Influence of two atmospheric transport models on inf erring sources and sinks of atmospheric CO₂

References

• Barry R. G. and Chorley R. J. 1987. Atmosphere, weather and climate, ed. Routledge, London and New York: Routledge. 460.
   Google Scholar
• Brost and Heimann M. 1991. Air pollution modelling and its application (VIII). H. Van Dop Steyn, D.G., Editor. Plenum Press. 465–483.
   Google Scholar
• Ciais P., Tans P. P., White J. W., Trolier M., Francey R., Berry J. A., Randall D., Sellers P. J., Collatz J. G. and Schimel D. S. 1995a. Partitioning of ocean and land uptake of CO2 as inferred by dl3C measurements from the NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostic Laboratory global air sampling network. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 5051–5070.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciais, P., Tans, P. P., Trolier, M., White, J. W. C., and Francey, R. 1995b. A large terrestrial CO2 sink indi-cated by the (313C ratio of atmospheric CO2. Science 269, 1098–1102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conway T. J., Tans P. P., Waterman L. S., Thoning K. W., Kitzis D. R., Masarie K. A. and Zhang N. 1994. Evidence for interannual variability of the carbon cycle from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminis-tration/Climate Monitoring and Diagnostic Laborat-ory Global Air Sampling Network. J. Geophys. Res. 99 DK 22831–22855.
   Google Scholar
• Denning A. S., Fung I. Y. and Randall D. A. 1995. Latitudinal gradient of atmospheric CO2 due to sea-sonal exchange with land biota. Nature 376, 240–243.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enting I. G. and Mansbridge J. V. 1989. Seasonal sources and sinks of atmospheric CO2: Direct inversion of filtered data. Tellus 41B, 111–126.
   Google Scholar
• Enting I. G. and Mansbridge J. V. 1991. Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of CO2: results of an inversion study. Tellus 43B, 156–170.
   Google Scholar
• Enting I. G., Trudinger C. M., Francey R. J. and Granek H. 1993. Synthesis inversion of atmospheric CO2 using the GISS tracer transport model. CSIRO Aust. Div. Atmos. Res. Tech. Pap. 29, 1–44.
   Google Scholar
• Enting I. G., Trudinger C. M. and Francey R. J. 1995. A synthesis inversion of the concentration and (313C of atmospheric CO2. Tellus 47B, 35–51.
   Google Scholar
• Francey R. J., Tans P. P., Allison C. E., Enting I. G., White J. W. C. and Trolier M. 1995. Changes in the oceanic and terrestrial carbon uptake since 1982. Nature 373, 326–329.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heimann M., 1995. The global atmospheric tracer model T M2: model description and user manual. Max Planck Institut fur Meteorologie, Bundesstrasse 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. Report no. 10.
   Google Scholar
• Heimann M. and Keeling C. D. 1989. A three-dimentional model of atmospheric CO2 transport based on observed winds (2) Model description and simulated tracer experiments. Aspects of climate variability in the Pacific and the Western Americas, Geophysical Monograph 55, Washington (USA).
   Google Scholar
• Heimann M., Keeling C. D. and Tucker C. J. 1989. A three-dimensional model of atmospheric CO2 transport based on observed winds: 3. Seasonal cycle and synoptic time scale variations. Aspects of climate variability in the Pacific and the Western Americas, Geophysical Monograph 55, Washington (USA).
   Google Scholar
• IPCC. 1995. Climate change 1995. Radiative forcing of climate change. An evaluation of the IPCC IS92 emissions scenarios. Ed. IPCC. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jacob D. J., Prather M. J., Wofsy S. C. and McElroy M. B. 1987. Atmospheric distribution of Kr-85 simulated with a General Circulation Model. J. Geophys. Res. 92 D6, 6614–6626.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keeling C. D. 1995. Iterannual extremes in the rate of rise of atmospheric carcone dioxide since 1980. Nature 375, 666–670.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keeling C. D., Bacastow R. B., Carter A. F., Piper S. C., Whorf T. P., Heimann M., Mook W. G. and Roel-offzen H. A. 1989. A three-dimensional model of atmospheric CO2 transport based on observed winds (1) Analysis of observational data. Aspects of Climate Variability in the Pacific and Western Americas, Geophysical Monograph 55. Washington (USA).
   Google Scholar
• Law R., Simmonds I. and Budd W. F. 1992. Appplication of an atmospheric tracer model to the high southern latitudes. Tellus 44B, 358–370.
   Google Scholar
• Liu S. C., McAfee J. R. and Cicerone R. J. 1984. Radon-222 and tropospheric vertical transport. J. Geophys. Res. 89, 7291–7297.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louis J. F. 1979. A parametric model of vertical eddy fluxes in the atmosphere. Boundary Layer Meteorology 17, 187–202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahlman, J. D. & Moxim, W. J. 1978. Tracer simulation using a global general circulation model: results from a midlatitude instantaneous source experiment. J. of Atmos. Sci 35, 1340–1374.
   Google Scholar
• Mahowald, N. M., Rasch P. J. and Prinn R. G. 1995. Cumulus parametrizations in chemical transport models. J. Geophys. Res. 100,26173–26189.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marland G., Rotty R. M. and Treat N. L. 1985. CO2 from fossil fuel burning: global distribution of emissions. Tellus 37, 243–258.
   Google Scholar
• Masarie K. A. and Tans P. P. 1995. Extension and Integration of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide data into a globally consistent measurement record. J. Geophys. Res. 100 D6, 11593–11610.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plumb R. A. and Mahlman J. D. 1987. The zonally averaged transport characteristics of the GFDL general circulation/transport model. J. Atmos. Sci. 44, 298–327.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prather M., McElroy M., Wofsy S., Russell G. and Rind D. 1987. Chemistry of global troposphere: fluorocar-bons as tracers of air motion. J. Geophys. Res. 92 D6, 6579–6613.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramonet M., 1994. Modélisation du transport atmos-pherique du dioxyde de carbone dans l'hémisphéere sud. Thesis, University of Paris VII, 4 Place Jussieu, 75006 Paris, France.
   Google Scholar
• Ramonet M. Le Roulley, J.C., Bousquet, P., Monfray, P. 1996. Radon-222 measurements during the TropozII campaign and comparison with a global atmospheric transport model. J. Atmos. Chem. , 23, 107–136.
   Google Scholar
• Rayner P. J. and Law R. M. 1995, A comparison of modelled responses to prescribed CO2 sources. CSIRO Aust. Div. Atmos. Res. Tech. Pap. no 36, 1–82.
   Google Scholar
• Ruimy A., Saugier B. and Dedieu G. 1994. Methodology for the estimation of terrestrial net primary production from remotely sensed data. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 5263–5283.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russel G. L. and Lerner J. A. 1981. A new finite-differencing scheme for the tracer transport equation. J. Appl. Meteor. 20, 1483–1498.
   Google Scholar
• Tans P. P., Conway T. J. and Nakazawa T. 1989. Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide derived from surface observations and an atmospheric transport model. J. Geophys. Res. 94 D4, 5151–5172.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tans P. P., Fung I. Y. and Takahashi T. 1990. Observational Constraints on the Global Atmospheric CO2 budget. Science 247, 1431–1438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thoning K. W., Tans P. P. and Komhyr W. D. 1989. Atmospheric carbon dioxide at Mauna Loa Observatory. 2. Analysis of the NOAA GMCC data, 1974,1985. J. Geophys. Res. 94, 8549–8565.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiedtke M. 1989. A comprehensive flux scheme for cumulus parametrization in large-scale models. Mont. Weath. Rev. 117, 1779–1800.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar