100
Views
19
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

ATTILA: atmospheric tracer transport in a Lagrangian model

&
Pages 278-299 | Received 01 Aug 2000, Accepted 05 Feb 2002, Published online: 15 Dec 2016

References

  • Balkanski, Y. J., Jacob, D. J., Gardner, G. M., Graustein, W. M. and Turekian, K. K. 1993. Transport and resi-dence times of continental aerosols inferred from a global three-eimensional simulation of 210Pb. J. Geo-phys. Res. 98, 20,573-20,586.
  • Brinkop, S. and Sausen, R. 1997. A finite difference approximation for convective transports which main-tains positive tracer concentrations. Beitr. Phys. Atmosph. 70, 245–248.
  • Chuang, C. C., Penner, J. R., Taylor, K. R., Grossmann, A. S. and Walton, J. J. 1997. An assessment of the radiative effects of anthropogenic sulfate. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 3761-3778.
  • Collins, W.J., Stevenson, D. S., Johnson, C. E. and Derwent, R. G. 1997. Tropospheric ozone in a global-scale three-dimensional Lagrangian model and its response to NO emission controls. J. Atmos. Chem. 26, 223–274.
  • Cox, W. M., Blanchard, R. L. and Kahn, B. 1970. Rela-tion of radon concentration in the atmosphere to total moisture retention in soil and atmospheric thermal stability. In: Radionuclides in the environment. Advances in Chemistry Series 93, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 436-446.
  • Danilin, M. Y., Fahey, D. W., Schumann, U., Prather, M. J., Penner, J. E., Ko, M. K. W., Weisenstein, D. K., Jackman, C. H., Pitari, G., Kohler, I., Sausen, R., Weaver, C. J., Douglass, A. R., Connell, P. S., Kinnison, D. E., Dentener, F. J., Fleming, E. L., Berntsen, T. K., Isaksen, I. S. A., Haywood, J. M. and Karcher, B. 1998. Aviation fuel tracer simulation: model inter-comparison and implications. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 3947-3950.
  • Dentener, F., Feichter, J. and Jeuken, A. 1999. Simulation of the transport of radon-222 using on-line and off-line global models at different horizontal resolutions: a detailed comparison with measurements. Tellus 51B, 573–602.
  • George, A. C. 1981. Radon flux measurements. In: USDOE rpt. EML-399. Environmental Measurements Laboratory, US Dept. of Energy, New York, 207-212.
  • Gesell, T. F. 1983. Background atmospheric 222Rn con-centrations outdoors and indoors: a review. Health Phys. 45, 289–302.
  • Gold, S., Barkhau, H. W., Shleien, B. and Kahn, B. 1964. Measurement of naturally occurring radionuclides in air. In: The natural radiation environment (eds. J. A. S. Adams and W. M. Lowder). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 369–382.
  • Graustein, W. C. and Turekian, K. K. 1990. Radon fluxes from soils to the atmosphere measured by 210pb_226Ra disequilibrium in soils. Geophys. Res. Lett. 17, 841–844.
  • Grewe, V., Dameris, M., Sausen, R. and Steil, B. 1998. Impact of stratospheric dynamics and chemistry on northern hemisphere midlatitude ozone loss. J. Geo-phys. Res. 103, D19, 25,417-25,433.
  • Hein, R., Dameris, M., Schnadt, C., Land, C., Grewe, V., Kohler, I., Ponater, M., Sausen, R., Steil, B., Landgraf, J. and Brühl, C. 2001. Results of an interactively coupled atmospheric chemistry — general circulation model: comparison with observations. Ann. Geophys. 19, 435-457.
  • Hesshaimer, V., Heimann, M. and Levin, I. 1994. Radiocarbon evidence for a smaller oceanic carbon dioxide sink than previously believed. Nature 370, 201–203.
  • Holton, J. R., Haynes, P. H., McIntyre, M. E., Douglas, A. R., Rood, R. B. and Pfister, L. 1995. Stratosphere—troposphere exchange. Rev. Geophys. 33, 403-439.
  • Hutter, A. R., Larsen, R. J., Maring, H. and Merrill, J. T. 1995. 222Rn at Bermuda and Mauna Loa: local and distant sources. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 193, 309–318.
  • Jacob, D. J. and Prather, M. J. 1990. Radon-222 as a test of convective transport in a general circulation model. Tellus 42B, 118–134.
  • Jacob, D. J., Prather, M. J., Rasch, P. H., Shia, R.-L., Balkanski, Y. J., Beagley, S. R., Bergmann, D. J., Black-shear, W. T., Brown, M., Chiba, M., Chipperfield, M. P., de Grandpré, J., Dignon, J. E., Feichter, J., Genthon, C., Grose, W. L., Kasibhatla, P. S., Kohler, I., Kritz, M. A., Law, K., Penner, J. E., Ramonet, M., Reeves, C. E., Rotman, D. A., Stockwell, D. Z., van Velthoven, P. F. J., Verver, G., Wild, O., Yang, H. and Zimmermann, P. 1997. Evaluation and intercomparison of global atmospheric transport models using 222Rn and other short-lived tracers. J. Geophys. Res. 102, D5, 5953-5970.
  • Jeuken, A., Siegmund, P., Heijboer, L., Feichter, J. and Bengtsson, L. 1996. On the potential of assimilated meteorological analysis in a global climate model for the purpose of model validation. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 16,939-16,950.
  • Johnson, C. E., Stevenson, D. S., Collins, W. J. and Derwent, R. G. 2001. Role of climate feedback on methane and ozone studied with a coupled ocean—atmosphere chemistry model. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 1723–1726.
  • Johnston, H. 1989. Evaluation of excess carbon-14 and strontium-90 data for suitability to test two-dimen-sional stratospheric models. J. Geophys. Res. 94, D15, 18,485-18,493.
  • Kjellstrom, E., Feichter, J. and Hoffmann, G. 2000. Transport of SF6 and 1-4CO2 in the atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM4. Tellus 52B, 1–18.
  • Kritz, MA., Le Roulley, J. C. and Danielsen, E. F. 1990. The China Clipper — fast advective transport of radon-rich air from the Asian boundary layer to the upper troposphere near California. Tellus 42B, 46–61.
  • Lal, D. and Peters, B. 1962. Cosmic ray produced iso-topes and their application to problems in geophysics. Progr. Elementary Particle Cosmic Ray Phys. 6, 1–74.
  • Lambert, G., Polian, G. and Taupin, D. 1970. Existence of periodicity in radon concentrations and in the large-scale circulation at lower altitudes between 40° and 70° South. J. Geophys. Res. 75, 2341–2345.
  • Lambert, G., Polian, G., Sanak, J., Ardouin, B., Bouis-son, A., Jegou, A. and Le Roulley, J. C. 1982. Cycle du radon et de ses descendants: application a l'étude des échanges troposphere—stratosphere. Ann. Geophys. 38, 497–531.
  • Land, C. 1999. Untersuchungen zum globalen Spuren-stofftransport mit dem Atmosphärenmodell ECH-AM4.L39(DLR). Ph.D. Thesis, February 1999, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munchen, Ger-many, available as: Forschungsbericht 1999-32, ISSN 1434-8454, Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raum-fahrt e.V., Köln, Germany.
  • Land, C., Ponater, M., Sausen, R. and Roeckner, E. 1999. The ECHAM4.L39(DLR) atmosphere GCM, Tech-nical Description and Model Climatology. For-schungsbericht 1999-31, ISSN 1434-8454, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., Köln, Germany.
  • Liu, S. C., McAfee, J. R. and Cicerone, R. J. 1984. Radon-222 and tropospheric vertical transport. J. Geo-phys. Res. 89, D5, 7291–7297.
  • Maryon, R. H. and Best, M. J. 1992. ‘NAME’, ATMES' and the boundary layer problem. Met 0 (PR) Turbu-lence and Diffusion Note No. 204, Met. Office, Brack-nell, UK.
  • Maryon, R. H., Smith, F. B., Conway, B. J. and Goddard, D. M. 1991. The UK Nuclear Accident Model. Progr. Nucl. Energy 26, 85–104.
  • Merrill, J. T., Uetmatsu, M. and Bleck, R. 1989. Meteoro-logical analysis of long range transport of mineral aerosols over the North Pacific. J. Geophys. Res. 94, 8584–8598.
  • Mishra, V. C., Rangarajan, C. and Eapen, C. D. 1980. National radioactivity of the atmosphere over the Indian land mass, inside deep mines and over adjoining oceans. In: Natural radiation environment III (eds. T. F. Gesell and W. M. Lowder). US Department of Energy, Special Symposium Series 51, CONF 780422, 327-346.
  • Nazaroff, W. W. 1992. Radon transport from soil to air. Rev. Geophys. 30, 137–160.
  • Polian, G., Lambert, G., Ardouin, B. and Jegou, A. 1986. Long-range transport of continental radon in Sub-antarctic and Antarctic areas. Tellus 38B, 178-189.
  • Press, W. H., Flannery, B. P., Teukolsky, S. A. and Vetterling, W. T. 1990. Numerical recipes — the art of scientific computing (FORTRAN version), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
  • Rasch, P. J. and Williamson, D. L. 1990a. On shape-preserving interpolation and semi-Lagrangian trans-port. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 11, 656–687.
  • Rasch, P.J. and Williamson, D. L. 1990b. Computational aspects of moisture transport in global models of the atmosphere. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 116, 1071-1090.
  • Roeckner E., Arpe, K., Bengtsson, L., Brinkop, S., DUmenil, L., Esch, M., Kirk, E., Lunkeit, F., Ponater, M., Rockel, B., Sausen, R., Schlese, U., Schubert, S. and Windelband, M. 1992. Simulation of the present-day climate with the ECHAM model: impact of model physics and resolution. Report No. 93, ISSN 0937-1060, Max-Planck-Institut far Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany.
  • Roeckner, E., Arpe, K., Bengtsson, L., Christoph, M., Claussen, M., Diimenil, L., Esch, M., Giorgetta, M., Schlese, U. and Schulzweida, U. 1996. The atmo-spheric general circulation model ECHAM-4: model description and simulation of present-day climate. Report No. 218, ISSN 0937-1060, Max-Planck-Institut fur Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany.
  • Rood, R. B. 1987. Numerical advection algorithms and their role in atmospheric transport and chemistry models. Rev. Geophys. 25, 71–100.
  • Schery, S. D., Whittlestone, S., Hart, K. P. and Hill, S. E. 1989. The flux of radon and thoron from Australian soils. J. Geophys. Res. 94, 8567–8576.
  • Stevenson, D. S., Collins, W. J., Johnson, C. E. and Derwent, R. G. 1998. Intercomparison and evaluation of atmospheric transport in a Lagrangian model (STOCHEM), and an Eulerian model (UM), using 222Rn as a short-lived tracer. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 124, 2477–2491.
  • Stockwell, D. Z., Kritz, M. A., Chipperfield, M. P. and Pyle, J. A. 1998. Validation of an off-line three-dimen-sional chemical transport model using observed radon profiles, 2. Model results. J. Geophys. Res. 103, D7, 8433–8445.
  • Turekian, K. K., Nozaki, Y. and Benninger, L. K. 1977. Geochemistry of atmospheric radon and radon prod-ucts. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 5, 227–255.
  • van Velthoven, P. F. J., Sausen, R., Johnson, C. E., Kelder, H., Kohler, I., Kraus, A. B., Ramaroson, R., Rohrer, F., Stevenson, D., Strand, A. and Wauben, W. M. F. 1997. The passive transport of NO emissions from aircraft studied with a hierarchy of models. Atmos. Environ. 31, 1783–1799.
  • Walton, J. J., MacCracken, M. C. and Ghan, S. J. 1988. A global-scale Lagrangian trace species model of transport, transformation, and removal processes. J. Geophys. Res. 93, D7,8339–8354.
  • WCRP (WMO/ICSU/IOC World Climate Research Programme), 1999. CAS/ JSC Working Group on Numerical Experimentation: Global tracer transport models — proceedings of a WCRP workshop on mod-elling the transport and scavenging of trace constitu-ents by clouds in global atmospheric models (Cambridge, UK, 1-4 August 1995). WMO Weather Prediction Research Programmes Report No. 29, edited by P. Rasch, May 1999, WMO/TD-No. 950.
  • Whittlestone, S., Robinson, E. and Ryan, S. 1992. Radon at the Mauna Loa Observatory: transport from distant continents. Atmos. Environ. 26A, 251–260.
  • Wilkening, M. H. 1959. Daily and annual courses of natural atmospheric radioactivity. J. Geophys. Res. 64, 521–526.
  • Wilkening, M. H. and Clements, W. E. 1975. Radon-222 from the ocean surface. J. Geophys. Res. 80, 3828-3830.
  • Wilkening, M. H., Clements, W. E. and Stanley, D. 1975. Radon-222 flux measurements in widely separated regions. In: The natural radiation environment ll (eds. J. A. S. Adams et al). USERDA CONF-720805, US Energy and Res. Dev. Admin., Oak Ridge, Tenn., 717-730.
  • Williamson, D. L. and Rasch, P. J. 1989. Two-dimensional semi-Lagrangian transport with shape-preserving interpolation. Mon. Wea. Rev. 117, 102–129.
  • Williamson, D. L. and Rasch, P. J. 1994. Water vapor transport in the NCAR CCM2. Tellus 46A, 34–51.