233
Views
61
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Meltwater-induced relocation of chemical species in Alpine firn

, &
Pages 192-203 | Received 31 Jan 2000, Accepted 10 Nov 2000, Published online: 15 Dec 2016

REFERENCES

  • Bales, R. C., Davies, R. E. and Stanley, D. A. 1989. Ion elution through shallow homogeneous snow. Water Resources Research 25, 1869–1877.
  • Brimblecombe, P., Tranter, M., Abrahams, P. W., Black-wood, I., Davies, T. D. and Vincent, C. E. 1985. Reloca-tion and preferential elution of acidic solute through the snowpack of a small, remote, high-altitude Scottish catchment. Annals of Glaciology 7, 141–147
  • Brimblecombe, P., Clegg, S. L., Davies, T.D.., Shooter, D. and Tranter, M. 1987. Observations of the preferential loss of major ions from melting snow and laboratory ice. Water Research 21, 1279–1286
  • Brimblecombe, P., Clegg, S. L., Davies, T.D.., Shooter, D. and Tranter, M. 1988. The loss of halide and sulphate ions from melting ice. Water Res. 22, 693–700
  • BUWAL. 1999. N ABEL-Luftbelastung 1998. Messre-sultate des Nationalen Beobachtungsnetzes ftir Luftfremdstoffe, Schriftenreihe Umwelt Nr. 311, Bun-desamt far Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft (BUWAL), Bern, Switzerland, 194 pp.
  • Colbeck, S. C. 1987. Snow metamorphism and classifica-tion. In: Seasonal snowcovers: physics, chemistry and hydrology (eds. H. G. Jones and W. J. Orville-Thomas). D. Reidel, Dortrecht, pp. 1–35.
  • Cragin, J. H., Hewitt, A. D. and Colbeck, S. C. 1996. Grain-scale mechanisms influencing the elution of ions from snow. Atmospheric Environment 30, 119–127.
  • Dansgaard, W. 1964. Stable isotopes in precipitation. Tellus 16, 436–468.
  • Davis, R. E. 1991. Links between snowpack physics and snowpack chemistry. In: Seasonal snowpacks: processes of compositional change (eds. T. D. Davies, M. Tranter and H. G. Jones). Springer Verlag, Berlin, etc., pp. 115–138. (NATO ASI Series G: Ecological Sci-ences 28.)
  • de Angelis, M. and Legrand, M. 1994. Origins and variations of fluoride in Greenland precipitation. Journal of Geophysical Research 99 (D1), 1157–1172
  • Delmas, R. J. 1993. A natural artefact in Greenland ice-core CO, measurements. Tellus 45B, 391–396.
  • Dominé, F. and Thibert, E. 1996. Mechanism of incor-poration of trace gases in ice grown from the gas phase. Geophysical Research Letters 23, 3627–3630.
  • Eichler, A., Schwikowski, M., Gäggeler, H. W., Furrer, V., Synal, H.-A., Beer, J., Saurer, M. and Funk, M. 2000. Glaciochemical dating of an ice core from the upper Grenzgletscher (4200 m a.s.1.). Journal of Glaciology 46, 507–515.
  • Fukazawa, H., Sugiyama, K., Mae, S., Narita, H. and Hondoh, T. 1998. Acid ions at triple junction of Antarctic ice observed by Raman scattering. Geo-physical Research Letters 25, 2845–2848.
  • Gäggeler, H. W., Stauffer, B., Doscher, A. and Blunier, T. 1997. Klimageschichte im Alpenraum aus Analysen von Eisbohrkernen. Vdf Hochschulverlag AG, Zurich, 61 pp.
  • Goto-Azuma, K., Nakawo, M., Jiankang, H., Watanabe, 0. and Azuma, N. 1994. Melt-induced relocation of ions in glaciers and in a seasonal snowpack. IAHS Publication No. 223, pp. 287–298.
  • Gross, G. W., Hayslip, I. C. and Hoy, R. N. 1978. Elec-trical conductivity and relaxation in ice crystals with known impurity content. Journal of Glaciology 21, 143–159.
  • Gross, G. W. and Svec, R. K. 1997. Effect of ammonium on anion uptake and dielectric relaxation in labora-tory-grown ice columns. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 101, 6282–6284.
  • Hewitt, A. D., Cragin, J. H. and Colbeck, S. C. 1989. Does snow have ion chromatographic properties? In: Proceedings of the 46th Annual Eastern Snow Confe-rence, 8-9 June, Quebec City, Quebec, pp. 165–171.
  • Hewitt, A. D., Cragin, J. H. and Colbeck, S. C. 1991. Effects of crystal metamorphosis on the elution of chemical species from snow. In: Proceedings of the 48th Annual Eastern Snow Conference, Guelph, Ontario, 2-10 June.
  • Hobbs, P. V. 1974. Ice physics. Oxford, Clarendon press, 837 pp.
  • Johannessen, M. and Henriksen, A. 1978. Chemistry of snow meltwater: Changes in concentration during melting. Water Resources Research 14, 615–619.
  • Johnsen, S. J. 1977. Stable isotope homogenization of polar firn and ice. In: Proceedings of the Grenoble Symposium, Aug./Sept. 1975, IAHS-AISH Publication No. 118, pp. 210–219.
  • Keene, W. C., Pszenny, A. A. P., Galloway, J. N. and Hawley, M. E. 1986. Sea-salt corrections and inter-pretation of constituent ratios in marine precipitation. Journal of Geophysical Research 91 (D6), 6647–6658.
  • Kreutz, K. J., Mayewski, P. A., Whitlow, S. I. and Twickler, M. S. 1998. Limited migration of soluble ionic species in a Siple Dome, Antarctica, ice core. Annals of Glaciology 27, 371–377.
  • Levi, L. and Arias, D. 1964. Conductivité en courant continu de la glace dopée avec différents hydracides. J. Chim. Phys. 61, 668–671.
  • Lugauer, M., Baltensperger, U., Furger, M., Gäggeler, H. W., Jost, D. T., Schwikowski, M. and Wanner, H. 1998. Aerosol transport to the high Alpine sites Jungfraujoch (3454 m asl) and Colle Gnifetti (4452 m asp. Tellus 50B, 76–92.
  • Maupetit, F., Wagenbach, D., Weddeling, P. and Delmas, R. J. 1995. Seasonal fluxes of major ions to a high altitude cold alpine glacier. Atmospheric Environment 29, 1–9
  • Mosimann, L., Weingartner, E. and Waldvogel, A. 1994. An analysis of accreted drop sizes and mass on rimed snow crystals. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 51, 1548–1558.
  • Mulvaney, R., Wolff, E. W. and Oates, K. 1988. Sulphuric acid at grain boundaries in Antarctic ice. Nature 331, 247–249
  • Pruppacher, H. R. and Klett, J. D. 1997. Microphysics of clouds and precipitation. Kluwer Academic Pub-lishers, Netherlands, 954 pp.
  • Riley, N. W., Noll, G. and Glenn, J. W. 1978. The creep of NaCl-doped ice monocrystals. Journal of Glaciology 21, 501–507.
  • Schotterer, U., Frohlich, K., Gäggeler, H. W., Sandjordj, S. and Stichler, W. 1997. Isotope records from Mon-golian and Alpine ice cores as climate indicators. Clim. Change 36, 519–530.
  • Schwander, J. 1996. Gas diffusion in firn. In: Chemical exchange between the atmosphere and polar snow (eds. E. W. Wolff and R. C. Bales). Springer Verlag, Berlin, etc., pp. 527–540. (NATO ASI Series I: Global envir-onmental change 43.)
  • Schwikowski, M., BrUtsch, S., Gäggeler, H. W. and Schotterer, U., 1999. A high resolution air chemistry record from an Alpine ice core: Fiescherhorn glacier, Swiss Alps. Journal of Geophysical Research 104 (D11), 13,709–13,720
  • Sigg, A. and Neftel, A. 1991. Evidence for a 50% increase in H202 over the past 200 years from a Greenland ice core. Nature 351, 557–559.
  • Suter, S. 1995. Die Verbreitung kalter Firn- und Eisre-gionen im Alpengebiet. Diploma Thesis, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Szyrmer, W. and Zawadzki, I. 1997. Biogenic and anthro-pogenic sources of ice-forming nuclei: a review. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 78, 209–228.
  • Thibert, E. and Dominé, F. 1997. Thermodynamics and kinetics of the solid solution of HC1 in ice. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 101, 3554–3565.
  • Thibert, E. and Domino, F. 1998. Thermodynamics and kinetics of the solid solution of HNO3 in ice. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 102, 4432–4439.
  • Tranter, M., Tsiouris, S., Davies, T. D. and Jones, H. G. 1992. A laboratory investigation of the leaching of solute from snowpack by rainfall. Hydrol. Process. 6, 169–178.
  • Tsiouris, T., Vincent, C. E., Davies, T. D. and Brimble-combe, P. 1985. The elution of ions through field and laboratory snowpacks. Annals of Glaciology 7, 196–201.
  • Wagnon, P., Delmas, R. J. and Legrand, M. 1999. Loss of volatile acid species from upper firn layers at Vostok, Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research 104 (D3), 3423–3431
  • Wolff, E. W. 1996. Location, movement and reactions of impurities in solid ice. In: Chemical exchange between the atmosphere and polar snow (eds. E. W. Wolff and R. C. Bales). Springer Verlag, Berlin, etc., pp. 541–560. (NATO ASI Series I: Global environmental change 43.)