The role of VEGF₁₆₅b in pathophysiology

References

• Carmeliet P. Angiogenesis in health and disease. Nat Med 2003; 9:653 - 60; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0603-653; PMID: 12778163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrara N, Gerber HP, LeCouter J. The biology of VEGF and its receptors. Nat Med 2003; 9:669 - 76; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0603-669; PMID: 12778165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates DO, Cui TG, Doughty JM, Winkler M, Sugiono M, Shields JD, et al. VEGF165b, an inhibitory splice variant of vascular endothelial growth factor, is down-regulated in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 2002; 62:4123 - 31; PMID: 12124351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cébe Suarez S, Pieren M, Cariolato L, Arn S, Hoffmann U, Bogucki A, et al. A VEGF-A splice variant defective for heparan sulfate and neuropilin-1 binding shows attenuated signaling through VEGFR-2. Cell Mol Life Sci 2006; 63:2067 - 77; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-006-6254-9; PMID: 16909199
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neufeld G, Cohen T, Gengrinovitch S, Poltorak Z. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors. FASEB J 1999; 13:9 - 22; PMID: 9872925
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson CJ, Stringer SE. The splice variants of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and their receptors. J Cell Sci 2001; 114:853 - 65; PMID: 11181169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tischer E, Mitchell R, Hartman T, Silva M, Gospodarowicz D, Fiddes JC, et al. The human gene for vascular endothelial growth factor. Multiple protein forms are encoded through alternative exon splicing. J Biol Chem 1991; 266:11947 - 54; PMID: 1711045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woolard J, Wang WY, Bevan HS, Qiu Y, Morbidelli L, Pritchard-Jones RO, et al. VEGF165b, an inhibitory vascular endothelial growth factor splice variant: mechanism of action, in vivo effect on angiogenesis and endogenous protein expression. Cancer Res 2004; 64:7822 - 35; http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0934; PMID: 15520188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perrin RM, Konopatskaya O, Qiu Y, Harper S, Bates DO, Churchill AJ. Diabetic retinopathy is associated with a switch in splicing from anti- to pro-angiogenic isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor. Diabetologia 2005; 48:2422 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-005-1951-8; PMID: 16193288
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cébe-Suarez S, Grünewald FS, Jaussi R, Li X, Claesson-Welsh L, Spillmann D, et al. Orf virus VEGF-E NZ2 promotes paracellular NRP-1/VEGFR-2 coreceptor assembly via the peptide RPPR. FASEB J 2008; 22:3078 - 86; http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fj.08-107219; PMID: 18467594
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper SJ, Bates DO. VEGF-A splicing: the key to anti-angiogenic therapeutics?. Nat Rev Cancer 2008; 8:880 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc2505; PMID: 18923433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bevan HS, van den Akker NM, Qiu Y, Polman JA, Foster RR, Yem J, et al. The alternatively spliced anti-angiogenic family of VEGF isoforms VEGFxxxb in human kidney development. Nephron, Physiol 2008; 110:57 - 67; http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000177614
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woolard J, Bevan HS, Harper SJ, Bates DO. Molecular diversity of VEGF-A as a regulator of its biological activity. Microcirculation 2009; 16:572 - 92; http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10739680902997333; PMID: 19521900
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribeiro LA, Bacci ML, Seren E, Tamanini C, Forni M. Characterization and differential expression of vascular endothelial growth factor isoforms and receptors in swine corpus luteum throughout estrous cycle. Mol Reprod Dev 2007; 74:163 - 71; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.20589; PMID: 16967516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu J, Dou T, Liu C, Fu M, Huang Y, Gu S, et al. The evolution of alternative splicing exons in vascular endothelial growth factor A. Gene 2011; 487:143 - 50; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2011.06.024; PMID: 21782909
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Artac RA, McFee RM, Smith RA, Baltes-Breitwisch MM, Clopton DT, Cupp AS. Neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor antiangiogenic isoforms is more effective than treatment with proangiogenic isoforms in stimulating vascular development and follicle progression in the perinatal rat ovary. Biol Reprod 2009; 81:978 - 88; http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.109.078097; PMID: 19605786
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ergorul C, Ray A, Huang W, Darland D, Luo ZK, Grosskreutz CL. Levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-A165b (VEGF-A165b) are elevated in experimental glaucoma. Mol Vis 2008; 14:1517 - 24; PMID: 18728749
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawamura H, Li X, Harper SJ, Bates DO, Claesson-Welsh L. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A165b is a weak in vitro agonist for VEGF receptor-2 due to lack of coreceptor binding and deficient regulation of kinase activity. Cancer Res 2008; 68:4683 - 92; http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6577; PMID: 18559514
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catena R, Larzabal L, Larrayoz M, Molina E, Hermida J, Agorreta J, et al. VEGF₁₂₁b and VEGF₁₆₅b are weakly angiogenic isoforms of VEGF-A. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:320; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-4598-9-320; PMID: 21194429
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karni R, de Stanchina E, Lowe SW, Sinha R, Mu D, Krainer AR. The gene encoding the splicing factor SF2/ASF is a proto-oncogene. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2007; 14:185 - 93; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1209; PMID: 17310252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nowak DG, Amin EM, Rennel ES, Hoareau-Aveilla C, Gammons M, Damodoran G, et al. Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) splicing from pro-angiogenic to anti-angiogenic isoforms: a novel therapeutic strategy for angiogenesis. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:5532 - 40; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.074930; PMID: 19906640
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nowak DG, Woolard J, Amin EM, Konopatskaya O, Saleem MA, Churchill AJ, et al. Expression of pro- and anti-angiogenic isoforms of VEGF is differentially regulated by splicing and growth factors. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:3487 - 95; http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.016410; PMID: 18843117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manetti M, Guiducci S, Romano E, Ceccarelli C, Bellando-Randone S, Conforti ML, et al. Overexpression of VEGF165b, an inhibitory splice variant of vascular endothelial growth factor, leads to insufficient angiogenesis in patients with systemic sclerosis. Circ Res 2011; 109:e14 - 26; http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.242057; PMID: 21636803
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merdzhanova G, Gout S, Keramidas M, Edmond V, Coll JL, Brambilla C, et al. The transcription factor E2F1 and the SR protein SC35 control the ratio of pro-angiogenic versus antiangiogenic isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor-A to inhibit neovascularization in vivo. Oncogene 2010; 29:5392 - 403; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/onc.2010.281; PMID: 20639906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díaz R, Peña C, Silva J, Lorenzo Y, García V, García JM, et al. p73 Isoforms affect VEGF, VEGF165b and PEDF expression in human colorectal tumors: VEGF165b downregulation as a marker of poor prognosis. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:1060 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.23619; PMID: 18546269
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergers G, Benjamin LE. Tumorigenesis and the angiogenic switch. Nat Rev Cancer 2003; 3:401 - 10; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc1093; PMID: 12778130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pritchard-Jones RO, Dunn DB, Qiu Y, Varey AH, Orlando A, Rigby H, et al. Expression of VEGF(xxx)b, the inhibitory isoforms of VEGF, in malignant melanoma. Br J Cancer 2007; 97:223 - 30; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6603839; PMID: 17595666
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varey AH, Rennel ES, Qiu Y, Bevan HS, Perrin RM, Raffy S, et al. VEGF 165 b, an antiangiogenic VEGF-A isoform, binds and inhibits bevacizumab treatment in experimental colorectal carcinoma: balance of pro- and antiangiogenic VEGF-A isoforms has implications for therapy. Br J Cancer 2008; 98:1366 - 79; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6604308; PMID: 18349829
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peiris-Pagès M, Harper SJ, Bates DO, Ramani P. Balance of pro- versus anti-angiogenic splice isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor as a regulator of neuroblastoma growth. J Pathol 2010; 222:138 - 47; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/path.2746; PMID: 20662003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rennel ES, Hamdollah-Zadeh MA, Wheatley ER, Magnussen A, Schüler Y, Kelly SP, et al. Recombinant human VEGF165b protein is an effective anti-cancer agent in mice. Eur J Cancer 2008; 44:1883 - 94; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2008.05.027; PMID: 18657413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rennel E, Waine E, Guan H, Schüler Y, Leenders W, Woolard J, et al. The endogenous anti-angiogenic VEGF isoform, VEGF165b inhibits human tumour growth in mice. Br J Cancer 2008; 98:1250 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6604309; PMID: 18349828
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amin EM, Oltean S, Hua J, Gammons MV, Hamdollah-Zadeh M, Welsh GI, et al. WT1 mutants reveal SRPK1 to be a downstream angiogenesis target by altering VEGF splicing. Cancer Cell 2011; 20:768 - 80; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2011.10.016; PMID: 22172722
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao M, Shi X, Liang J, Miao Y, Xie W, Zhang Y, et al. Expression of pro- and anti-angiogenic isoforms of VEGF in the mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2011; 93:921 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2011.10.013; PMID: 22067127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konopatskaya O, Churchill AJ, Harper SJ, Bates DO, Gardiner TA. VEGF165b, an endogenous C-terminal splice variant of VEGF, inhibits retinal neovascularization in mice. Mol Vis 2006; 12:626 - 32; PMID: 16735996
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magnussen AL, Rennel ES, Hua J, Bevan HS, Beazley Long N, Lehrling C, et al. VEGF-A165b is cytoprotective and antiangiogenic in the retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010; 51:4273 - 81; http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.09-4296; PMID: 20237249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehlken C, Rennel ES, Michels D, Grundel B, Pielen A, Junker B, et al. Levels of VEGF but not VEGF(165b) are increased in the vitreous of patients with retinal vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol 2011; 152:298 - 303, e1; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2011.01.040; PMID: 21621189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hua J, Spee C, Kase S, Rennel ES, Magnussen AL, Qiu Y, et al. Recombinant human VEGF165b inhibits experimental choroidal neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010; 51:4282 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.09-4360; PMID: 20237252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricker LJ, Kijlstra A, Kessels AG, de Jager W, Liem AT, Hendrikse F, et al. Interleukin and growth factor levels in subretinal fluid in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a case-control study. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19141; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019141; PMID: 21556354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eremina V, Sood M, Haigh J, Nagy A, Lajoie G, Ferrara N, et al. Glomerular-specific alterations of VEGF-A expression lead to distinct congenital and acquired renal diseases. J Clin Invest 2003; 111:707 - 16; PMID: 12618525
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferguson J, Qiu Y, Sage LM, Neal CR, Bates DO, Harper SJ, et al. Ultrafiltration co-efficient in isolated intact glomeruli from podocyte-specific VEGF165b over-expressing transgenic mice. Microcirculation 14, 643 (Abstract) 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Qiu Y, Ferguson J, Oltean S, Neal CR, Kaura A, Bevan H, et al. Overexpression of VEGF165b in podocytes reduces glomerular permeability. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 21:1498 - 509; http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2009060617; PMID: 20688932
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oltean S, Neal CR, Mavrou A, Patel P, Ahad T, Alsop C, et al. VEGF165b overexpression restores normal glomerular water permeability in VEGF164-overexpressing adult mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 303:F1026 - 36; http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00410.2011; PMID: 22811490
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schumacher VA, Jeruschke S, Eitner F, Becker JU, Pitschke G, Ince Y, et al. Impaired glomerular maturation and lack of VEGF165b in Denys-Drash syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:719 - 29; http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2006020124; PMID: 17267748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy JC, Morris JC, Wang J, English MA, Haber DA, Shi Y, et al. WT1-mediated transcriptional activation is inhibited by dominant negative mutant proteins. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:10878 - 84; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.270.18.10878; PMID: 7738027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiu Y, Bevan H, Weeraperuma S, Wratting D, Murphy D, Neal CR, et al. Mammary alveolar development during lactation is inhibited by the endogenous antiangiogenic growth factor isoform, VEGF165b. FASEB J 2008; 22:1104 - 12; http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fj.07-9718com; PMID: 18032632
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates DO, MacMillan PP, Manjaly JG, Qiu Y, Hudson SJ, Bevan HS, et al. The endogenous anti-angiogenic family of splice variants of VEGF, VEGFxxxb, are down-regulated in pre-eclamptic placentae at term. Clin Sci (Lond) 2006; 110:575 - 85; http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/CS20050292; PMID: 16451124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bills VL, Salmon AH, Harper SJ, Overton TG, Neal CR, Jeffery B, et al. Impaired vascular permeability regulation caused by the VEGF₁₆₅b splice variant in pre-eclampsia. BJOG 2011; 118:1253 - 61; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.02925.x; PMID: 21668772
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bills VL, Varet J, Millar A, Harper SJ, Soothill PW, Bates DO. Failure to up-regulate VEGF165b in maternal plasma is a first trimester predictive marker for pre-eclampsia. Clin Sci (Lond) 2009; 116:265 - 72; http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/CS20080270; PMID: 18826376
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeRoy EC. Systemic sclerosis. A vascular perspective. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1996; 22:675 - 94; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0889-857X(05)70295-7; PMID: 8923590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manetti M, Guiducci S, Ibba-Manneschi L, Matucci-Cerinic M. Mechanisms in the loss of capillaries in systemic sclerosis: angiogenesis versus vasculogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 14:6A 1241 - 54; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01027.x; PMID: 20132409
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Simpson A, Custovic A, Tepper R, Graves P, Stern DA, Jones M, et al. Genetic variation in vascular endothelial growth factor-a and lung function. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 185:1197 - 204; http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201112-2191OC; PMID: 22461367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris S, Craze M, Newton J, Fisher M, Shima DT, Tozer GM, et al. Do anti-angiogenic VEGF (VEGFxxxb) isoforms exist? A cautionary tale. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35231; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035231; PMID: 22567098
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qiu Y, Hoareau-Aveilla C, Oltean S, Harper SJ, Bates DO. The anti-angiogenic isoforms of VEGF in health and disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2009; 37:1207 - 13; http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BST0371207; PMID: 19909248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baba T, McLeod DS, Edwards MM, Merges C, Sen T, Sinha D, et al. VEGF 165 b in the developing vasculatures of the fetal human eye. Dev Dyn 2012; 241:595 - 607; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.23743; PMID: 22275161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipinski DM, Singh MS, MacLaren RE. Assessment of cone survival in response to CNTF, GDNF, and VEGF165b in a novel ex vivo model of end-stage retinitis pigmentosa. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:7340 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.11-7996; PMID: 21873685
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glass CA, Harper SJ, Bates DO. The anti-angiogenic VEGF isoform VEGF165b transiently increases hydraulic conductivity, probably through VEGF receptor 1 in vivo. J Physiol 2006; 572:243 - 57; PMID: 16423853
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates DO, Hillman NJ, Williams B, Neal CR, Pocock TM. Regulation of microvascular permeability by vascular endothelial growth factors. J Anat 2002; 200:581 - 97; http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00066.x; PMID: 12162726
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baltes-Breitwisch MM, Artac RA, Bott RC, McFee RM, Kerl JG, Clopton DT, et al. Neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor antiangiogenic isoforms or administration of proangiogenic isoforms stimulates vascular development in the rat testis. Reproduction 2010; 140:319 - 29; http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/REP-09-0456; PMID: 20457593
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar