Relationship Between Number and Intensity of Fighting: Evidence From Cow Fighting Tournaments in Valdostana Cattle

References

• Akaike H., 1974. A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE T. Automat. Contr. 19:716-723.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altmann J., 1974. Observational study of behaviour: sampling methods. Behaviour 49:227-267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnott G. Elwood R.W., 2009. Assessment of fighting ability in animal contests. Anim. Behav. 77:991-1004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrette C. Vandal D., 1990. Sparring, relative antler size, and assessment in male caribou. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 26:383-387.
   Google Scholar
• Bartos L. Fricová B. Bartosová-VíchováJ. Panamá J. Sustr P. Smídová E., 2007. Estimation of the probability of fighting in fallow deer (Dama dama) during the rut. Aggressive Behav. 33:7-13.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blumstein D.T. Daniel J.C., 2007. Quantifying behaviour the J Watcher way. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Bøe K.E. Færevik G., 2003. Grouping and social preference in calves heifers and cows. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 80:175-190.
   Google Scholar
• Bouissou M.F. Boissy A., 1995. Le comportement social des bovins et ses conséquences en élevage. INRA Prod. Anim. 18:87-99.
   Google Scholar
• Bouissou M.F. Boissy A. Le NeindreP. Veissier I., 2001. The social behaviour of cattle. In: KeelingL.J. GonyouH.W. ( eds.) Social behaviour in farm animals. CAB Int. Publ., Wallingford, UK, pp 113-145.
   Google Scholar
• Castro I.M.L. Gygax L. Wechsler B. Hauser R., 2011. Increasing the interval between winter outdoor exercise aggravates agonistic interactions in Hérens cows kept in tie-stalls. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 129:59-66.
   Google Scholar
• Castro I.M.L. Gygax L. Wechsler B. Hauser R., 2012. Effect of short and long periods of separation on agonistic behaviour injuries and stress in Hérens cows kept in loose housing. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 136:96-103.
   Google Scholar
• Clutton-Brock T.H. Albon S.D., 1979. The roaring of red deer and the evolution of honest advertisement. Behaviour 69:146-170.
   Google Scholar
• Clutton-Brock T.H. Albon S.D. Gibson R.M. Guinness F.E., 1979. The logical stag: Adaptive aspects of fighting in red deer (Cervus elaphus L.). Anim. Behav. 27:211-225.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clutton-Brock T.H. Hodge S.J. Spong G. Russell A.F. Jordan N.R. Bennett N.C. Sharpe L.L. Manser M.B., 2006. Intrasexual competition and sexual selection in cooperative mammals. Nature 444:1065-1069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collis K.A., 1976. An investigation of factors related to the dominance order of a herd of dairy cows of similar age and breed. Appl. Anim. Ethol. 2:167-173.
   Google Scholar
• Del Bo L. Polli M. Longeri M. Ceriotti G. Looft C. Barre-Dirie A. Dolf G. Zanotti M., 2001. Genetic diversity among some cattle breeds in the Alpine area. J. Anim. Breed. Genet. 118:317-325.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeVries T.J. Von KeyserlingkM.A.G. Weary D.M., 2004. Effect of feeding space on the inter-cow distance, aggression, and feeding behavior of free-stall housed lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87:1432-1438.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Enquist M. Leimar O., 1983. Evolution of fighting behaviour: decision rules and assessment of relative strength. J. Theor. Biol. 102:387-410.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fregonesi J.A. Leaver J.D., 2002. Influence of space allowance and milk yield level on behaviour performance and health of dairy cows housed in straw yard and cubicle systems. Livest. Prod. Sci. 78:245-257.
   Google Scholar
• Forabosco F. Mantovani R., 2011. European and indigenous cattle breeds in Italy. Schiel and Denver Publ., Houston, TX, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Fowler-Finn K.D. Hebets E.A., 2006. An examination of agonistic interactions in the whip spider Phrynus marginemaculatus (Arachnida Amblypygi). J. Arachnol. 34:62-76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbons J.M. Lawrence A.B. Haskell M.J., 2009. Consistency of aggressive feeding behaviour in dairy cows. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 121:1-7.
   Google Scholar
• Grant R.J. Albright J.L., 2001. Effect of animal grouping on feeding behaviour and intake of dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 84:156-163.
   Google Scholar
• Hasegawa N. Nishiwaki A. Sugawara K. Ito I., 1997. The effects of social exchange between two groups of lactating primiparous heifers on milk production dominance order behaviour and adrenocortical response. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 51:15-27.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoem S.A. Melis C. Linnell J.D.C. Andersen R., 2007. Fighting behaviour in territorial male roe deer Capreolus capreolus: the effects of antler size and residence. Eur. J. Wildlife Res. 53:1-8.
   Google Scholar
• Hsu Y. Earley R.L. Wolf L.L., 2006. Modulation of aggressive behaviour by fighting experience: mechanisms and contest outcomes. Biol. Rev. 81:33-74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu Y. Lee I.H. Lu C.K., 2009. Prior contest information: mechanisms underlying winner and loser effects. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 63:1247-1257.
   Google Scholar
• Hsu Y. Wolf L.L., 2001. The winner and loser effect: what fighting behaviours are influenced? Anim. Behav. 61:777-786.
   Google Scholar
• Huynh H. Feldt L.S., 1970. Conditions under which mean square ratios in repeated measurement designs have exact F-Distributions. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 65:1582-1589.
   Google Scholar
• Huzzey J.M. DeVries T.J. Valois P. Von KeyserlingkM.A.G., 2006. Stocking density and feed barrier design affect the feeding and social behavior of dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 89:126-133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jennings D.J. Carlin C.M. Hayden T.J. Gammell M.P., 2010. Investment in fighting in relation to body condition, age and dominance rank in the male fallow deer, Dama dama. Anim. Behav. 79:1293-1300.
   Google Scholar
• Jennings D.J. Gammell M.P. Carlin C.M. Hayden T.J., 2004. Effect of body weight antler length resource value and experience on fight duration and intensity in fallow deer. Anim. Behav. 68:213-221.
   Google Scholar
• Jennings D.J. Gammell M.P. Payne R.J.H. Hayden T.J., 2005. An investigation of assessment games during fallow deer fights. Ethology 111:511-525.
   Google Scholar
• Kemp D.J., 2003. Twilight fighting in the evening brown butterfly, Melanitis leda (L.)(Nymphalidae): age and residency effects. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 54:7-13.
   Google Scholar
• Kondo S. Sekine J. Okubo M. Asahida Y., 1989. The effect of group size and space allowance on the agonistic and spacing behaviour of cattle. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 24:127-135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehner S.R. Rutte C. Taborsky M., 2011. Rats benefit from winner and loser effects. Ethology 117:949-960.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Littell R.C. Henry P.R. Ammerman C.B., 1998. Statistical analysis of repeated measures data using SAS procedures. J. Anim. Sci. 76:1216-1231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mantovani R. Contiero B. Vevey M., 2007. Genetic evaluation of cow fighting ability in the Valdostana breed. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 6(Suppl.1):156-158.
   Google Scholar
• Mattiangeli V. Mattiello S. Verga M., 1999. The fighting technique of male fallow deer (Dama dama): an analysis of agonistic interactions during the rut. J. Zool. 249:339-346.
   Google Scholar
• Maynard SmithJ. Harper D., 2003. Animal signals. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
   Google Scholar
• McElligott A.G. Mattiangeli V. Mattiello S. Verga M. Reynolds C.A. Hayden T.J., 1998. Fighting tactics of fallow bucks (Dama dama Cervidae): reducing the risks of serious conflict. Ethology 104:789-803.
   Google Scholar
• Murphy R.M. Duarte F.A., 1990. Social aggregations in cattle: II. Contributions of familiarity and genetic similarity. Behav. Genet. 20:355-368.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oberosler R. Carenzi C. Verga M., 1982. Dominance hierarchies of cows on Alpine pastures as related to phenotype. Appl. Anim. Ethol. 8:67-77.
   Google Scholar
• O’Connell J. Giller P.S. Meaney W., 1989. A comparison of dairy cattle behavioural patterns at pasture and during confinement. Irish J. Agr. Food Res. 28:65-72.
   Google Scholar
• Oliveira R.F. Almada V.C., 1998. Dynamics of social interactions during group formation in males of the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Acta Ethol. 1:57-70.
   Google Scholar
• Parker G.A., 1974. Assessment strategy and the evolution of fighting behaviour. J. Theor. Biol. 47:223-243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips C.J.C., 2002. Cattle behaviour and welfare. Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Phillips C.J.C. Rind M.I., 2001. The effects on production and behaviour of mixing uniparous and multiparous cows. J. Dairy Sci. 84:2424-2429.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Plusquellec P., 2001. Influence d’une sélection pour la combativité et l’aptitude à la dominance sur le comportement social et la réactivité émotionnelle des bovins domestiques femelles de la race d’Hérens. PhD Diss., University of Paris XIII, France.
   Google Scholar
• Plusquellec P. Bouissou M.F., 2001. Behavioural characteristics of two dairy breeds of cows selected (Hérens) or not (Brune des Alpes) for fighting and dominance ability. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 72:1-21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pusey A.E. Packer C., 1997. The ecology of relationships. In: KrebsJ.R. DaviesN.B. ( eds.) Behavioural ecology: an evolutionary approach. Blackwell, Oxford, UK, pp 254-283.
   Google Scholar
• Reinhardt C. Reinhardt A. Reinhardt V., 1986. Social behaviour and reproductive performance in semi-wild Scottish Highland cattle. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 15:125-136.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roden C. Vervaecke H. Van ElsackerL., 2005. Dominance age and weight in American bison males (Bison bison) during non-rut in semi-natural conditions. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 92:169-177.
   Google Scholar
• ŠárováR. Špinka M. Stěhulová I. Ceacero F. ŠimečkováM. Kotrba R., 2013. Pay respect to the elders: age, more than body mass, determines dominance in female beef cattle. Anim. Behav. 86:1315-1323.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sartori C. Mantovani R., 2010. Genetic of fighting ability in cattle using data from the traditional battle contest of Valdostana breed. J. Anim. Sci. 88:3206-3213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sartori C. Mantovani R., 2013. Indirect genetic effects and the genetic bases of social dominance: evidence from cattle. Heredity 110:3-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAS, 2009. SAS user’s guide: statistics. Version 9.2. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Schirmann K. Chapinal N. Weary D.M. Heuwieser W. von KeyserlingkM.A.G., 2011. Short-term effects of regrouping on behaviour of prepartum dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 94:2312-2319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair A.R.E., 1977. The African buffalo: a study of resource limitation of populations. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Stricklin W.R., 2001. The evolution and domestication of social behaviour. In: KeelingL.J. GonyouH. ( eds.) Social behaviour in farm animals. CAB Int. Publ., Wallingford, UK, pp 83-110.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor P.W. Elwood R.W., 2003. The mismeasure of animal contests. Anim. Behav. 65:1195-1202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von KeyserlingkM.A.G. Olenick D. Weary D.M., 2008. Acute behavioural effects of regrouping dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 91:1011-1016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ware J.H., 1985. Linear models for the analysis of longitudinal studies. Am. Stat. 39:95-101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wierenga H.K., 1990. Social dominance in dairy cattle and the influences of housing and management. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 27:201-229.
   Google Scholar
• Willisch C.S. Neuhaus P., 2010. Social dominance and conflict reduction in rutting male Alpine ibex, Capra ibex. Behav. Ecol. 21:372-380.
   Google Scholar
• Wingfield J.C., 2005. A continuing saga: the role of testosterone in aggression. Horm. Behav. 48:253-255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong M. Balshine S., 2010. Fight for your breeding right: hierarchy re-establishment predicts aggression in a social queue. Biol. Lett. 7:190-193.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zahavi A., 1975. Mate selection. A selection for a handicap. J. Theor. Biol. 53:205-214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar