18
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

A structured approach to low back pain

Thorough evaluation is the key to effective treatment

, MD
Pages 102-114 | Published online: 30 Jun 2015

References

  • Cherkin DC. Primary care research on low back pain: the state of the science. Spine 1998; 23(18): 1997–2002
  • Miedema HS, Chorus AM, Wevers CW, et al. Chronicity of back problems during working life. Spine 1998; 23(18): 2021–9
  • Waddell G, McCulloch JA, Kummel E, et al. Nonorganic physical signs in low-back pain. Spine 1980; 5(2): 117–25
  • DeLisa JA, Gans BM, Bockenek WL, et al. Rehabilitation medicine: principles and practice. 3d ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1998: 727–30
  • Greenman PE. Principles of manual medicine. 2d ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1996: 18–35
  • Staiger TO, Paauw DS, Deyo RA, et al. Imaging studies for acute low back pain: when and when not to order them. Postgrad Med 1999; 105(4): 161–72
  • Saal JA, Saal JS. Nonoperative treatment of herniated lumbar intervertebral disc with radiculopathy: an outcome study. Spine 1989; 14(4): 431–7
  • Wyant GM. The pain clinic in management of low back pain. In: Kirkaldy-Willis WH, ed. Managing low back pain. 2d ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1988: 365–70
  • Haldeman S, Chapman-Smith D, Peterson DM, eds. Guidelines for chiropractic quality assurance and practice parameters. Proceedings of the Mercy Center Consensus Conference, Aspen, Colo, 1993
  • Shekelle PG, et al. Appropriateness of spinal manipulation for low back pain. Santa Monica: Foundation for Chiropractic Education and Research, 1992
  • Van Tulder MW, Koes BW, Bouter LM. Conservative treatment of acute and chronic nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials of the most common interventions. Spine 1997; 22(18): 2128–56

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.