2,722
Views
51
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Basic Research Paper

Autophagy

Resetting glutamine-dependent metabolism and oxygen consumption

, , , , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 1477-1493 | Received 13 Feb 2012, Accepted 22 Jun 2012, Published online: 21 Aug 2012

References

  • Levine B, Kroemer G. Autophagy in the pathogenesis of disease. Cell 2008; 132:27 - 42; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2007.12.018; PMID: 18191218
  • Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Levine B. Methods in mammalian autophagy research. Cell 2010; 140:313 - 26; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.028; PMID: 20144757
  • Wang W, Guan KL. AMP-activated protein kinase and cancer. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2009; 196:55 - 63; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.2009.01980.x; PMID: 19243571
  • Kondo Y, Kanzawa T, Sawaya R, Kondo S. The role of autophagy in cancer development and response to therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2005; 5:726 - 34; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc1692; PMID: 16148885
  • Mizushima N. The pleiotropic role of autophagy: from protein metabolism to bactericide. Cell Death Differ 2005; 12:Suppl 2 1535 - 41; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.cdd.4401728; PMID: 16247501
  • Rabinowitz JD, White E. Autophagy and metabolism. Science 2010; 330:1344 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1193497; PMID: 21127245
  • Onodera J, Ohsumi Y. Autophagy is required for maintenance of amino acid levels and protein synthesis under nitrogen starvation. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:31582 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M506736200; PMID: 16027116
  • Kuma A, Hatano M, Matsui M, Yamamoto A, Nakaya H, Yoshimori T, et al. The role of autophagy during the early neonatal starvation period. Nature 2004; 432:1032 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03029; PMID: 15525940
  • DeBerardinis RJ, Cheng T. Q’s next: the diverse functions of glutamine in metabolism, cell biology and cancer. Oncogene 2010; 29:313 - 24; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/onc.2009.358; PMID: 19881548
  • DeBerardinis RJ, Lum JJ, Hatzivassiliou G, Thompson CB. The biology of cancer: metabolic reprogramming fuels cell growth and proliferation. Cell Metab 2008; 7:11 - 20; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2007.10.002; PMID: 18177721
  • Zielke HR, Ozand PT, Tildon JT, Sevdalian DA, Cornblath M. Reciprocal regulation of glucose and glutamine utilization by cultured human diploid fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol 1978; 95:41 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040950106; PMID: 641112
  • Donnelly M, Scheffler IE. Energy metabolism in respiration-deficient and wild type Chinese hamster fibroblasts in culture. J Cell Physiol 1976; 89:39 - 51; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040890105; PMID: 8468
  • Vander Heiden MG, Cantley LC, Thompson CB. Understanding the Warburg effect: the metabolic requirements of cell proliferation. Science 2009; 324:1029 - 33; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1160809; PMID: 19460998
  • Wise DR, Thompson CB. Glutamine addiction: a new therapeutic target in cancer. Trends Biochem Sci 2010; 35:427 - 33; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2010.05.003; PMID: 20570523
  • Matés JM, Pérez-Gómez C, Núñez de Castro I, Asenjo M, Márquez J. Glutamine and its relationship with intracellular redox status, oxidative stress and cell proliferation/death. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2002; 34:439 - 58; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1357-2725(01)00143-1; PMID: 11906817
  • Bode BP, Fuchs BC, Hurley BP, Conroy JL, Suetterlin JE, Tanabe KK, et al. Molecular and functional analysis of glutamine uptake in human hepatoma and liver-derived cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2002; 283:G1062 - 73; PMID: 12381519
  • Szeliga M, Obara-Michlewska M. Glutamine in neoplastic cells: focus on the expression and roles of glutaminases. Neurochem Int 2009; 55:71 - 5; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2009.01.008; PMID: 19428809
  • Eng CH, Abraham RT. Glutaminolysis yields a metabolic by-product that stimulates autophagy. Autophagy 2010; 6:968 - 70; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/auto.6.7.13082; PMID: 20724823
  • Eng CH, Yu K, Lucas J, White E, Abraham RT. Ammonia derived from glutaminolysis is a diffusible regulator of autophagy. Sci Signal 2010; 3:ra31; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.2000911; PMID: 20424262
  • Nicklin P, Bergman P, Zhang B, Triantafellow E, Wang H, Nyfeler B, et al. Bidirectional transport of amino acids regulates mTOR and autophagy. Cell 2009; 136:521 - 34; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2008.11.044; PMID: 19203585
  • Hanada T, Noda NN, Satomi Y, Ichimura Y, Fujioka Y, Takao T, et al. The Atg12-Atg5 conjugate has a novel E3-like activity for protein lipidation in autophagy. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:37298 - 302; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.C700195200; PMID: 17986448
  • Mizushima N, Yamamoto A, Hatano M, Kobayashi Y, Kabeya Y, Suzuki K, et al. Dissection of autophagosome formation using Apg5-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells. J Cell Biol 2001; 152:657 - 68; http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.152.4.657; PMID: 11266458
  • Hosokawa N, Hara Y, Mizushima N. Generation of cell lines with tetracycline-regulated autophagy and a role for autophagy in controlling cell size. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:2623 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2006.04.008; PMID: 16647067
  • Meister A. Selective modification of glutathione metabolism. Science 1983; 220:472 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.6836290; PMID: 6836290
  • Choi SW, Gerencser AA, Nicholls DG. Bioenergetic analysis of isolated cerebrocortical nerve terminals on a microgram scale: spare respiratory capacity and stochastic mitochondrial failure. J Neurochem 2009; 109:1179 - 91; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06055.x; PMID: 19519782
  • Dranka BP, Hill BG, Darley-Usmar VM. Mitochondrial reserve capacity in endothelial cells: The impact of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 48:905 - 14; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.01.015; PMID: 20093177
  • Shvets E, Fass E, Elazar Z. Utilizing flow cytometry to monitor autophagy in living mammalian cells. Autophagy 2008; 4:621 - 8; PMID: 18376137
  • Kimura S, Noda T, Yoshimori T. Dissection of the autophagosome maturation process by a novel reporter protein, tandem fluorescent-tagged LC3. Autophagy 2007; 3:452 - 60; PMID: 17534139
  • Inoki K, Zhu T, Guan KL. TSC2 mediates cellular energy response to control cell growth and survival. Cell 2003; 115:577 - 90; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00929-2; PMID: 14651849
  • Gwinn DM, Shackelford DB, Egan DF, Mihaylova MM, Mery A, Vasquez DS, et al. AMPK phosphorylation of raptor mediates a metabolic checkpoint. Mol Cell 2008; 30:214 - 26; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2008.03.003; PMID: 18439900
  • Levine AJ, Puzio-Kuter AM. The control of the metabolic switch in cancers by oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Science 2010; 330:1340 - 4; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1193494; PMID: 21127244
  • Yorimitsu T, Klionsky DJ. Autophagy: molecular machinery for self-eating. Cell Death Differ 2005; 12:Suppl 2 1542 - 52; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.cdd.4401765; PMID: 16247502
  • Plomp PJ, Wolvetang EJ, Groen AK, Meijer AJ, Gordon PB, Seglen PO. Energy dependence of autophagic protein degradation in isolated rat hepatocytes. Eur J Biochem 1987; 164:197 - 203; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb11011.x; PMID: 3830181
  • Cheong H, Lindsten T, Wu J, Lu C, Thompson CB. Ammonia-induced autophagy is independent of ULK1/ULK2 kinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:11121 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1107969108; PMID: 21690395
  • Reitzer LJ, Wice BM, Kennell D. Evidence that glutamine, not sugar, is the major energy source for cultured HeLa cells. J Biol Chem 1979; 254:2669 - 76; PMID: 429309
  • Brand K. Glutamine and glucose metabolism during thymocyte proliferation. Pathways of glutamine and glutamate metabolism. Biochem J 1985; 228:353 - 61; PMID: 2861809
  • DeBerardinis RJ, Mancuso A, Daikhin E, Nissim I, Yudkoff M, Wehrli S, et al. Beyond aerobic glycolysis: transformed cells can engage in glutamine metabolism that exceeds the requirement for protein and nucleotide synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:19345 - 50; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0709747104; PMID: 18032601
  • Lemons JM, Feng XJ, Bennett BD, Legesse-Miller A, Johnson EL, Raitman I, et al. Quiescent fibroblasts exhibit high metabolic activity. PLoS Biol 2010; 8:e1000514; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000514; PMID: 21049082
  • Yang C, Sudderth J, Dang T, Bachoo RM, McDonald JG, DeBerardinis RJ. Glioblastoma cells require glutamate dehydrogenase to survive impairments of glucose metabolism or Akt signaling. Cancer Res 2009; 69:7986 - 93; http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-2266; PMID: 19826036
  • Possemato R, Marks KM, Shaul YD, Pacold ME, Kim D, Birsoy K, et al. Functional genomics reveal that the serine synthesis pathway is essential in breast cancer. Nature 2011; 476:346 - 50; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10350; PMID: 21760589
  • Wise DR, Ward PS, Shay JE, Cross JR, Gruber JJ, Sachdeva UM, et al. Hypoxia promotes isocitrate dehydrogenase-dependent carboxylation of α-ketoglutarate to citrate to support cell growth and viability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:19611 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1117773108; PMID: 22106302
  • Metallo CM, Gameiro PA, Bell EL, Mattaini KR, Yang J, Hiller K, et al. Reductive glutamine metabolism by IDH1 mediates lipogenesis under hypoxia. Nature 2012; 481:380 - 4; PMID: 22101433
  • Teperino R, Schoonjans K, Auwerx J. Histone methyl transferases and demethylases; can they link metabolism and transcription?. Cell Metab 2010; 12:321 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2010.09.004; PMID: 20889125
  • Anand R, Marmorstein R. Structure and mechanism of lysine-specific demethylase enzymes. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:35425 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.R700027200; PMID: 17897944
  • Tsukada Y, Fang J, Erdjument-Bromage H, Warren ME, Borchers CH, Tempst P, et al. Histone demethylation by a family of JmjC domain-containing proteins. Nature 2006; 439:811 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04433; PMID: 16362057
  • Klose RJ, Zhang Y. Regulation of histone methylation by demethylimination and demethylation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2007; 8:307 - 18; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm2143; PMID: 17342184
  • Cervera AM, Bayley JP, Devilee P, McCreath KJ. Inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase dysregulates histone modification in mammalian cells. Mol Cancer 2009; 8:89; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-4598-8-89; PMID: 19849834
  • Weinberg F, Hamanaka R, Wheaton WW, Weinberg S, Joseph J, Lopez M, et al. Mitochondrial metabolism and ROS generation are essential for Kras-mediated tumorigenicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:8788 - 93; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1003428107; PMID: 20421486
  • Wellen KE, Thompson CB. Cellular metabolic stress: considering how cells respond to nutrient excess. Mol Cell 2010; 40:323 - 32; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2010.10.004; PMID: 20965425
  • Evans AM, DeHaven CD, Barrett T, Mitchell M, Milgram E. Integrated, nontargeted ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry platform for the identification and relative quantification of the small-molecule complement of biological systems. Anal Chem 2009; 81:6656 - 67; http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac901536h; PMID: 19624122
  • Nishida Y, Arakawa S, Fujitani K, Yamaguchi H, Mizuta T, Kanaseki T, et al. Discovery of Atg5/Atg7-independent alternative macroautophagy. Nature 2009; 461:654 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature08455; PMID: 19794493
  • Ohta T, Masutomi N, Tsutsui N, Sakairi T, Mitchell M, Milburn MV, et al. Untargeted metabolomic profiling as an evaluative tool of fenofibrate-induced toxicology in Fischer 344 male rats. Toxicol Pathol 2009; 37:521 - 35; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623309336152; PMID: 19458390
  • Dehaven CD, Evans AM, Dai H, Lawton KA. Organization of GC/MS and LC/MS metabolomics data into chemical libraries. J Cheminform 2010; 2:9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1758-2946-2-9; PMID: 20955607
  • Storey JD, Tibshirani R. Statistical significance for genomewide studies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:9440 - 5; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1530509100; PMID: 12883005

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.