A three-party alliance in solid tumors

References

• Egeblad M, Nakasone ES, Werb Z. Tumors as organs: complex tissues that interface with the entire organism. Dev Cell 2010; 18:884 - 901; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2010.05.012; PMID: 20627072
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Available from. . http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/obesity.
   Google Scholar
• Calle EE, Kaaks R. Overweight, obesity and cancer: epidemiological evidence and proposed mechanisms. Nat Rev Cancer 2004; 4:579 - 91; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc1408; PMID: 15286738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoda MR, Keely SJ, Bertelsen LS, Junger WG, Dharmasena D, Barrett KE. Leptin acts as a mitogenic and antiapoptotic factor for colonic cancer cells. Br J Surg 2007; 94:346 - 54; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.5530; PMID: 17212381
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi JH, Park SH, Leung PC, Choi KC. Expression of leptin receptors and potential effects of leptin on the cell growth and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in ovarian cancer cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90:207 - 10; http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-0297; PMID: 15522945
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laud K, Gourdou I, Pessemesse L, Peyrat JP, Djiane J. Identification of leptin receptors in human breast cancer: functional activity in the T47-D breast cancer cell line. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2002; 188:219 - 26; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0303-7207(01)00678-5; PMID: 11911959
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Körner A, Pazaitou-Panayiotou K, Kelesidis T, Kelesidis I, Williams CJ, Kaprara A, et al. Total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin in breast cancer: in vitro and in vivo studies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:1041 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2006-1858; PMID: 17192291
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nomura DK, Long JZ, Niessen S, Hoover HS, Ng SW, Cravatt BF. Monoacylglycerol lipase regulates a fatty acid network that promotes cancer pathogenesis. Cell 2010; 140:49 - 61; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.11.027; PMID: 20079333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balkwill F, Charles KA, Mantovani A. Smoldering and polarized inflammation in the initiation and promotion of malignant disease. Cancer Cell 2005; 7:211 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2005.02.013; PMID: 15766659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell 2011; 144:646 - 74; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013; PMID: 21376230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin EY, Li JF, Gnatovskiy L, Deng Y, Zhu L, Grzesik DA, et al. Macrophages regulate the angiogenic switch in a mouse model of breast cancer. Cancer Res 2006; 66:11238 - 46; http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-1278; PMID: 17114237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu J, Boström P, Sparks LM, Ye L, Choi JH, Giang AH, et al. Beige adipocytes are a distinct type of thermogenic fat cell in mouse and human. Cell 2012; 150:366 - 76; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2012.05.016; PMID: 22796012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilg H, Moschen AR. Adipocytokines: mediators linking adipose tissue, inflammation and immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2006; 6:772 - 83; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri1937; PMID: 16998510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shoelson SE, Herrero L, Naaz A. Obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Gastroenterology 2007; 132:2169 - 80; http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.059; PMID: 17498510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schipper HS, Prakken B, Kalkhoven E, Boes M. Adipose tissue-resident immune cells: key players in immunometabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2012; 23:407 - 15; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2012.05.011; PMID: 22795937
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wentworth JM, Naselli G, Brown WA, Doyle L, Phipson B, Smyth GK, et al. Pro-inflammatory CD11c+CD206+ adipose tissue macrophages are associated with insulin resistance in human obesity. Diabetes 2010; 59:1648 - 56; http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db09-0287; PMID: 20357360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lumeng CN, Deyoung SM, Saltiel AR. Macrophages block insulin action in adipocytes by altering expression of signaling and glucose transport proteins. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 292:E166 - 74; http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00284.2006; PMID: 16926380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Hua S, Tian W, Zhang L, Zhao J, Zhang H, et al. Mitogenic and anti-apoptotic effects of insulin in endometrial cancer are phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt dependent. Gynecol Oncol 2012; 125:734 - 41; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.03.012; PMID: 22426488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisberg SP, McCann D, Desai M, Rosenbaum M, Leibel RL, Ferrante AW Jr.. Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. J Clin Invest 2003; 112:1796 - 808; PMID: 14679176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalmas E, Clément K, Guerre-Millo M. Defining macrophage phenotype and function in adipose tissue. Trends Immunol 2011; 32:307 - 14; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2011.04.008; PMID: 21616718
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Surmi BK, Hasty AH. Macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue: initiation, propagation and remodeling. Future Lipidol 2008; 3:545 - 56; http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/17460875.3.5.545; PMID: 18978945
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coenen KR, Gruen ML, Lee-Young RS, Puglisi MJ, Wasserman DH, Hasty AH. Impact of macrophage toll-like receptor 4 deficiency on macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue and the artery wall in mice. Diabetologia 2009; 52:318 - 28; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-008-1221-7; PMID: 19052722
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monteiro R, de Castro PM, Calhau C, Azevedo I. Adipocyte size and liability to cell death. Obes Surg 2006; 16:804 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1381/096089206777346600; PMID: 16756747
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cinti S, Mitchell G, Barbatelli G, Murano I, Ceresi E, Faloia E, et al. Adipocyte death defines macrophage localization and function in adipose tissue of obese mice and humans. J Lipid Res 2005; 46:2347 - 55; http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M500294-JLR200; PMID: 16150820
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun K, Kusminski CM, Scherer PE. Adipose tissue remodeling and obesity. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:2094 - 101; http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI45887; PMID: 21633177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gruen ML, Hao M, Piston DW, Hasty AH. Leptin requires canonical migratory signaling pathways for induction of monocyte and macrophage chemotaxis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007; 293:C1481 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00062.2007; PMID: 17728393
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutierrez DA, Hasty AH. Haematopoietic leptin receptor deficiency does not affect macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue or systemic insulin sensitivity. J Endocrinol 2012; 212:343 - 51; http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/JOE-11-0338; PMID: 22194312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curat CA, Miranville A, Sengenès C, Diehl M, Tonus C, Busse R, et al. From blood monocytes to adipose tissue-resident macrophages: induction of diapedesis by human mature adipocytes. Diabetes 2004; 53:1285 - 92; http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.53.5.1285; PMID: 15111498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brake DK, Smith EO, Mersmann H, Smith CW, Robker RL. ICAM-1 expression in adipose tissue: effects of diet-induced obesity in mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2006; 291:C1232 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00008.2006; PMID: 16807303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamei N, Tobe K, Suzuki R, Ohsugi M, Watanabe T, Kubota N, et al. Overexpression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in adipose tissues causes macrophage recruitment and insulin resistance. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:26602 - 14; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M601284200; PMID: 16809344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosser DM, Edwards JP. Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation. Nat Rev Immunol 2008; 8:958 - 69; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri2448; PMID: 19029990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mantovani A, Sica A, Sozzani S, Allavena P, Vecchi A, Locati M. The chemokine system in diverse forms of macrophage activation and polarization. Trends Immunol 2004; 25:677 - 86; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2004.09.015; PMID: 15530839
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lumeng CN, Bodzin JL, Saltiel AR. Obesity induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:175 - 84; http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI29881; PMID: 17200717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patsouris D, Li PP, Thapar D, Chapman J, Olefsky JM, Neels JG. Ablation of CD11c-positive cells normalizes insulin sensitivity in obese insulin resistant animals. Cell Metab 2008; 8:301 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2008.08.015; PMID: 18840360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suganami T, Tanimoto-Koyama K, Nishida J, Itoh M, Yuan XM, Mizuarai S, et al. Role of the Toll-like receptor 4/NF-kappa B pathway in saturated fatty acid-induced inflammatory changes in the interaction between adipocytes and macrophages. Arterioscl Throm Vas 2007; 27:84 - 91; http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000251608.09329.9a
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cani PD, Amar J, Iglesias MA, Poggi M, Knauf C, Bastelica D, et al. Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance. Diabetes 2007; 56:1761 - 72; http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db06-1491; PMID: 17456850
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohashi K, Parker JL, Ouchi N, Higuchi A, Vita JA, Gokce N, et al. Adiponectin promotes macrophage polarization toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:6153 - 60; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.088708; PMID: 20028977
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeyda M, Farmer D, Todoric J, Aszmann O, Speiser M, Györi G, et al. Human adipose tissue macrophages are of an anti-inflammatory phenotype but capable of excessive pro-inflammatory mediator production. Int J Obes (Lond) 2007; 31:1420 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803632; PMID: 17593905
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaul ME, Bennett G, Strissel KJ, Greenberg AS, Obin MS. Dynamic, M2-like remodeling phenotypes of CD11c+ adipose tissue macrophages during high-fat diet--induced obesity in mice. Diabetes 2010; 59:1171 - 81; http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db09-1402; PMID: 20185806
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayi TH, Daoudi M, Derudas B, Gross B, Bories G, Wouters K, et al. Human adipose tissue macrophages display activation of cancer-related pathways. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:21904 - 13; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M111.315200; PMID: 22511784
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly PMA, Davison RS, Bliss E, McGee JO. Macrophages in human breast disease: a quantitative immunohistochemical study. Br J Cancer 1988; 57:174 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1988.36; PMID: 2833921
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bingle L, Brown NJ, Lewis CE. The role of tumour-associated macrophages in tumour progression: implications for new anticancer therapies. J Pathol 2002; 196:254 - 65; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/path.1027; PMID: 11857487
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murdoch C, Giannoudis A, Lewis CE. Mechanisms regulating the recruitment of macrophages into hypoxic areas of tumors and other ischemic tissues. Blood 2004; 104:2224 - 34; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-03-1109; PMID: 15231578
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan JX, Buache E, Chenard MP, Dali-Youcef N, Rio MC. Adipocyte is a non-trivial, dynamic partner of breast cancer cells. Int J Dev Biol 2011; 55:851 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.113365jt; PMID: 21948738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang YY, Lehuédé C, Laurent V, Dirat B, Dauvillier S, Bochet L, et al. Adipose tissue and breast epithelial cells: a dangerous dynamic duo in breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2012; 324:142 - 51; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2012.05.019; PMID: 22643115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andarawewa KL, Motrescu ER, Chenard MP, Gansmuller A, Stoll I, Tomasetto C, et al. Stromelysin-3 is a potent negative regulator of adipogenesis participating to cancer cell-adipocyte interaction/crosstalk at the tumor invasive front. Cancer Res 2005; 65:10862 - 71; http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-1231; PMID: 16322233
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dirat B, Bochet L, Dabek M, Daviaud D, Dauvillier S, Majed B, et al. Cancer-associated adipocytes exhibit an activated phenotype and contribute to breast cancer invasion. Cancer Res 2011; 71:2455 - 65; http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-3323; PMID: 21459803
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kushiro K, Chu RA, Verma A, Núñez NP. Adipocytes Promote B16BL6 Melanoma Cell Invasion and the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Cancer Microenviron 2012; 5:73 - 82; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12307-011-0087-2; PMID: 21892698
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wagner M, Bjerkvig R, Wiig H, Melero-Martin JM, Lin RZ, Klagsbrun M, et al. Inflamed tumor-associated adipose tissue is a depot for macrophages that stimulate tumor growth and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2012; 15:481 - 95; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10456-012-9276-y; PMID: 22614697
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willenborg S, Lucas T, van Loo G, Knipper JA, Krieg T, Haase I, et al. CCR2 recruits an inflammatory macrophage subpopulation critical for angiogenesis in tissue repair. Blood 2012; 120:613 - 25; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-01-403386; PMID: 22577176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biswas SK, Mantovani A. Orchestration of metabolism by macrophages. Cell Metab 2012; 15:432 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2011.11.013; PMID: 22482726
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein J, Permana PA, Owecki M, Chaldakov GN, Böhm M, Hausman G, et al. What are subcutaneous adipocytes really good for?. Exp Dermatol 2007; 16:45 - 70; PMID: 17181636
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smolle J, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Woltsche-Kahr I, Haas J, Kerl H. Quantitative assessment of fat cells in subcutaneous metastatic melanoma. Correlation with outcome. Am J Dermatopathol 1995; 17:555 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000372-199512000-00005; PMID: 8599468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cypess AM, Lehman S, Williams G, Tal I, Rodman D, Goldfine AB, et al. Identification and importance of brown adipose tissue in adult humans. N Engl J Med 2009; 360:1509 - 17; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0810780; PMID: 19357406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar