References
- AMRINE, J W; NOEL, R (2006) formic acid fumigator for controlling varroa mites in honey bee hives. International Journal of Acarology 32: 115–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01647950608684452
- BESANA, A M; BARACANI, G; AURELI, S; GALUPPI, R; TAMPIERI, M P; NANETTI, A (2010) Oxalic acid associated to queen caging and Api Life Var in the summer treatment of Varroa destructor infesting the honey bee colonies. In Atti: 26° Congresso Nazionale della Società Italiana di Parassitologia, Perugia, 22–25 Giugno 2010.
- BOURGEOIS, A L; RINDERER, T E; BEAMAN, L D; DANKA, R G (2010) Genetic detection and quantification of Nosema apis and N. ceranae in the honey bee. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 103(1): 53–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2009.10.009
- BÜCHLER, R; COSTA, C; HATJINA, F; ANDONOV, S; MEIXNER, M; LE CONTE, Y; UZUNOV, A; BERG, S; BIENKOWSKA, M; BOUGA, M; DRAZIC, M; DYRBA, W; KRYGER, P; PANASIUK, B; PECHHACKER, H; PETROV, P; KEZIC, N; KORPELA, S; WILDE, J (2014) The influence of genetic origin and its interaction with environmental effects on the survival of Apis mellifera L. colonies in Europe. Journal of Apicultural Research in press.
- CALDERONE, N W; NASR, M (1999) Evaluation of a formic acid formulation for the fall control of Varroa jacobsoni (Acari: Varroidae) in colonies of the honey bee Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in a temperate climate. Journal of Economic Entomology 92: 526–533.
- CHARRIÈRE, J-D; IMDORF, A (2002). Oxalic acid treatment by trickling against Varroa destructor: recommendations for use in central Europe and under temperate climate conditions. Bee World 83: 51 -60.
- COSTA, C; LODESANI, M; BIENEFELD, K (2012) Differences in colony phenotypes across different origins and locations: evidence for genotype by environment interactions in the Italian honey bee (Apis mellifera ligustica)? Apidologie 43(6): 634–642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13592-012-0138-9
- DELAPLANE, K S; VAN DER STEEN, J; GUZMAN, E (2013) Standard methods for estimating strength parameters of Apis mellifera colonies. In V Dietemann; J D Ellis; P Neumann (Eds) The COLOSS BEEBOOK, Volume I: standard methods for Apis mellifera research Journal of Apicultural Research 52(1): http://dx.doi.org/10.3896/IBRA.1.52.1.03
- DIETEMANN, V; NAZZI, F; MARTIN, S J; ANDERSON, D; LOCKE, B; DELAPLANE, K S; WAUQUIEZ, Q; TANNAHILL, C; FREY, E; ZIEGELMANN, B; ROSENKRANZ, P; ELLIS, J D (2013) Standard methods for varroa research. In V Dietemann; J D Ellis; P Neumann (Eds) The COLOSS BEEBOOK, Volume II: standard methods for Apis mellifera pest and pathogen research. Journal of Apicultural Research 52(1): http://dx.doi.org/10.3896/IBRA.1.52.1.09
- FRANCIS, R M; NIELSEN, S L; KRYGER, P (2013) Varroa-virus interaction in collapsing honey bee colonies. PLoS ONE 8(3): e57540. http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057540
- GENERSCH, E; VON DER OHE, W; KAATZ, H; SCHROEDER, A; OTTEN, C; BÜCHLER, R; BERG, S; RITTER, W; MÜHLEN, W; GISDER, S; MEIXNER, M; LIEBIG, G; ROSENKRANZ, P (2010) The German bee monitoring project: a long term study to understand periodically high winter losses of honey bee colonies. Apidologie 41: 332–352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/apido/2010014
- HIGES, M; MEANA, A; BARTOLOMÉ, C; BOTÍAS, C; MARTÍN-HERNÁNDEZ, R (2013) Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia), a controversial 21st century honey bee pathogen. Environmental Microbiology Reports (2013) 5(1): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1111/1758–2229.12024
- IMDORF, A; BUEHLMANN, G; GERIG, L; KILCHENMANN, V; WILLE, H (1987) Überprüfung der Schätzmethode zur Ermittlung der Brutfläche und der Anzahl Arbeiterinnen in freifliegenden Bienenvölkern. Apidologie 18(2): 137–146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/apido:19870204
- IMDORF, A; BOGDANOV, S; KILCHENMANN, V; MAQUELIN, C (1995) Apilife-Var—a new varroacide with thymol as the main ingredient. Bee World 76: 77–83.
- IMDORF, A; BOGDANOV, S; IBÁÑEZ OCHOA, R; CALDERONE, N W (1999) Use of essential oils for the control of Varroa jacobsoni Oud. in honey bee colonies. Apidologie 30: 209–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/apido:19990210
- LODESANI, M; COSTA, C; SERRA, G; COLOMBO, R; SABATINI, A G (2008) Acaricide residues in beeswax after conversion to organic beekeeping methods. Apidologie 39: 324–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/apido:2008012
- LODESANI, M; COSTA, C; FRANCESCHETTI, S (2008) Rilevamenti e ipotesi sulla mortalità degli alveari: Dati di un monitoraggio in alcune province dell'Emilia-Romagna. APOidea 5: 117–124.
- MARTIN, S J (1998) A population model for the ectoparasitic mite Varroa Jacobsoni in honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies. Ecological Modeling 109: 267–281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(98)00059-3
- MARTÍN-HERNÁNDEZ, R; BOTÍAS, C; GARRIDO BAILÓN, E; MARTÍNEZ- SALVADOR, A; PRIETO, L; MEANA, A; HIGES, M (2012) Micro- sporidia infecting Apis mellifera: coexistence or competition. Is Nosema ceranae replacing Nosema apis? Environmental Microbiology 14(8): 2127–2138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462–2920.2011.02645.x
- MAUL, V; KLEPSCH, A; ASSMANNWERTHMULLER, U (1988) The trapping comb technique as part of bee management under strong infestation by Varroa jacobsoni Oud. Apidologie 19: 139–154.
- MEIXNER, M; FRANCIS, R; GAJDA, A; KRYGER, P; ANDONOV, S; UZUNOV, A; TOPOLSKA, G; COSTA, C; AMIRI, E; BERG, S; BIENKOWSKA, M; BOUGA, M; BÜCHLER, R; DYRBA, W; GURGULOVA, K; HATJINA, F; IVANOVA, E; JANES, M; KEZIC, N; KORPELA, S; LE CONTE, Y; PANASIUK, B; PECHHACKER, H; TSOKTOURIDIS, G; VACCARI, G; WILDE, J (2014) Occurrence of parasites and pathogens in honey bee colonies used in a European genotype—environment—interactions experiment. Journal of Apicultural Research, submitted.
- MILANI, N, DELLA VEDOVA, G. (2002). Decline in the proportion of mites resistant to fluvalinate in a population of Varroa destructor not treated with pyrethroids. Apidologie 33: 417–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/apido:2002028
- DE MIRANDA, J R; BAILEY, L; BALL, B V; BLANCHARD, P; BUDGE, G; CHEJANOVSKY, N; CHEN, Y-P; GAUTHIER, L; GENERSCH, E; DE GRAAF, D; RIBIÈRE, M; RYABOV, E; DE SMET, L VAN DER STEEN, J J M (2013) Standard methods for virus research in Apis mellifera. In V Dietemann; J D Ellis; P Neumann (Eds) The COLOSS BEEBOOK, Volume II: standard methods for Apis mellifera pest and pathogen research. Journal of Apicultural Research 52(4): http://dx.doi.org/10.3896/IBRA.1.52.4.22
- MUTINELLI, F; COSTA, C; LODESANI, M; BAGGIO, A; MEDRZYCKI, P; FORMATO, G; PORRINI, C (2010) Honey bee colony losses in Italy. Journal of Apicultural Research 49(1): 119–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3896/IBRA.1.49.1.24
- NANETTI, A; BESANA, A M; BARACANI, G., ROMANELLI, R; GALUPPI, R (2011) Artificial brood interruption in combination with oxalic acid trickling in the control of varroa mite. In Proceedings of42md International Apicultural Congress, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- NANETTI, A; BUEHLER, R; CHARRIERE, J-D; FRIES, I; HELLAND, S; IMDORF, A; KORPELA, S; KRISTIANSEN, P (2003) Oxalic acid treatments for Varroa control. Apiacta 38: 81–87.
- NAZZI, F; BROWN, S P; ANNOSCIA, D; DEL PICCOLO, F; DI PRISCO, G; VARRICCHIO, P; DELLA VEDOVA, G; CATTONARO, F; CAPRIO, E; PENNACHIO, F (2012) Synergistic parasite-pathogen interactions mediated by host immunity can drive the collapse of honey bee colonies. PLoS Pathogens 8(6): e1002735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002735
- OIE (2008). Terrestrial Manual. Varroosis of honey bees. Chapter 2.2.7.
- HOPPE, H; RITTER, W; STEPHEN, E W C (1989) The control of parasitic bee mites: Varroa jacobsoni, Acarapis woodi and Tropilaelaps clareae with formic acid. American Bee Journal 129: 739–742.
- ROSENKRANZ, P; AUMEIER, P; ZIEGELMANN, B (2010) Biology and control of Varroa destructor. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 103: S96–S119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/joip.2009.07.016
- SATTA, A; FLORIS, I; EGUARAS, M; CABRAS, P; GARAU, V L; MELIS, M (2005) Formic acid based treatments for control of Varroa destructor in a Mediterranean area. Journal of Economic Entomology 98: 267–273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-98.2.267
- SIEGEL, S; CASTELLAN JR, N J (1988) Nonparametric statistics for the behavioural sciences (2nd Ed.). McGraw-Hill; USA.
- STATSOFT, INC. (2008) STATISTICA (data analysis software system), version 8.0. www.statsoft.com.
- TENTCHEVA, D; GAUTHIER, L; ZAPPULLA, N; DAINAT, B; COUSSERANS, F; COLIN, M E; BERGOIN, M (2004) Prevalence and seasonal variations of six bee viruses in Apis mellifera L and Varroa destructor mite populations in France. Appiied Environmental Microbiology 70: 7185–7191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.12.7185–7191.2004
- VALERA, F; MARTÍN-HERNÁNDEZ, R; HIGES, M (2011) Evaluation of large-scale dissemination of Nosema ceranae spores by European bee-eaters Merops apiaster. Environmental Microbiology Reports 3: 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1758–2229.2010.00186.x
- VAN DOOREMALEN, C; GERRITSEN, L; CORNELISSEN, B; VAN DER STEEN, J J M; VAN LANGEVELDE, F; BLACQUIÈRE, T (2012) Winter survival of individual honey bees and honey bee colonies depends on level of Varroa destructor infestation. PLoS ONE 7(4): e36285. http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036285