Bioenergy resources of the Thar Desert

• The International Energy Agency. World Energy Outlook 2012. OECD Publishing, Paris, France (2012).
   Google Scholar
• Malhotra K, Chhabra GK, Jain R, Sharma V, Kumar S. Drought and salinity tolerant biofuel crops for the Thar Desert. In: Plant Acclimation to Environmental Stress. Tuteja N, Singh Gill S (Eds). Springer Science & Business Media, NY, USA, 71–84 (2013).
   Google Scholar
• Kumar MD, Patel A, Singh OP. Rainwater harvesting in the water-scarce regions of India: potential and pitfalls. In: Strategic Analyses of the National River Linking Project (NRLP) of India, Series 2, Proceedings of the Workshop on Analyses of Hydrological, Social and Ecological Issues of NRLP. Amarasinghe UA, Sharma BR (Eds). International Water Management Institute, New Delhi, India, 289–314 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Tewari JC, Harris PJC, Harsh LN, Cadoret K, Pasiecznik NM. Managing Prosopis juliflora (Vilayati babul): A Technical Manual. Central Arid Zone Research Insitute, Jodhpur, India and Henry Doubleday Research Association, Coventry, UK (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. Basic Statistics on Indian Petroleum & Natural Gas. Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India, New Delhi, India (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Central Statistics Office, National Statistical Organisation. Energy Statistics 2012 (Nineteenth Edition).Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation, Government of India, New Delhi, India (2012).
   Google Scholar
• Integrated Energy Policy. Report of the Expert Committee. Government of India, Planning Commission, New Delhi, India (2006).
   Google Scholar
• US Department of Agriculture Foreign agriculture service. Global Agriculture Information Network (GAIN) Report. Biofuels annual. Global Agriculture Information Network, New Delhi, India (2012).
   Google Scholar
• Arora J, Goyal S, Ramawat KG. Biodiversity, biology and conservation of medicinal plants of Thar Desert. In: Desert Plants. Ramawat KG (Ed.). Springer-Velarg, Berlin, Germany, 3–36 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Boden TA, Marland G, Andres RJ. Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO2 Emissions. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, TN, USA (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Singh SP, Singh D. Biodiesel production through the use of different sources and characterization of oils and their esters as the substitute of diesel: a review. Renew. Sustain. Ener. Rev.14,200–216 (2010).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao PV, Baral SS, Dey R, Mutnuri S. Biogas generation potential by anaerobic digestion for sustainable energy development in India. Renew. Sustain. Ener. Rev.14,2086–2094 (2010).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bansal M, Saini RP, Khatod DK. Development of cooking sector in rural areas in India – a review. Renew. Sustain. Ener. Rev.17,44–53 (2013).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Energy Agency. World Energy Outlook 2011. OECD Publishing, Paris, France (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Advisory Group on Energy and Climate Change. Energy For a Sustainable Future. The Secretary General’s Advisory Group on Energy and Climate Change, NY, USA (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Das D, Srinivasan R. Income levels and transition of cooking fuel among rural poor in India. Energy Sci. Technol.4,85–91 (2012).
   Google Scholar
• Srivastava L, Goswami A, Diljun GM, Chaudhury S. Energy access: revelations from energy consumption patterns in rural India. Energy Policy47,11–20 (2012).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Sample Survey Organization. Energy Used by Indian Households. Report No 530. Department of Statistics, New Delhi, India (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Sinha B, Biswas I. Rural Energy Security in India: Reality Checks. Science and Technology for Rural India and Inclusive Growth, India. (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Mathur JN. Indoor air pollution in India – a major environmental and public concern. Icmr Bull.31,1–9 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Balakrishnan K, Mehta S, Kumar P et al. Indoor Air Pollution Associated with Household Fuel Use in India. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Hossain AK, Davies PA. Pyrolysis liquids and gases as alternative fuels in internal combustion engines – a review. Renew. Sustain. Ener. Rev.21,165–189 (2013).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naik SN, Goud VV, Rout PK, Dalai AK. Production of first and second generation biofuels: a comprehensive review. Renew. Sustain. Energy. Rev.14,578–597 (2010).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajkumar .Biomass Power for Rural Energy and Sustainable Development in India, Role of IREDA. Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Ltd, New Delhi, India (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Wright JE. Literature Review of Woody Biomass and Land Use Potential for Community Management in India. The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Swindon, UK (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Shekhawat NS, Phulwaria M, Harish et al. Bioresearches of fragile ecosystem/desert. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. India, Sect. B Biol. Sci.82,319–334 (2012).
   Google Scholar
• Kasera PK, Mohammed S. Ecology of inland saline plants. In: Desert Plants. Ramawat KG (Ed.). Springer-Velarg, Berlin, Germany, 299–318 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Raj Bhansali R. Biology and multiplication of Prosopis species grown in Thar Desert. In: Desert Plants. Ramawat KG (Ed.). Springer-Velarg, Berlin, Germany, 371–401 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Harsh LN, Tewari JC. Prosopis juliflora (Schwartz) DC, a fast growing tree to blossom the desert and its utilisation. In: Proceedings of National Symposium on Prosopis: Ecological, Economic Significance and Management Challenges, 20–21 February 2009. Gujarat Institute of Desert Technology, Gujarat, India (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Patel VJ. Energy plantation for power generation: some case studies. In: Processing Bio-Energy Society Fourth Conservation Symposium. Sharma RN, Vimal OO, Mathur AN (Eds). BioEnergy Society of India, New Delhi, India, 256–262 (1988).
   Google Scholar
• National Academy of Sciences. Firewood Crops; Shrub and Tree Species for Energy Production. Volume 1. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA (1980).
   Google Scholar
• Maninder, Kathuria RS, Grover S. Using agricultural residues as a biomass briquetting: an alternative source of energy. IOSR J. Electric. Electro. Eng.1,11–15 (2012).
   Google Scholar
• Prasad S, Singh A, Joshi HC. Ethanol as an alternative fuel from agricultural, industrial and urban residues Resources. Conserv. Recycling50,1–39 (2007).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giri CC, Shyamkumar B, Anjaneyulu C. Progress in tissue culture, genetic transformation and applications of biotechnology to trees: an overview. Trees18,115–135(2004).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zare S, Tavili A, Darini MJ. Effects of different treatments on seed germination and breaking seed dormancy of Prosopis koelziana and Prosopis Juliflora. J. Fores. Res.22,35–38 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Nandwani D, Purohit SD, Jain SM, Ramawat KG. Propagation techniques in woody plants with special reference to arid and semi arid zone trees. In: Tree Improvement and Biotechnology. Shanmughavel P, Ignacimuthu SJ (Eds). Pointer, Jaipur, India, 16–52 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Murashige T, Skoog F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco cultures. Physiol. Plant.15,473–497 (1962).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nandwani D, Ramawat KG. In vitro plantlets formation through juvenile and mature explants in Prosopis cineraria. Indian J. Exp. Biol.31,156–160 (1993).
   Google Scholar
• Raj Bhansali R. In vitro multiplication of important desert trees. In: Human Impact on Desert Environment. Narain P, Kar A, Kathju S, Singh MP, Kumar P (Eds). Arid Zone Association/Scientific, Jodhpur, India, 405–410 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Kaul ON. Propagating mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) by root and shoot cuttings. Indian Forester82,569–572 (1956).
   Google Scholar
• Walton T, Harris PJC, Batchelor CA. Comparative rooting response of shoot tips from six Prosopis species. Nitrogen Fixing Tree Res. Rep.8,154–155 (1990).
   Google Scholar
• Nandwani D, Ramawat KG. Callus culture plantlets formation from nodal explants of Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. Indian J. Exp. Biol.29,523–527 (1991).
   Google Scholar
• Pullaiah T. Encyclopedia of World Medicinal Plants. Volume I. Regency Publications, New Delhi, India. (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Shekhawat CMS, Singh G, Singh R. Calligonum polygonoides: a blessing for Rajasthan. J. Plant Sci. Res.23,131–132 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Vyas GK, Kumar V, Sharma R et al. Chemical and genetic diversity among some wild stands of Calligonum polygonoides (Polygonaceae) from the Thar Desert of Rajasthan. Rev. Biol. Trop.60,1097–1108 (2012).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Singh G. Influence of soil moisture and nutrient gradient on growth and biomass production of Calligonum polygonoides in Indian desert affected by surface vegetation. J. Arid Env.56,541–558 (2004).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh AK. Endangered economic species of Indian desert. Gen. Res. Crop Evol.51,371–380 (2004).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Central Arid Zone Research Institute. Highlights of Research: Integrated Natural Resources Appraisal, Environmental Monitoring and Desertification. Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, India (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Kumar V, Nagavanl HC, Kumar D, Singh VP. Propagation and growth studies of Calligonum polygonoides (Phog). Indian Forester122(5),377–382 (1996).
   Google Scholar
• Sharma SK, Kumar S, Rawat D, Kumaria S, Kumar A, Rama Rao S. Genetic diversity and gene flow estimation in Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce: a key stone tree species of Indian Thar Desert. Biochem. Syst. Ecol.39,9–13 (2011).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramawat KG, Mathur M, Dass S, Suthar S. Guggulsterone: a potent natural hypolipidemic agent from Commiphora wightii – problems, perseverance, and prospects. In: Biotechnology: Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Plants. Ramawat KG, Merillon JM (Eds). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 101–121(2008).
   Google Scholar
• Kulhari A, Sheorayan A, Kalia S, Chaudhury A, Kalia RK. Problems, progress and future prospects of improvement of Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari, an endangered herbal magic, through modern biotechnological tools: a review. Genet. Resour. Crop Evolv.59,1223–1254 (2012).
   Google Scholar
• Parawira W. Biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas: a review. Sci. Res. Essays5,1796–1808 (2010).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Divakara BN, Upadhyaya HD, Wani SP, Gowda CL. Biology and genetic improvement of Jatropha curcas L.: a review. Appl. Energ.87,732–742 (2010).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy DJ. Oil crops as potential sources of biofuels In: Technological Innovations in Major World Oil Crops, Volume 2. Gupta SK (Ed.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 269–284 (2012).
   Google Scholar
• Hill J, Nelson E, Tilman D, Polasky S, Tiffany D. Environmental, economic, and energetic costs and benefits of biodiesel and ethanol biofuels. Proc. Natl Acad. Life Sci.103,11206–11210 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Razon LF. Alternative crops for biodiesel feedstock. CAB Rev.4(56),1–15 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Chamundeshwari E, Goverdhan S, Swamy NR. Tissue culture studies of Jatropha species: a review. In: Jatropha, Challenges for a New Energy Crop: Volume 2: Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology. Bahadur B, Sujatha M, Carels N (Eds). Springer Science & Business Media, NY, USA, 525–534 (2013).
   Google Scholar
• Swarup R. Biotechnological Interventions to Improve Jatropha Seeds and Oil Quality. The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Oils Fats Today, Kathmandu, Nepal, 39–41 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Openshaw K. A review of Jatropha curcas: an oil plant of unfulfilled promise. Biomass Bioenergy9,1–15 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Purkayastha J, Sugla T, Paul A et al. Efficient in vitro plant regeneration from shoot apices and gene transfer by particle bombardment in Jatropha curcas. Biol. Plant.54,13–20 (2010).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh A, Chaudhary DR, Reddy MP et al. Prospects for Jatropha methyl ester (biodiesel) in India. Int. J. Environ. Stud.64,659–674 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Kumar N. Studies on Regeneration and Genetic Transformation in J. curcas [PhD Thesis]. Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, India (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Sharma V, Ramawat KG, Choudhary BL. Biodiesel production for sustainable agriculture. In: Sustainable Agriculture Reviews. Lichtfouse E (Ed.). Springer Science & Business Media, Dordrecht, Germany, 133–160 (2012).
   Google Scholar
• Abdelgadir HA, Johnson SD, Van Staden J. Promoting branching of a biofuel crop Jatropha curcas L. by foliar application of plant growth regulators. Plant Growth Regul.58,287–295 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Abdelgadir HA, Jäger AK, Johnson SD, Van Staden J. Influence of plant growth regulators on flowering, fruiting, seed oil content, and oil quality of Jatropha curcas. South African J. Bot.76(3),440–460 (2010).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan BZ, Xu ZF. Benzyladenine treatment significantly increases the seed yield of the biofuel plant Jatropha curcas. J. Plant. Growth. Regul.30,166–174 (2011).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mir MR, Mobin M, Khan NA et al. Crop responses to interaction between plant growth regulators and nutrients. J. Phytol.2(10),9–19 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Joshi G, Shukla A, Shukla A. Synergistic response of auxin and ethylene on physiology of Jatropha curcas L. Braz. J. Plant Physiol.23(1),67–77 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Reddy MP, Pamidimarri DVNS. Biology and biotechnology advances in Jatropha curcas – a biodiesel plant. In: Desert plants: Biology and Biotechnology. Ramawat KG (Ed.). Springer, Berlin, Germany, 58–72 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Kumar S, Chaube A, Jain SK. Importance of Jatropha curcas for Indian economy. In: Jatropha, Challenges for a New Energy Crop: Volume 1: Farming, Economics and Biofuel. Carels N, Sujatha M, Bahadur B (Eds). Springer Science & Business Media, NY, USA, 13–30 (2012).
   Google Scholar
• Sujatha M, Reddy TP, Mahasi MJ. Role of biotechnological interventions in the improvement of castor (Ricinus communis L.) and Jatropha curcas L. Biotechnol. Adv.26,424–435 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sudheer DVNP, Mastan SG, Rahman H, Reddy MP. Molecular characterization and genetic diversity analysis of Jatropha curcas L. in India using RAPD and AFLP analysis. Mol. Biol. Rep.37,2249–2257 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen JL, Jia XN, Ni HQ, Sun PG, Niu SH, Chen XY. AFLP analysis of genetic diversity of Jatropha curcas grown in Hainan, China. Trees24,455–462 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Achten WMJ, Verchot L, Franken YJ et al. Jatropha bio-diesel production and use. Biomass Bioenergy32,1063–1084 (2008).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tong L, Shu-Mind P, Wu-Yuan D et al. Characterization of a new stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase gene from Jatropha curcas. Biotechnol. Lett.28,657–662 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kumar N, Reddy MP, Sujatha M. Genetic transformation of Jatropha curcas: current status and future prospects . In: Jatropha, Challenges for a New Energy Crop: Volume 2: Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology. Bahadur B, Sujatha M, Carels N (Eds). Springer Science & Business Media, NY, USA, 535–546 (2013).
   Google Scholar
• Bhandari MM. Flora of the Indian Desert. MPS Repros, Jodhpur, India (1995).
   Google Scholar
• Ndoye M, Diallo I, Gassama/Dia YK. Reproductive biology in Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., a semiarid forest tree. Afr. J. Biotechnol.3,40–46 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Gour VS, Kant T. Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del.: a multipurpose and potential biodiesel tree species of the arid regions. Int. J. Sci. Nat.3(2),472–475 (2012).
   Google Scholar
• Mohamed AM, Wolf W, Spie WEL. Physical, morphological and chemical characteristics, oil recovery and fatty acid composition of Balanites aegyptiaca Del. kernels. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr.57,179–189 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Deshmukh SJ, Bhuyar LB. Transesterified hingan (Balanites) oil as a fuel for compression ignition engines. Biomass Bioenergy33,108–112 (2009).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapagain BP, Yehoshua Y, Wiesman Z. Desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) as an arid lands sustainable bioresource for biodiesel. Biores. Technol.100,1221–1226 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siddique I, Anis M. Direct plant regeneration from nodal explants of Balanites aegyptiaca L. (Del.): a valuable medicinal tree. New Forests37,53–62 (2009).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anis M, Varshney A, Siddique I. In vitro clonal propagation of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. Agroforest. Syst.78,151–158 (2010).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma YC, Singh B. Development of biodiesel from karanja, a tree found in rural India. Fuel87,1740–1742 (2008).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott PT, Pregelj L, Chen N, Hadler JS, Djordjevic MA, Gresshoff PM. Pongamia pinnata: an untapped resource for the biofuels industry of the future. Bioenergy Res.1,2–11 (2008).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bobade SN, Khyade VB. Detail study on the properties of Pongamia pinnata (Karanja) for the production of biofuel. Res. J. Chem. Sci.2,16–20 (2012).
   Google Scholar
• Karmee SK, Chadha A. Preparation of biodiesel from crude oil of Pongamia pinnata. Bioresour. Technol.96,1425–1429 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang Q, Yen SH, Stiller J, Edwards D, Scott PT, Gresshoff PM. Genetic, biochemical, and morphological diversity of the legume biofuel tree Pongamia pinnata. J. Plant Genome Sci.1(3),54–67 (2012).
   Google Scholar
• Sugla T, Purkayastha J, Singh SK, Solleti SK, Sahoo L. Micropropagation of Pongamia pinnata through enhanced axillary branching. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant.43,409–414 (2007).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sujatha K, Hazra S. Micropropagation of mature Pongamia pinnata Pierre. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant.43,608–613 (2007).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kesari V, Ramesh AM, Rangan L. High frequency direct organogenesis and evaluation of genetic stability for in vitro regenerated Pongamia pinnata, a valuable biodiesel plant. Biomass Bioenergy44,23–32 (2012).
   Google Scholar
• Nielsen F, Hill B, Jongh JD, FACT-Arrakis. Castor (Ricinus communis): Potential of Castor For Bio-fuel Production. Second Edition. FACT Foundation, Liverpool, UK (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Scholz V, da Silva JN. Prospects and risks of the use of castor oil as a fuel. Biomass Bioener32,95–100 (2008).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naga Prasad Ch S, Vijaya K. Kumar R et al. Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine with castor oil. Indian J. Sci Technol.2(10),25–31 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Sarıbıyık OY, Özcanlı M, Serin H, Serin S, Aydın K. Biodiesel production from Ricinus communis oil and its blends with soybean biodiesel. Strojniški vestnik. J. Mech. Eng.56(12),811–816 (2010).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alam I, Sharmin SA, Mondal SC et al. In vitro micropropagation through cotyledonary node culture of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). Aust. J. Crop Sci.4,81–84 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Pal A. Production of insecticides. In: Biotechnology Secondary Metabolites Plants and Microbes, Volume 2. Ramawat KG, Merillon JM (Eds). Science Publishers, NH, USA, 131–149 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Shahin-uz-zaman M, Ashrafuzzaman M, Shahidul Haque M, Luna L. In vitro clonal propagation of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) Afr. J. Biotech.7,386–391 (2008)
   Google Scholar
• Abraham RS, Iyer PR. Micropropagation of Azadirachta indica and assessment its fungicidal action. J. Ecobiotech.3,1–4 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Radha KV, Manikandan G. Novel production of biofuels from neem oil. Presented at: World Renewable Energy Congress – Sweden, Bioenergy Technology. Linkoping, Sweden, 8–13 May 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Ezeanyanaso CS, Ajibola VI, Agbaji EB, Okonkwo EM, Okunola OJ, Alhassan Y. Comparative studies of oxidative stability properties of biodiesel produced from Azadirachta indica and Hevea brasiliensis seeds. Greener J. Agri. Sci.2,95–206 (2012).
   Google Scholar
• Joshua M, Garba MA, Nosiri C, Audu AA, Abduljalal D. Comparative study of biodiesel from kernel oils of Jatropha curcas and Azadirachta indica in Zaria Nigeria. Int. J. Pharm. Res. Innovation4,10–15 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Shekhawat NS, Mohnot S, Phulwaria M, Harish, Shekhawat S. Micropropagation of Salvadora oleoides – an oil yielding tree of arid forests. J. Sustain. For.31(7),620–632 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Sharma V, Ramawat KG. Salinity-induced modulation of growth and antioxidant activity in the callus cultures of miswak (Salvadora persica). 3 Biotech3,11–17 (2013).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tilman D, Socolow R, Foley JA et al. Beneficial biofuels – the food, energy, and environment trilemma. Science325,270–271 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Government of India. National Policy on Biofuels. Government of India, New Delhi, India (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Kadekodi G. Common Property Resource Management: Reflections on Theory and the Indian Experience. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Planning Commission. Report of Committee on the Development of Biofuel. Planning Commission, Government of India, New Delhi, India (2003).
   Google Scholar
• The Global Exchange for Social Investment. Global Market Study on Jatropha. Final Report From Aid to Market. The Global Exchange for Social Investment LLP, London, UK (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Reddy AR, Bavaji M, Rao JVS. Micropropogation of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. via cotyledonary nodes. Indian J. Biotech.5,309–311 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Khurana E, Singh JS. Ecology of seed and seedling growth for conservation and restoration of tropical dry forest: a review. Env. Conser.28,39–52 (2001).
   Google Scholar

▪ Websites

• Economic survey of India, 2013 Highlights: Government Sees Good Year Ahead. www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/439951/20130227/economic-survey-india-highlights-optimistic-growth.htm
   Google Scholar
• Biofuels and the Poor. The Bill and Melinda Gates foundation, Case Study – India. http://biofuelsandthepoor.com/case-study-india
   Google Scholar
• FAO. Overall picture of the fuelwood situation in the developing countries. www.fao.org/docrep/X5329E/x5329e04.htm
   Google Scholar
• India: fuelwood, conversion in other energy-producing plants (thousand cubic meters). www.factfish.com/statistic-country/india/fuelwood,%20conversion%20in%20other%20energy-producing%20plants
   Google Scholar
• Draft National Biotechnology Regulatory Bill, 2008. http://dbtindia.nic.in/Draft%20NBR%20Act_%2028may2008.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Biomass Market in a Flux. Down to Earth. www.downtoearth.org.in/content/biomass-market-flux
   Google Scholar
• Technology Innovation Management & Entrepreneurship Information Service. Biomass-based Power Generation. www.techno-preneur.net/technology/new-technologies/energy/generation.html
   Google Scholar
• Consortium for Micropropagation Researchers and Technology Development, Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science & Technology. Protocol: Forest Trees. http://dbtmicropropagation.nic.in/protocols/calligonum.htm
   Google Scholar