A new family and four new genera in Rhizophydiales (Chytridiomycota)

Literature cited

• AmonJP. 1976. An estuarine species of Phlyctochytrium (Chytridiales) having a transient requirement for sodium. Mycologia 68:470–480.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AmonJP. 1984. Rhizophydium littoreum: a chytrid from siphonaceous marine algae—an ultrastructural examination. Mycologia 76:132–139.
   Google Scholar
• BarrDJS. 1969. Studies on Rhizophydium and Phlyctochytrium (Chytridiales) I. Comparative morphology. Can J Bot 47:991–997.
   Google Scholar
• BarrDJS. 1980. An outline for the reclassification of the Chytridiales and for a new order, the Spizellomycetales. Can J Bot 58:2380–2394.
   Google Scholar
• BarrDJSHadland-HartmannVE. 1978a. The flagellar apparatus in the Chytridiales. Can J Bot 56:887–900.
   Google Scholar
• BarrDJSHadland-HartmannVE. 1978b. Zoospore ultrastructure in the genus Rhizophydium (Chytridiales). Can J Bot 56:2380–2404.
   Google Scholar
• BraunA. 1856. Über Chytridium, eine Gattung einzelliger Schmarotzergewächse auf Algen und Infusorien. Abhandl Berlin Akad 1855:21–83.
   Google Scholar
• CouchJN. 1932. Rhizophydium, Phlyctochytrium and Phlyctidium in the United States. J Elisha Mitchell Sci Soc 47: 245–260.
   Google Scholar
• DavisWJLetcherPMPowellMJ. 2013. Chytrid diversity of Tuscaloosa County, Alabama. Southeastern Naturalist 12:666–683.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de VriesGA. 1962. Keratinophilic fungi and their action. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek J. Microbiol Serol 28:121–133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DoweldAB. 2013. Nomenclatural novelties. Batrachochytriaceae. Index Fungorum 44:1.
   Google Scholar
• DoweldAB. 2014. Nomenclatural novelties. Coralloidiomycetaceae. Index Fungorum 94:1.
   Google Scholar
• Fillipello MarchisioV. 2000. Keratinophilic fungi: their role in nature and degradation of keratinic substrates. In: KushwahaRKSGuarroJ, eds. Biology of dermatophytes and other keratinophilic fungi. Bilbao, Spain: Revista Iberoamericana Micol. p 86–92.
   Google Scholar
• GleasonFHKüpperFCAmonJPPicardKGachonCMMMaranoAVSime-NgandoTLiljeO. 2011. Zoosporic true fungi in marine ecosystems: a review. Mar Freshwater Res 62:383–393.
   Google Scholar
• GriffinDM. 1960. Fungal colonization of sterile hair in contact with soil. Trans Br Mycol Soc 43:583–596.
   Google Scholar
• GrumbtMMonodMYamadaTHertweckCKunertJStaibP. 2013. Keratin degradation by dermatophytes relies on cysteine dioxygenase and a sulfite efflux pump. J Invest Dermatol 133:1550–1555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JanzenDHHallwachsW. 1994. All taxa biodiversity inventory (ABTI) of terrestrial systems. A generic protocol for preparing wild land biodiversity for non-damaging use. Report of an NSF workshop, 16–18 Apr 1993, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 132 p.
   Google Scholar
• HallTA. 1998. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 41:95–98.
   Google Scholar
• JamesTYLetcherPMLongcoreJEMozley-StandridgeSEPorterDPowellMJGriffithGWVilgalysR. 2006. A molecular phylogeny of the flagellated fungi (Chytridiomycota) and description of a new phylum (Blastocladiomycota). Mycologia 98:860–871.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KarlingJS. 1946. Keratinophilic chytrids I. Rhizophydium keratinophilum n. sp., a saprophyte isolated on human hair and its parasite Phlyctidium mycetophagum. Am J Bot 33:751–757.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KazamaFY. 1972a. Development and morphology of a chytrid isolated from Bryopsis plumosa. Can J Bot 50:499–505.
   Google Scholar
• KazamaFY. 1972b. Ultrastructure and phototaxis of the zoospores of Phlyctochytrium sp., an estuarine chytrid. J Gen Microbiol 71:555–566.
   Google Scholar
• Klepac-CerajVHayesCAGilhoolyWPLyonsTWKolterRPearsonA. 2012. Microbial diversity under extreme euxinia: Mahoney Lake, Canada. Geobiology 10:223–235.
   Google Scholar
• LangeLOlsonLW. 1977. The zoospore of Phlyctochytrium aestuarii. Protoplasma 93:27–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LepelletierFKarpovSAAlacidELe PanseSBigeardEGarcésEJeanthonCGuillouL. 2014. Dinomyces arenysensis gen. et sp. nov. (Rhizophydiales, Dinomycetaceae fam. nov.), a chytrid infecting marine dinoflagellates. Protist 165:230–244.
   Google Scholar
• LetcherPMPowellMJ. 2005. Kappamyces, a new genus in the Chytridiales (Chytridiomycota). Nova Hedwigia 80: 115–133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LetcherPMPowellMJ. 2014. Hypothesized evolutionary trends in zoospore ultrastructural characters in Chytridiales (Chytridiomycota). Mycologia 106:379–396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LetcherPMPowellMJBarrDJSChurchillPFWakefieldWSPicardKT. 2008a. Rhizophlyctidales—a new order in Chytridiomycota. Mycol Res 112:1031–1048.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LetcherPMPowellMJChurchillPFChambersJG. 2006. Ultrastructural and molecular phylogenetic delineation of a new order, the Rhizophydiales (Chytridiomycota). Mycol Res 110:898–915.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LetcherPMPowellMJViusentMC. 2008b. Rediscovery of an unusual chytridiaceous fungus new to the order Rhizophydiales. Mycologia 100:325–334.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LetcherPMVélezCGBarrantesMEPowellMJChurchillPFWakefieldWS. 2008c. Ultrastructural and molecular analyses of Rhizophydiales (Chytridiomycota) isolates from North America and Argentina. Mycol Res 112: 759–782.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LetcherPMVélezCGSchultzSPowellMJ. 2012. New taxa are delineated in Alphamycetaceae (Rhizophydiales, Chy-tridiomycota). Nova Hedwigia 94:9–29.
   Google Scholar
• LongcoreJE. 2004. Rhizophydium brooksianum sp. nov., a multipored chytrid from soil. Mycologia 96: 162–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LongcoreJELetcherPMJamesTY. 2011. Homolaphlyctis polyrhiza gen. et sp. nov., a species in the Rhizophydiales (Chytridiomycetes) with multiple rhizoidal axes. Mycotaxon 118:433–440.
   Google Scholar
• LongcoreJEPessierAPNicholsDK. 1999. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis gen. et sp. nov., a chytrid pathogenic to amphibians. Mycologia 91:219–227.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LongcoreJESimmonsDR. 2012. The Polychytriales ord. nov. contains chitinophilic members of the rhizophlyctoid alliance. Mycologia 104:276–294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNeillJBarrieFRBuckWRDemoulinVGreuterWHawksworthDLet al. 2012. International code of nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants (Melbourne Code). Regnum Vegetabile 154. Koeltz Scientific Books. ISBN 978-3-87429-425-6. http://www.iapttaxon.org/nomen/main.php.
   Google Scholar
• MillerCE. 1968. Observations concerning taxonomic characteristics in chytridiaceous fungi. J Elisha Mitchell Sci Soc 84:100–107.
   Google Scholar
• Mozley-StandridgeSELetcherPMLongcoreJEPorterDSimmonsDR. 2009. Cladochytriales—a new order in Chytridiomycota. Mycol Res 113:498–507.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ParkerAJHaskinsEFDeyrup-OlsenI. 1982. Toluidine blue: a simple, effective stain for plant tissues. Am Biol Teacher 44:487–489.
   Google Scholar
• PorterDSmileyR. 1980. Development of the sporangium and discharge apparatus in a marine chytrid, Phlyctochytrium sp. Bot Mar 23:99–115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PowellMJLetcherPM. 2014. Chytridiomycota, Monoblepharidomycota and Neocallimastigomycota. In: McLaughlinDJSpataforaJW, eds. The Mycota VIIA. Austria: Springer-Verlag. p 141–176.
   Google Scholar
• PowellMJLetcherPMLongcoreJE. 2011. Operculomyces is a new genus in the order Rhizophydiales. Mycologia 103: 854–862.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PowellMJLetcherPMChambersJGRoychoudhuryS. 2015. A new genus and family for the misclassified chytrid, Rhizophlyctis harderi. Mycologia 107:419–431.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SikesDSLewisPO. 2001. Beta software 1. PAUPRat: PAUP* implementation of the parsimony ratchet. Storrs: Department Ecology Evolutionary Biology, Univ. Connecticut. Distributed by the authors.
   Google Scholar
• SimmonsDR. 2011. Phylogeny of Powellomycetaceae fam. nov. and description of Geranomyces variabilis gen et comb nov. Mycologia 103:1411–1420.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SparrowFK. 1960. Aquatic phycomycetes, 2nd revised ed. Ann Arbor: Univ Michigan Press. 1187 p.
   Google Scholar
• SparrowFK. 1973. Three monocentric chytrids. Mycologia 65: 1331–1336.
   Google Scholar
• SwoffordDL. 2002. PAUP* 4.0b4a: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods), Sunderland: Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates.
   Google Scholar
• ThompsonJDGibsonTJPlewniakFJeanmouginFHigginsDG. 1997. The Clustal X Windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25: 4876–4882.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UlkenA. 1965. Zwei neue Thraustochytrien aus der Außenweser. Veröff Inst Meeresf Bremerhaven 9: 289–295.
   Google Scholar
• UlkenA. 1970. Phycomyceten aus der Mangrove bei Cananéia (São Paulo, Brasilien). Veröff Inst Meeresf Bremerhaven 12:313–319.
   Google Scholar
• UlkenA. 1972a. Über zwei Phycomyceten aus der Weser-mündung und deren Entwicklung in der Kultur. Veröff Inst Meeresf Bremerhaven 13:205–216.
   Google Scholar
• UlkenA. 1972b. Physiological studies on a Phycomycete from a mangrove swamp at Cananéia, São Paulo, Brazil. Veröff Inst Meeresf Bremerhaven 13:217–230.
   Google Scholar
• UlkenA. 1978. Growth experiments with different isolates of Phlyctochytrium mangrovis (Phycomycetes). Veröff Inst Meeresf Bremerhaven 17:21–31.
   Google Scholar
• VélezCGLetcherPMSchultzSPowellMJChurchillPF. 2011. Molecular phylogenetic and zoospore ultrastructural analyses of Chytridium olla establish the limits of a monophyletic Chytridiales. Mycologia 103:118–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WakefieldWSPowellMJLetcherPMBarrDJSChurchillPFLongcoreJEChenS-F. 2010. A molecular phylogenetic evaluation of the Spizellomycetales. Mycologia 102:596–604.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZwiklDJ. 2006. Genetic algorithm approaches for the phylogenetic analysis of large biological sequence datasets under the maximum likelihood criterion [doctoral dissertation]. Austin: Univ Texas. 115 p.
   Google Scholar