves of C4 plants. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 19, 519–538.
  • Dai, A. and Fung, I. Y. 1993. Can climate variability contribute to the “missing” CO2 sink? Global Biogeo-chem. Cycles 7, 599–610.
  • Denning, A. S. 1994. Investigations of the transport, sources, and sinks of atmospheric CO2 using a general circulation model. Atmospheric Science Paper 564, Colorado State University.
  • Denning, A. S., Fung, I. Y. and Randall, D. A. 1995. Latitudinal gradient of atmospheric CO2 due to sea-sonal exchange with land biota. Nature 376, 240–243.
  • Denning, A. S., Randall, D. A., Collatz, G. J., and Sellers, P. J. Simulations of terrestrial carbon metabolism and atmospheric CO2 in a general circulation model. Part 2: Spatial and temporal variations of atmospheric CO2. Tellus 48B, this issue.
  • Dewey, K. F. and Heim, R. 1981. Satellite observations of variations in Northern Hemisphere seasonal snow cover. NOAA technical report NESS 87. United States Department of Commerce, Washington, DC.
  • Dixon, R. K., Brown, S. and Houghton, R. A. 1994. Carbon pools and flux of global forest ecosystems. Science 263, 185–190.
  • Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V. 1989. Seasonal sources and sinks of atmospheric CO2. Direct inver-sion of filtered data. Tellus 39B, 318–325.
  • Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V. 1991. Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of CO2: Results of an inversion study. Tellus 43B, 156–70.
  • Enting, I. G., Trudinger, C. M. and Francey, R. J., 1995. A synthesis inversion of the concentration and delta 13C of atmospheric CO2. Tellus 47B, 35–52.
  • Fan, S.-M., Wofsy, S. C., Bakwin, P. S., Jacob, D. J. and Fitzjarrald, D. R. 1990. Atmosphere-biosphere exchange of CO2 and 03 in the central Amazon forest. J. Geophys. Res. 95, 16851–16864.
  • Farquhar, G. D., Von Caemmerer, S. and Berry, J. A., 1980. A biochemical model of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in C3 plants. Planta 149, 78–90.
  • Foley, J. A. 1994. Net primary productivity in the terrestrial biosphere: The application of a global model. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 20773–20783.
  • Fowler, L. A., Randall, D. A. and Rutledge, S. A. 1996. Liquid and ice cloud microphysics in the CSU General Circulation Model. Part I: Model description and simulated microphysical processes. J. Clim. 9,489–529.
  • Fowler, L. A. and Randall, D. A. 1996. Liquid and ice cloud microphysics in the CSU general circulation model. Part II: Impact on cloudiness, the Earth's radiation budget, and the general circulation of the atmo-sphere. J. Clim. 9, 530–560.
  • Fowler, L. A. and Randall, D. A. 1996. Liquid and ice cloud microphysics in the CSU General Circulation Model. Part III: Sensitivity to modeling assumptions. J. Clim. 9, 561–586.
  • Francey, R. J., Tans, P. P., Allison, C. E., Enting, I. G., White, J. W. C. and Trolier, M. 1995. Changes in oceanic and terrestrial carbon uptake since 1982. Nature 373, 326–330.
  • Friedlingstein, P., Muller, J. F. and Brasseur, G. P. 1994. Sensitivity of the terrestrial biosphere to climate changes: Impact on the carbon cycle. Environment. Pollut. 83, 143–46.
  • Friedlingstein, P., Fung, I., Holland, E., John, J., Brasseur, G. Erickson, D. and Schimel, D. 1995. On the contribution of CO2 fertilization to the missing biospheric sink. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 9, 541–556
  • Fung, I., Prentice, K., Matthews, E., Lerner, J. and Russell, G. 1983. Three-dimensional tracer model study of atmospheric CO2: Response to seasonal exchanges with the terrestrial biosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 88,1281–1294.
  • Fung, I. Y., Tucker, C. J. and Prentice, K. C. 1987. Application of very high resolution radiometer vegeta-tion index to study atmosphere-biosphere exchange of CO2. J. Geophys. Res. 92,2999–3015.
  • Gifford, R. M. 1994. The global carbon cycle: a viewpoint on the missing sink. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 21,1–5.
  • Goulden, M. L., Munger, J. W., Fan, S.-M., Daube, B. C. and Wofsy, S. C. 1996. Exchange of carbon dioxide by a deciduous forest: Response to interannual climate variability. Science 271,1576–578.
  • Hall, C. A. S., Ekdahl, C. A. and Wartenberg, D. E. 1975. A fifteen-year record of biotic metabolism in the north-ern hemisphere. Nature 255,136–38.
  • Harshvardhan, Davies, R., Randall, D. A. and Corsetti, T. G. 1987. A fast radiation parameterization for general circulation models. J. Geophys. Res. 92, 1009–1016
  • Heimann, M. and Keeling, C. D. 1989. A three-dimen-sional model of atmospheric CO2 transport based on observed winds (2). Model description and simulated tracer experiments. In: Aspects of climate variability in the Pacific and Western Americas, Geophysical Mono-graph 55 (ed. D. H. Peterson). American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., pp. 237–275.
  • Heimann, M., Keeling, C. D. and Tucker, C. J. 1989. A three-dimensional model of atmospheric CO2 trans-port based on observed winds (3). Seasonal cycle and synoptic time scale variations. In: Aspects of climate variability in the Pacific and Western Americas, Geo-physical Monograph 55 (ed. D. H. Peterson). American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC., 277–303.
  • Keeling, C. D. 1958. The concentration and isotopic abundances of atmospheric carbon dioxide in rural areas. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 13,322–334.
  • Keeling, C. D., Bacastow, R. B., Carter, A. F., Piper, S. C., Whorf, T. P., Heimann, M., Mook, W. G. and Roeloffzen, H. 1989. A three-dimensional model of atmospheric CO2 transport based on observed winds (1) Analysis of observational data. In: Aspects of climate variability in the Pacific and Western Americas. Geophysical Monograph 55 (ed. D. H. Peterson). American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC., 165–236.
  • Keeling, C. D., Piper, S. C. and Heimann, M. 1989. A three-dimensional model of atmospheric CO2 trans-port based on observed winds. (4) Mean annual gradi-ents and interannual variations. In: Aspects of Climate Variability in the Pacific and Western Americas. Geo-physical Monograph 55 (ed. D. H. Peterson). American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC., 05–363.
  • Legates, D.R. and Willmott, C. J. 1990. Mean seasonal and spatial variability in gauge-corrected global pre-cipitation. Int. J. Climatology 10, 111–27.
  • Lieth, H. 1975. Modeling the primary productivity of the world. In: Primary productivity of the biosphere (ed. H. Lieth and R. H. Whittaker) Springer-Verlag, New York, 237–263.
  • Lord, S. J., Chao, W. C. and Arakawa, A. 1982. Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment. Part IV. The discrete model. J. Atmos. Sci. 39,104–13.
  • Maisongrande, P., Ruimy, A. and Saugier, B. 1995. Monitoring seasonal and interannual variations of primary productivity, net primary productivity, and ecosystem productivity using a diagnostic model and remotely-sensed data. Tellus 47,178–190.
  • Manabe, S., Bryan, K. and Spelman, M. J. 1990. Transient response of a global ocean-atmosphere model to a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 20,722–749.
  • Melillo, J. M., McGuire, A. D., Kicklighter, D. W., Moore B., Vorosmarty, C. J. and Schloss, A. L. 1993. Global climate change and terrestrial net primary pro-ductivity. Nature 363,234–240.
  • Potter, C. S., Randerson, J. T., Field, C. B., Matson, P. A., Vitousek, P. M., Mooney, H. A. and Klooster, S. A. 1993. Terrestrial ecosystem production: A pro-cess-oriented model based on global satellite and sur-face data. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 7,811–842.
  • Raich, J. W., Rastetter, E. B., Melillo, J. M., Kicklighter, D. W., Steudler, P. A. and Peterson, B. J. 1991. Poten-tial net primary productivity of South America: Application of a global model. Ecol. Applications 1, 399–429.
  • Randall, D. A., Harshvardhan, Dazlich, D. A. and Corsetti, T. G. 1989. Interactions among radiation, convection, and large-scale dynamics in a general cir-culation model. J. Atmos. Sci. 46, 1943–970.
  • Randall, D. A., Harshvardhan, and Dazlich, D. A. 1991. Diurnal variability of the hydrologic cycle in a general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci. 48, 40–62.
  • Randall, D. A., Shao, Q. and Moeng, C.-H. 1992. A second-order bulk boundary-layer model. J. Atmos. Sci. 49,1903–923.
  • Randall, D. A. and Pan, D.-M. 1993. Implementation of the Arakawa-Schubert parameterization with a pro-gnostic closure. In: The representation of cumulus convection in numerical models (eds. K. Emanuel and D. Raymond) American Meteorological Society, Boston, 137–144.
  • Randall, D. R., Sellers, P. J., Berry, J. A., Dazlich, D. A., Zhang, C., Collatz, J. A., Denning, A. S., Los, S. O., Field, C. B., Fung, I., Justice, C. O. and Tucker, C. J. 1996. A revised land-surface parameterization (SiB2) for GCMs. Part 3: The greening of the Colorado State University General Circulation Model. J. Clim. 9, 738–763.
  • Ryan, M. G. 1991. Effects of climate change on plant respiration. Ecol. Appl. 1, 157–67.
  • Schindler, D. W. and Bayley, S. E. 1993. The biosphere as an increasing sink for atmospheric carbon: Estimates from increased nitrogen deposition. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 7,717–734.
  • Schimel, D., Enting, I. G., Heimann, M., Wigley, T. M. L., Raynaud, D., Alves, D. and Siegenthaler, U. 1995. CO2 and the carbon cycle. In: Climate change 1994: radiative forcing of climate change and an evaluation of the IPCC IS92 emission scenarios (eds. J. T. Houghton, L. G. Meira Filho, J. Bruce, H. Lee, B. A. Callander, E. Haites, N. Harris and K. Maskell). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 35–72.
  • Sellers, P. J., Mintz, Y., Sud, Y. C. and Dalcher, A. 1986. A simple biosphere model (SiB) for use within general circulation models. J. Atmos. Sci. 43, 505–531.
  • Sellers, P. J., Shuttleworth, W. J., Dorman, J. L. Dalcher, A. and Robert, J. M. 1989. Calibrating the simple biosphere model for Amazonian tropical forest using field and remote sensing data. Part I: Average calibration with field data. J. Appl. Meteor. 28, 727–759.
  • Sellers, P. J., Berry, J. A., Collatz, G. J., Field, C. B. and Hall, F. G. 1992. Canopy reflectance, photosynthesis, and transpiration (III). A reanalysis using enzyme kinetics-electron transfer models of leaf physiology. Remote Sens. Environ. 42, 1–20.
  • Sellers, P. J., Hall, F. G., Asrar, G., Strebel, D. E. and Murphy, R. E. 1992. An overview of the 1st Interna-tional Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Field Experiment (FIFE). J. Geophys. Res. 97, 1 8345-8371.
  • Sellers, P. J., Heiser, M. D. and Hall, F. G. 1992. Relations between surface conductance and spectral vegetation indices at intermediate (100 m2 to 15 km2) length scales. J. Geophys. Res. 97, 1 9033-9059.
  • Sellers, P. J., Hall, F. G., Margolis, H., Kelly, B., Baldocchi, D., den Hartog, G., Chilar, J., Ryan, M. G., Goodison, B., Crill, P., Ranson, K. J., Lettenmaier, D. and Wickland, D. 1995. The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS): An overview and early results from the 1994 year. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. 76, 1549–577.
  • Sellers, P. J., Randall, D. A., Collatz, D. J., Berry, J. Field, C., Dazlich, D. A., Zhang, C. and Bounoua, L. 1996. A revised land-surface parameterization (SiB2) for atmospheric GCMs. Part 1: Model formulation. J. Clim. 9, 676–705
  • Sellers, P. J., Los, S. O., Tucker, C. J., Justice, C. O., Dazlich, D. A., Collatz, G. J. Randall, D. A. 1996. A revised land-surface parameterization (SiB2) for atmo-spheric GCMs. Part 2: The generation of global fields of terrestrial biophysical parameters from satellite data. J. Clim. 9, 706–737.
  • Shine, K. P., Fouquart, Y., Ramaswamy, V., Solomon, S. and Srinivasan, J. 1995. Radiative forcing. In: Cli-mate change 1994: radiative forcing of climate change and an evaluation of the IPCC IS92 emission scenarios (eds. J. T. Houghton, L. G. Meira Filho, J. Bruce, H. Lee, B. A. Callander, E. Haites, N. Harris and K. Maskell). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 163–204.
  • Shuttleworth, W. J., Gash, J. H. C., Roberts, J. M., Nobre, C. A., Moline, L. C. B. and Ribeiro, M. D. N. G. 1991. Postdeforestation Amazon climate: Anglo-Brazilian research to improve prediction. J. Hydrol. 129, 71–86.
  • Stephens, G. L., Randall, D. A., Tjemkes, S. J., Wittmeyer, I. M. and Dazlich, D. A. 1993. The Earth's radiation budget in relation to the hydrologic cycle. Part III. Comparison of observations with a GCM. J. Geophys. Res. 98, 4931–4950.
  • Suarez, M. J., Arakawa, A. and Randall, D. A. 1983. Parameterization of the planetary boundary layer in the UCLA general circulation model: Formulation and results. Mon Wea. Rev. 111, 2224–2243.
  • Tans, P. P., Conway, T. J. and Nakazawa, T. 1989. Latitudinal distribution of the sources and sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide derived from surface observations and an atmospheric transport model. J. Geophys. Res. 94, 5151–5172.
  • Tans, P. P., Fung, I. Y. and Takahashi, T. 1990. Observational constraints on the global atmospheric CO2 budget. Science 247,1431–438.
  • Wofsy, S.C., Harriss, R.C., Kaplan, WA. 1988. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over the Amazon Basin, J. Geophys. Res. 93, 1377–387.
  • Wofsy, S. C., Goulden, M. L., Munger, J. W., Fan, S.-M., Bakwin, P. S., Daube, B. C., Bassow, S. L. and Bazzaz, F. A. 1993. Net exchange of CO2 in a mid-latitude forest, Science 260, 1314–316.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.