Osteoporosis in premenopause

References

• Saag KG, Morgan SL, Cao X. Bone in health and disease. In: Koopman WJ, Moreland LW, eds. Arthritis and allied conditions: a textbook of rheumatology. 15th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005: 2473–541
   Google Scholar
• Lewiecki EM. Low bone mineral density in premenopausal women. South Med J 2004; 97(6): 544–50
   Google Scholar
• WHO. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group. WHO Tech Rep Ser 843, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Bainbridge KE, Sowers MF, Crutchfield M, et al. Natural history of bone loss over 6 years among premenopausal and early postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 2002; 156(5): 410–7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slemenda C, Longcope C, Peacock M, et al. Sex steroids, hone mass, and hone loss. A prospective study of pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal women. J Clin Invest 1996; 97(1): 14–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matkovic V, Jelic T, Wardlaw GM, et al. Timing of peak bone mass in Caucasian females and its implication for the prevention of osteoporosis. Inference from a cross-sectional model. J Clin Invest 1994; 3(2): 799–808
   Google Scholar
• Bonnick SL, Nichols DL, Sanborn CF, et al. Dissimilar spine and femoral Z-scores in premenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 1997; 61(4): 263–5
   Google Scholar
• US Department of Health and Human Services. Bone health and osteoporosis: a report of the surgeon general. Washington, DC: US Dept of Health and Human Services, Oct 14, 2004. Available at: www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/honehealth. Accessed April 22, 2006
   Google Scholar
• Biller BM, Saxe V, Herzog DB, et al. Mechanisms of osteoporosis in adult and adolescent women with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989; 68(3): 548–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grinspoon S, Thomas E, Pitts S, et al. Prevalence and predictive factors for regional osteopenia in women with anorexia nervosa. Ann Intern Med 2000; 133(10): 790–4
   Google Scholar
• Fogelholm GM, Sievanen HT, Kukkonen-Harjula TK, et al. Bone mineral density during reduction, maintenance and regain of body weight in premenopausal, obese women. Osteoporos Int 2001; 12(3): 199–206
   Google Scholar
• Bachrach LK, Guido D, Katzman D, et al. Decreased bone density in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. Pediatrics 1990; 86(3): 440–7
   Google Scholar
• Rigotti NA, Nussbaum SR, Herzog DB, et al. Osteoporosis in women with anorexia nervosa. N Engl J Med 1984; 311(25): 1601–6
   Google Scholar
• Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: 2001 update. American College of Rheumatology Ad Hoc Committee on Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44(7): 1496–503
   Google Scholar
• van Staa TP, Leufkens HG, Cooper C. The epidemiology of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 2002; 13(10): 777–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Israel E, Banerjee TR, Fitzmaurice GM, et al. Effects of inhaled glucocorticoids on bone density in premenopausal women. N Engl J Med 2001; 345(13): 941–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berenson AB, Radecki CM, Grady JJ, et al. A prospective, controlled study of the effects of hormonal contraception on bone mineral density. Obstet Gynecol 2001; 98(4): 576–82
   Google Scholar
• Miller KK, Klibanski A. Clinical review 106: Amenorrheic bone loss. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84(6): 1775–83
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hermus AR, Smais AG, Swinkels LM, et al. Bone mineral density and bone turnover before and after surgical cure of Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80(10): 2859–65
   Google Scholar
• Klibanski A, Neer R, Beitins I, et al. Decreased bone density in hyperprolactinemic women. N Engl J Med 1980; 303(26): 1511–4
   Google Scholar
• Cann CE, Martin MC, Genant HK, et al. Decreased spinal mineral content in amenorrheic women. JAMA 1984; 251(5): 626–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koppelman MC, Kurtz DW, Morrish KA, et al. Vertebral body bone mineral content in hyperprolactinemic women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1984; 59(6): 1050–3
   Google Scholar
• Pinchera A, Bertagna XY, Fischer JA, et al. Endocrinology and metabolism. London: McGraw-Hill, 2001
   Google Scholar
• Fasano A, Berti I, Gerarduzzi T, et al. Prevalence of celiac disease in at-risk and not-at-risk groups in the United States: a large multicenter study. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163(3): 286–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delaney MF, LeBoff MS. Metabolic bone disease. In: Ruddy S, Harris ED Jr, Sledge CB, et al, eds. Kelley's textbook of rheumatology. 6th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2001: 1635–52
   Google Scholar
• National Osteoporosis Foundation. Physician's guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Available at: www.nof.org/physguide/index.htm. Accessed April 22, 2006
   Google Scholar
• The International Society for Clinical Densitometry. Indications for bone mineral density (BMD) testing. Available at: www.iscd.org/visitors/positions/officialpositionstext.cfm. Accessed April 22, 2006
   Google Scholar
• Neff MJ; American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG releases guidelines for clinical management of osteoporosis. Am Fam Physician 2004; 69(6): 1558, 1560
   Google Scholar
• Atkinson SA, Abrams SA, Dawson-Hughes B, et al. In: Young V. Dietary reference intake for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D and fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1997: 91–143
   Google Scholar
• Pasco JA, Kotowicz MA, Henry MJ, et al. Oral contraceptives and bone mineral density: a population-based study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 182(2): 265–9
   Google Scholar
• Prior JC, Kirkland SA, Joseph L, et al. Oral contraceptive use and bone mineral density in premenopausal women: cross-sectional, population-based data from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study. CMAJ 2001; 165(8): 1023–9
   Google Scholar
• Palomba S, Orio F Jr, Morelli M, et al. Raloxifene administration in women treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist for uterine leiomyomas: effects on bone metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87(10): 4476–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar