Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenic Fever

References

• . Klastersky J. Management of fever in neutropenic patients with different risks of complications. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39( suppl 1):S32–S37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Sickles EA, Green WH, Wiernik PH, . Clinical presentation in granulopenic patients. Arch Intern Med. 1975;135(5):715–719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Schimpff S, Satterlee W, Mae Young V, . Empiric therapy with carbenicillin and gentamicin for febrile patients with cancer and granulocytopenia. N Engl J Med. 1971;284(19):1061–1065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Freifeld AG, Bow EJ, Sepkowitz KA, ; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical practice guideline for the use of antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with cancer: 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(4):e56–e93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Prevention and treatment of cancer-related infections. Version 2.2011. http://www.nccn.org. Accessed December 3, 2012
   Google Scholar
• . Sepkowitz KA, Brown AE, Telzak EE, Gottlieb S, Armstrong D. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among patients without AIDS at a cancer hospital. JAMA. 1992;267(6):832–837
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Sipsas NV, Bodey GP, Kontoyiannis DP. Perspectives for the management of febrile neutropenic patients with cancer in the 21st century. Cancer. 2005;103(6):1103–1113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Klastersky J, Paesmans M, Ameye L, . Bacteremia in febrile neutropenic cancer patients. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2007;30( suppl 1):s51–s59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Jahagirdar BN, Morrison VA. Emerging fungal pathogens in patients with hematologic malignancies and marrow/stem-cell transplant recipients. Semin Resp Infect. 2002;17(2):113–120
   Google Scholar
• . Bow EJ. Invasive fungal infection in haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: epidemiology from the transplant physician's viewpoint. Mycopathologia. 2009;168(6):283–297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Klastersky J, Paesmans M, Rubenstein, EB, . The Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer risk index: a multinational scoring system for identifying low-risk febrile neutropenic cancer patients. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18(16):3038–3051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Heussel CP, Kauczor HU, Heussel GE, . Pneumonia in febrile neutropenic patients and in bone marrow and blood stem-cell transplant recipients: use of high resolution computed tomography. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17(3):796–805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Caillot D, Casanovas O, Bernard A, . Improved management of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in neutropenic patients using early thoracic computed tomographic scan and surgery. J Clin Oncol. 1997;15(1):139–147
   Google Scholar
• . Paesmans M, Klasterky J, Maertens J, . Predicting febrile neutropenic patients at low risk using the MASCC score: does bacteremia matter? Support Care Cancer. 2011;19(7):1001–1008
   Google Scholar
• . Uys A, Rapoport BL, Anderson R. Febrile neutropenia: a prospective study to validate the Multinational Association of Supportive Care of Cancer (MASCC) risk index score. Support Care Cancer. 2004;12(8):555–560
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Kern WV, Cometta A, deBock R, . Oral versus intravenous empiric therapy for fever in patients with granulocytopenia who are receiving cancer chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(5):312–318
   Google Scholar
• . Perrone J, Hollander JE, Datner EM. Emergency department evaluation of patients with fever and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. J Emerg Med. 2004;27(2):115–119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Ozer H, Mirtsching B, Rader M, . Neutropenic events in community practices reduced by first and subsequent cycle pegfilgrastim use. Oncologist. 2007;12(4):484–494
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Antoniadou A, Giamarellou H. Fever of unknown origin in febrile leukopenia. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2007;21(4):1055–1090
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Carlet JM, . Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34(1):17–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Rolston KV. Challenges in the treatment of infections caused by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in patients with cancer and neutropenia. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40( suppl 4):s246–s252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Cornetta A, Calandra T, Gaya H, . Monotherapy with meropenem versus combination therapy with ceftazidime plus amikacin as empiric therapy for fever in granulocytopenic patients with cancer. Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy. 1996;40(5):1108–1115
   Google Scholar
• . Pizzo PA, Hathorn JW, Hiemenz J, . A randomized trial comparing ceftazidime alone with combination antibiotic therapy in cancer patients with fever and neutropenia. N Engl J Med. 1986;315(9):552–558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Klastersky J. The changing face of febrile neutropenia—from monotherapy to moulds to mucositis. Why empirical therapy? J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009;63( suppl 1):i14–i15
   Google Scholar
• . Paul M, Soares Weiser K, Leibovici L. Beta lactam versus beta lactam-aminoglycoside combination therapy in cancer patients with neutropenia: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2003;326(7399):1111–1120
   Google Scholar
• . Raad I, Escalante C, Hachem RY, . Treatment of febrile neutropenic patients with cancer who require hospitalization: a prospective randomized study comparing imipenem and cefepime. Cancer. 2003;98(5):1039–1047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Bow EJ, Rotstein C, Noskin GA, . A randomized, open-label, multicenter comparative study of the efficacy and safety of piperacillin-tazobactam and cefepime for the empirical treatment of febrile neutropenic episodes in patients with hematologic malignancies. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43(4):447–459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Yahav D, Paul M, Fraser A, Sarid N, Leibovici L. Efficacy and safety of cefepime: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007;7(5):338–348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . American Thoracic Society; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;171(4):388–416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Liu C, Bayer A, Cosgrove SE, . Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children: executive summary. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(3):285–292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Wunderink RG, Rello J, Cammarata SK, . Linezolid vs vancomycin: analysis of two double-blind studies of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial pneumonia. Chest. 2003;124(5):1789–1797
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Powers JH, Ross DB, Lin D, Soreth J. Linezolid and vancomycin for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial pneumonia: the subtleties of subgroup analysis. Chest. 2004;126(1):314–315
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Pichichero ME. Cephalosporins can be prescribed safely for penicillin-allergic patients. J Fam Pract. 2006;55(2):106–112
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Sodhi M, Axtell, SS, Callahan J, Shekar R. Is it safe to use carbapenems in patients with a history of allergy to penicillin? J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004;54(6):1155–1157
   Google Scholar
• . Pizzo PA. Management of fever in patients with cancer and treatment-induced neutropenia. N Engl J Med. 1993;328(18):1323–1332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Paul M, Borok S, Fraser A, . Empirical antibiotics against gram-positive infections for febrile neutropenia: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005;55(4):436–444
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Klastersky J, Paesmans M, Georgala A, . Outpatient oral antibiotics for febrile neutropenic cancer patients using a score predictive for complications. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(25):4129–4134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Elting LS, Bodey GP, Keefe BH. Septicemia and shock syndrome due to viridans streptococci: a case-control study of predisposing factors. Clin Infect Dis. 1992;14(6):1201–1207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Rolston KV, Rubenstein EB, Freifeld A. Early empiric antibiotic therapy for febrile neutropenia patients at low risk. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1996;10(2):223–237
   Google Scholar
• . Cloutier RL. Neutropenic enterocolitis. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2010;24(3):577–584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Halsey J. Current and future treatment modalities for Clostridium difficile-associated disease. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2008;65(8):705–715
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Elting LS, Lu C, Escalante CP, . Outcomes and cost of outpatient and inpatient management of 712 patients with febrile neutropenia. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(4):606–611
   Google Scholar
• . Lazarus HM, Creger RJ, Gerson SL. Infectious emergencies in oncology patients. Seminal Oncol. 1989;16(6):543–560
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Bow EJ. Fluoroquinolones, antimicrobial resistance and neutropenic cancer patients. Curr Opinion Infect Dis. 2011;24(6):545–553
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Wingard JR, Eldjerou L, Leather H. Use of antibacterial prophylaxis in patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Curr Opin Hematol. 2012;19(1):21–26
   Google Scholar
• . Cometta A, Calandra T, Billie J, Glauser MP. Escherichia coli resistant to flouroquinolones in patients with cancer and neutropenia. N Engl J Med. 1994;330(17):1240–1241
   Google Scholar
• . Gafter-Gvili A, Paul M, Fraser A, Leibovici L. Effect of quinolone prophylaxis in afebrile neutropenic patients on microbial resistance: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007;59(1):5–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Dellit TH, Owens RC, McGowan JE Jr, ; Infectious Diseases Society of America; Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America guidelines for developing an institutional program to enhance antimicrobial stewardship. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44(2):159–177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Bochud PY, Eggiman, P, Calandra T, Van Melle G, Saghafi L, Francioli P. Bacteremia due to viridans streptococcus in neutropenic patients with cancer: clinical spectrum and risk factors. Clin Infect Dis. 1994;18(1):25–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Ng ES, Liew Y, Earnest A, Koh LP, Lim SW, Hsu LY. Audit of fluoroquinolone prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia in a hospital with highly prevalent fluoroquinolone resistance. Leuk Lymphoma. 2011;52(1):131–133
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Pitout JD, Laupland KB. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae: an emerging public health concern. Lancet Infect Dis. 2008;8(3):159–166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Liss BJ, Vehreschild JJ, Comely OA, . Intestinal colonization and blood stream infections due to vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLE) in patients with haematological and oncological malignancies. Infection. 2012;40(6):613–619
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Cho SY, Choi HY. Opportunistic fungal infection among cancer patients. A ten-year autopsy study. Am J Clin Pathol. 1979;72(4):617–621
   Google Scholar
• . Kibbler CC. Empirical antifungal therapy in febrile neutropenic patients: current status. Curr Top Med Mycol. 1997;8(1–2):5–14
   Google Scholar
• . Wingard JR, Leather HL. Empiric antifungal therapy for the neutropenic patient. Oncology. 2001;15(3):351–369
   Google Scholar
• . Klastersky J. Antifungal therapy in patients with fever and neutropenia—more rational and less empirical? N Engl J Med. 2004;351(14):1445–1447
   Google Scholar
• . Walsh TJ, Finberg RW, Arndt C, ; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group. Liposomal amphotericin B for empirical therapy in patients with persistent fever and neutropenia. N Engl J Med. 1999;340(10):764–771
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Walsh TJ, Teppler H, Donowitz GR, . Caspofungin versus liposomal amphotericin B for empirical antifungal therapy in patients with persistent fever and neutropenia. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(14):1391–1402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes D, ; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48(5):503–535
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Segal BH, Almyroudis NG, Battiwala M, . Prevention and early treatment of invasive fungal infection in patients with cancer and neutropenia and in stem cell transplant recipients in the era of newer broad-spectrum antifungal agents and diagnostic adjuncts. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44(3):402–409
   Google Scholar
• . Walsh TJ, Anaisse EJ, Denning DW, ; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Treatment of aspergillosis: clinical practice guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46(3):327–360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Pascual A, Calandra T, Bolay S, Buclin T, Bille J, Marchetti O. Voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with invasive mycoses improves efficacy and safety outcomes. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46(2):201–211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Boutati EI, Anaisse EJ. Fusarium, a significant emerging pathogen in patients with hematologic malignancy: ten years' experience at a cancer center and implications for management. Blood. 1997;90(3):999–1008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Perfect JR, Marr KA, Walsh TJ, . Voriconazole treatment for less-common, emerging, or refractory fungal infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36(9):1122–1131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Raad II, Hachem RY, Herbrecht R, . Posaconazole as salvage treatment for invasive fusariosis in patients with underlying hematologic malignancy and other conditions. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42(10):1398–1403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Perfect JR. Treatment of non-Aspergillus moulds in immunocompromised patients, with amphotericin B lipid complex. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40( suppl 6):S401–S408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Cuenca-Estrella M, Gomez-Lopez A, Mellado E, Buitrago MJ, Monzon A, Rodriguez-Tudela JL. Head-to-head comparison of the activities of currently available antifungal agents against 3,378 Spanish clinical isolates of yeasts and filamentous fungi. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006;50(3):917–921
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Espinel-Ingroff A, Johnson E, Hockey H, Troke P. Activities of voriconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B in vitro against 590 moulds from 323 patients in the voriconazole phase III clinical studies. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008;61(3):616–620
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Senn L, Robinson JO, Schmidt S, . 1,3-Beta-D-glucan antigenemia for early diagnosis of invasive fungal infections in neutropenic patients with acute leukemia. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46(6):878–885
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Mennink-Kersten MA, Donnely JP, Verweij PE. Detection of circulating galactomannan for the diagnosis and management of invasive aspergillosis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2004;4(6):349–357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Pfeiffer CD, Fine JP, Safdar N. Diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis using a galactomannan assay: a meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42(10):1417–1427
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Cordonnier C, Pautas C, Maury S, . Empirical versus pre-emptive antifungal therapy for high-risk febrile neutropenic patients: a randomized, controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48(8):1042–1051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Fowler VG Jr, Sanders LL, Sexton DJ, . Outcome of Staphyloccus aureus bacteremia according to compliance with recommendations of infectious diseases specialists: experience with 244 patients. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27(3):478–486
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Hanna H, Afif C, Alakech B, . Central venous catheter-related bacteremia due to gram-negative bacilli: significance of catheter removal in preventing relapse. Infect Control Hasp Epidemiol. 2004;25(8):646–649
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Raad I, Hanna H, Boktor M, . Management of central venous catheters in patients with cancer and candidemia. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38(8):1119–1127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Smith TJ, Khatcheressian J, Lyman GH, . 2006 update of recommendations for the use of white blood cell growth factors: an evidence based clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(19):3187–3205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Aapro MS, Bohlius J, Cameron DA, . 2010 update of EORTC guidelines for the use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor to reduce the incidence of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia in adult patients with lymphoproliferative disorders and solid tumors. Eur J Cancer. 2011;47(1):8–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar