4,423
Views
150
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Vitamin D

Update 2013: From rickets prophylaxis to general preventive healthcare

, , , &
Pages 331-347 | Received 15 Jul 2013, Accepted 08 Oct 2013, Published online: 05 Nov 2013

References

  • Wacker M, Holick MF. Vitamin D - effects on skeletal and extraskeletal health and the need for supplementation. Nutrients 2013; 5:111 - 48; http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu5010111; PMID: 23306192
  • Gröber U, Holick MF, Vitamin D. Die Heilkraft des Sonnenvitamins. 2.Auflage, 304 S., Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart, 2013.
  • Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med 2007; 357:266 - 81; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra070553; PMID: 17634462
  • Hossein-nezhad A, Spira A, Holick MF. Influence of vitamin D status and vitamin D3 supplementation on genome wide expression of white blood cells: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58725; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058725; PMID: 23527013
  • Gröber U, Mücke R, Adamietz IA, et al. Komplementärer Einsatz von Antioxidanzien und Mikronährstoffen in der Onkologie - Update 2013. Onkologie 2013; 19:136 - 43; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00761-012-2385-9
  • Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Gordon CM, Hanley DA, Heaney RP, Murad MH, Weaver CM, Endocrine Society. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:1911 - 30; http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-0385; PMID: 21646368
  • Grant WB, Tangpricha V, Vitamin D. Vitamin D: Its role in disease prevention. Dermatoendocrinol 2012; 4:81 - 3; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/derm.20435; PMID: 22928061
  • Mohr SB, Gorham ED, Alcaraz JE, Kane CI, Macera CA, Parsons JK, Wingard DL, Garland CF. Does the evidence for an inverse relationship between serum vitamin D status and breast cancer risk satisfy the Hill criteria?. Dermatoendocrinol 2012; 4:152 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/derm.20449; PMID: 22928071
  • Zittermann A, Iodice S, Pilz S, Grant WB, Bagnardi V, Gandini S. Vitamin D deficiency and mortality risk in the general population: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:91 - 100; http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.014779; PMID: 22170374
  • Pludowski P, Holick MF, Pilz S, Wagner CL, Hollis BW, Grant WB, Shoenfeld Y, Lerchbaum E, Llewellyn DJ, Kienreich K, et al. Vitamin D effects on musculoskeletal health, immunity, autoimmunity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, fertility, pregnancy, dementia and mortality-a review of recent evidence. Autoimmun Rev 2013; 12:976 - 89; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2013.02.004; PMID: 23542507
  • Schöttker B, Haug U, Schomburg L, Köhrle J, Perna L, Müller H, Holleczek B, Brenner H. Strong associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with all-cause, cardiovascular, cancer, and respiratory disease mortality in a large cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 97:782 - 93; http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.047712; PMID: 23446902
  • Valcour A, Blocki F, Hawkins DM, Rao SD. Effects of age and serum 25-OH-vitamin D on serum parathyroid hormone levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:3989 - 95; http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-2276; PMID: 22933544
  • Peiris AN, Youssef D, Grant WB. Secondary hyperparathyroidism: benign bystander or culpable contributor to adverse health outcomes?. South Med J 2012; 105:36 - 42; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/SMJ.0b013e31823c4155; PMID: 22189665
  • Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Gordon CM, Hanley DA, Heaney RP, Murad MH, Weaver CM. Guidelines for preventing and treating vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency revisited. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:1153 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-2601; PMID: 22442274
  • Sohl E, van Schoor NM, de Jongh RT, Visser M, Deeg DJ, Lips P. Vitamin D status is associated with functional limitations and functional decline in older individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:E1483 - 90; http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-1698; PMID: 23864700
  • Busse B, Bale HA, Zimmermann EA, Panganiban B, Barth HD, Carriero A, Vettorazzi E, Zustin J, Hahn M, Ager JW 3rd, et al. Vitamin D deficiency induces early signs of aging in human bone, increasing the risk of fracture. Sci Transl Med 2013; 5:93ra88; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3006286; PMID: 23843449
  • Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Willett WC, Orav EJ, Lips P, Meunier PJ, Lyons RA, Flicker L, Wark J, Jackson RD, Cauley JA, et al. A pooled analysis of vitamin D dose requirements for fracture prevention. N Engl J Med 2012; 367:40 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1109617; PMID: 22762317
  • Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Borchers M, Gudat F, Dürmüller U, Stähelin HB, Dick W. Vitamin D receptor expression in human muscle tissue decreases with age. J Bone Miner Res 2004; 19:265 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2004.19.2.265; PMID: 14969396
  • Ceglia L, da Silva Morais M, Park LK, Morris E, Harris SS, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Fielding RA, Dawson-Hughes B. Multi-step immunofluorescent analysis of vitamin D receptor loci and myosin heavy chain isoforms in human skeletal muscle. J Mol Histol 2010; 41:137 - 42; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10735-010-9270-x; PMID: 20549314
  • Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dawson-Hughes B, Staehelin HB, Orav JE, Stuck AE, Theiler R, Wong JB, Egli A, Kiel DP, Henschkowski J. Fall prevention with supplemental and active forms of vitamin D: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2009; 339:b3692; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b3692; PMID: 19797342
  • Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Willett WC, Orav EJ, et al. Re: Fall prevention with Vitamin D. Clarifications needed. http://wwwbmjcom/content/339/bmjb3692?tab=responses (access: Feb132012), 2011.
  • Priemel M, von Domarus C, Klatte TO, Kessler S, Schlie J, Meier S, Proksch N, Pastor F, Netter C, Streichert T, et al. Bone mineralization defects and vitamin D deficiency: histomorphometric analysis of iliac crest bone biopsies and circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D in 675 patients. J Bone Miner Res 2010; 25:305 - 12; http://dx.doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.090728; PMID: 19594303
  • Stein SH, Tipton DA. Vitamin D and its impact on oral health--an update. J Tenn Dent Assoc 2011; 91:30 - 3, quiz 34-5; PMID: 21748977
  • Hujoel PP. Vitamin D and dental caries in controlled clinical trials: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2013; 71:88 - 97; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00544.x; PMID: 23356636
  • Dobnig H, Pilz S, Scharnagl H, Renner W, Seelhorst U, Wellnitz B, Kinkeldei J, Boehm BO, Weihrauch G, Maerz W. Independent association of low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d levels with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168:1340 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.168.12.1340; PMID: 18574092
  • Palm TA. The geographical distribution and aetiology of rickets. Practitioner 1890; XLV:270 - 342
  • Hess AF, Unger LJ. The cure of infantile rickets by sunlight. J Am Med Assoc 1921; 77:39 - 41; http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1921.02630270037013
  • Havinga E. Vitamin D, example and challenge. Experientia 1973; 29:1181 - 93; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01935064; PMID: 4758912
  • Hoffman FL. The mortality from cancer throughout the world: Prudential Press; 1916.
  • Peller S, Stephenson CS. Skin Irritation and Cancer in the US Navy. Am J Med Sci 1937; 194:326 - 33; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000441-193709000-00004
  • Apperly FL. The Relation of Solar Radiation to Cancer Mortality in North America. Cancer Res 1941; 1:191 - 5
  • Garland CF, Garland FC. Do sunlight and vitamin D reduce the likelihood of colon cancer?. Int J Epidemiol 1980; 9:227 - 31; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/9.3.227; PMID: 7440046
  • Garland CF, Comstock GW, Garland FC, Helsing KJ, Shaw EK, Gorham ED. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and colon cancer: eight-year prospective study. Lancet 1989; 2:1176 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(89)91789-3; PMID: 2572900
  • Lefkowitz ES, Garland CF. Sunlight, vitamin D, and ovarian cancer mortality rates in US women. Int J Epidemiol 1994; 23:1133 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/23.6.1133; PMID: 7721513
  • Garland FC, Garland CF, Gorham ED, Young JF. Geographic variation in breast cancer mortality in the United States: a hypothesis involving exposure to solar radiation. Prev Med 1990; 19:614 - 22; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-7435(90)90058-R; PMID: 2263572
  • Mizoue T. Ecological study of solar radiation and cancer mortality in Japan. Health Phys 2004; 87:532 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.HP.0000137179.03423.0b; PMID: 15551791
  • Hanchette CL, Schwartz GG. Geographic patterns of prostate cancer mortality. Evidence for a protective effect of ultraviolet radiation. Cancer 1992; 70:2861 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19921215)70:12<2861::AID-CNCR2820701224>3.0.CO;2-G; PMID: 1451068
  • Grant WB. An estimate of premature cancer mortality in the U.S. due to inadequate doses of solar ultraviolet-B radiation. Cancer 2002; 94:1867 - 75; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.10427; PMID: 11920550
  • Grant WB. Ecological studies of the UVB-vitamin D-cancer hypothesis. Anticancer Res 2012; 32:223 - 36; PMID: 22213311
  • Grant WB. Update on evidence that support a role of solar ultraviolet-B irradiance in reducing cancer risk. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2013; 13:140 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152013804487425; PMID: 23094927
  • Boscoe FP, Schymura MJ. Solar ultraviolet-B exposure and cancer incidence and mortality in the United States, 1993-2002. BMC Cancer 2006; 6:264; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-6-264; PMID: 17096841
  • Knight JA, Lesosky M, Barnett H, Raboud JM, Vieth R. Vitamin D and reduced risk of breast cancer: a population-based case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007; 16:422 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0865; PMID: 17372236
  • Luscombe CJ, Fryer AA, French ME, Liu S, Saxby MF, Jones PW, Strange RC. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation: association with susceptibility and age at presentation with prostate cancer. Lancet 2001; 358:641 - 2; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05788-9; PMID: 11530156
  • Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Rimm EB, Hollis BW, Fuchs CS, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. Prospective study of predictors of vitamin D status and cancer incidence and mortality in men. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006; 98:451 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djj101; PMID: 16595781
  • Ponsonby AL, McMichael A, van der Mei I. Ultraviolet radiation and autoimmune disease: insights from epidemiological research. Toxicology 2002; 181-182:71 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00257-3; PMID: 12505287
  • Grant WB. The prevalence of multiple sclerosis in 3 US communities: the role of vitamin D. Prev Chronic Dis 2010; 7:A89 - , author reply A90; PMID: 20550847
  • Vieira VM, Hart JE, Webster TF, Weinberg J, Puett R, Laden F, Costenbader KH, Karlson EW. Association between residences in U.S. northern latitudes and rheumatoid arthritis: A spatial analysis of the Nurses’ Health Study. Environ Health Perspect 2010; 118:957 - 61; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901861; PMID: 20338859
  • Kinney DK, Teixeira P, Hsu D, Napoleon SC, Crowley DJ, Miller A, Hyman W, Huang E. Relation of schizophrenia prevalence to latitude, climate, fish consumption, infant mortality, and skin color: a role for prenatal vitamin d deficiency and infections?. Schizophr Bull 2009; 35:582 - 95; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbp023; PMID: 19357239
  • O’Callaghan E, Gibson T, Colohan HA, Walshe D, Buckley P, Larkin C, Waddington JL. Season of birth in schizophrenia. Evidence for confinement of an excess of winter births to patients without a family history of mental disorder. Br J Psychiatry 1991; 158:764 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.158.6.764; PMID: 1873629
  • The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1903. Niels Ryberg Finsen. 2012-09-08. URL:http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1903/. Accessed: 2012-09 08 (Archived by WebCiteR at http://www.webcitation.org/6AWpWACU0). 1903.
  • Rostand SG. Ultraviolet light may contribute to geographic and racial blood pressure differences. Hypertension 1997; 30:150 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.30.2.150; PMID: 9260973
  • Reid IR, Bolland MJ. Role of vitamin D deficiency in cardiovascular disease. Heart 2012; 98:609 - 14; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2011-301356; PMID: 22373722
  • Wang TJ, Pencina MJ, Booth SL, Jacques PF, Ingelsson E, Lanier K, Benjamin EJ, D’Agostino RB, Wolf M, Vasan RS. Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2008; 117:503 - 11; http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.706127; PMID: 18180395
  • Anderson JL, May HT, Horne BD, Bair TL, Hall NL, Carlquist JF, Lappé DL, Muhlestein JB, Intermountain Heart Collaborative (IHC) Study Group. Relation of vitamin D deficiency to cardiovascular risk factors, disease status, and incident events in a general healthcare population. Am J Cardiol 2010; 106:963 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.05.027; PMID: 20854958
  • Mullie P, Autier P. Relation of vitamin d deficiency to cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol 2011; 107:956 - , author reply 956-7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.10.079; PMID: 21376931
  • Sun Q, Pan A, Hu FB, Manson JE, Rexrode KM. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of stroke: a prospective study and meta-analysis. Stroke 2012; 43:1470 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.636910; PMID: 22442173
  • Witham MD, Nadir MA, Struthers AD. Effect of vitamin D on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hypertens 2009; 27:1948 - 54; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0b013e32832f075b; PMID: 19587609
  • Forman JP, Scott JB, Ng K, Drake BF, Suarez EG, Hayden DL, Bennett GG, Chandler PD, Hollis BW, Emmons KM, et al. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure in blacks. Hypertension 2013; 61:779 - 85; http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.00659; PMID: 23487599
  • Dong Y, Stallmann-Jorgensen IS, Pollock NK, Harris RA, Keeton D, Huang Y, Li K, Bassali R, Guo DH, Thomas J, et al. A 16-week randomized clinical trial of 2000 international units daily vitamin D3 supplementation in black youth: 25-hydroxyvitamin D, adiposity, and arterial stiffness. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:4584 - 91; http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-0606; PMID: 20660028
  • Salum E, Kals J, Kampus P, Salum T, Zilmer K, Aunapuu M, Arend A, Eha J, Zilmer M. Vitamin D reduces deposition of advanced glycation end-products in the aortic wall and systemic oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2013; 100:243 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2013.03.008; PMID: 23522919
  • Shedeed SA. Vitamin D supplementation in infants with chronic congestive heart failure. Pediatr Cardiol 2012; 33:713 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00246-012-0199-6; PMID: 22349668
  • Oz F, Cizgici AY, Oflaz H, Elitok A, Karaayvaz EB, Mercanoglu F, Bugra Z, Omer B, Adalet K, Oncul A. Impact of vitamin D insufficiency on the epicardial coronary flow velocity and endothelial function. Coron Artery Dis 2013; 24:392 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MCA.0b013e328362b2c8; PMID: 23695367
  • Hyppönen E. Vitamin D and increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes-evidence for an association?. Diabetes Obes Metab 2010; 12:737 - 43; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01211.x; PMID: 20649624
  • Takiishi T, Gysemans C, Bouillon R, Mathieu C. Vitamin D and diabetes. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2010; 39:419 - 46; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2010.02.013; PMID: 20511061
  • Driver JP, Foreman O, Mathieu C, van Etten E, Serreze DV. Comparative therapeutic effects of orally administered 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) and 1α-hydroxyvitamin D(3) on type-1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice fed a normal-calcaemic diet. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 151:76 - 85; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03537.x; PMID: 17983444
  • Prietl B, Treiber G, Pieber TR, Amrein K. Vitamin D and immune function. Nutrients 2013; 5:2502 - 21; http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu5072502; PMID: 23857223
  • Hyppönen E, Läärä E, Reunanen A, Järvelin MR, Virtanen SM. Intake of vitamin D and risk of type 1 diabetes: a birth-cohort study. Lancet 2001; 358:1500 - 3; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06580-1; PMID: 11705562
  • Zipitis CS, Akobeng AK. Vitamin D supplementation in early childhood and risk of type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child 2008; 93:512 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2007.128579; PMID: 18339654
  • Sørensen IM, Joner G, Jenum PA, Eskild A, Torjesen PA, Stene LC. Maternal serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D during pregnancy and risk of type 1 diabetes in the offspring. Diabetes 2012; 61:175 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db11-0875; PMID: 22124461
  • Afzal S, Bojesen SE, Nordestgaard BG. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study and metaanalysis. Clin Chem 2013; 59:381 - 91; http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2012.193003; PMID: 23232064
  • von Hurst PR, Stonehouse W, Coad J. Vitamin D supplementation reduces insulin resistance in South Asian women living in New Zealand who are insulin resistant and vitamin D deficient - a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2010; 103:549 - 55; http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114509992017; PMID: 19781131
  • Chiu KC, Chu A, Go VL, Saad MF. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 79:820 - 5; PMID: 15113720
  • Boucher BJ. Is vitamin D status relevant to metabolic syndrome?. Dermatoendocrinol 2012; 4:212 - 24; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/derm.20012; PMID: 22928079
  • Gagnon C, Lu ZX, Magliano DJ, Dunstan DW, Shaw JE, Zimmet PZ, Sikaris K, Ebeling PR, Daly RM. Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with increased risk of the development of the metabolic syndrome at five years: results from a national, population-based prospective study (The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study: AusDiab). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:1953 - 61; http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-3187; PMID: 22442263
  • Deleskog A, Hilding A, Brismar K, Hamsten A, Efendic S, Östenson CG. Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level predicts progression to type 2 diabetes in individuals with prediabetes but not with normal glucose tolerance. Diabetologia 2012; 55:1668 - 78; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-012-2529-x; PMID: 22426800
  • Thomas GN, ó Hartaigh B, Bosch JA, Pilz S, Loerbroks A, Kleber ME, Fischer JE, Grammer TB, Böhm BO, März W. Vitamin D levels predict all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in subjects with the metabolic syndrome: the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) Study. Diabetes Care 2012; 35:1158 - 64; http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc11-1714; PMID: 22399697
  • Talaei A, Mohamadi M, Adgi Z. The effect of vitamin D on insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2013; 5:8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1758-5996-5-8; PMID: 23443033
  • Bergman P, Lindh AU, Björkhem-Bergman L, Lindh JD. Vitamin D and respiratory tract infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65835; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065835; PMID: 23840373
  • Ginde AA, Mansbach JM, Camargo CA Jr.. Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and upper respiratory tract infection in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169:384 - 90; http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2008.560; PMID: 19237723
  • Camargo CA Jr., Ganmaa D, Frazier AL, Kirchberg FF, Stuart JJ, Kleinman K, Sumberzul N, Rich-Edwards JW. Randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation and risk of acute respiratory infection in Mongolia. Pediatrics 2012; 130:e561 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-3029; PMID: 22908115
  • Urashima M, Segawa T, Okazaki M, Kurihara M, Wada Y, Ida H. Randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation to prevent seasonal influenza A in schoolchildren. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91:1255 - 60; http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.29094; PMID: 20219962
  • Aloia JF, Li-Ng M. Re: epidemic influenza and vitamin D. Epidemiol Infect 2007; 135:1095 - 6, author reply 1097-8; PMID: 17352842
  • Youssef DA, Miller CW, El-Abbassi AM, Cutchins DC, Cutchins C, Grant WB, Peiris AN. Antimicrobial implications of vitamin D. Dermatoendocrinol 2011; 3:220 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/derm.3.4.15027; PMID: 22259647
  • Amestejani M, Salehi BS, Vasigh M, Sobhkhiz A, Karami M, Alinia H, Kamrava SK, Shamspour N, Ghalehbaghi B, Behzadi AH. Vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: a clinical trial study. J Drugs Dermatol 2012; 11:327 - 30; PMID: 22395583
  • Javanbakht MH, Keshavarz SA, Djalali M, Siassi F, Eshraghian MR, Firooz A, Seirafi H, Ehsani AH, Chamari M, Mirshafiey A. Randomized controlled trial using vitamins E and D supplementation in atopic dermatitis. J Dermatolog Treat 2011; 22:144 - 50; http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09546630903578566; PMID: 20653487
  • Javanbakht M, Keshavarz S, Mirshafiey A, Djalali M, Siassi F, Eshraghian M, Firooz A, Seirafi H, Ehsani A, Chamari M. The effects of vitamins e and d supplementation on erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and catalase in atopic dermatitis. Iran J Public Health 2010; 39:57 - 63; PMID: 23112990
  • Antico A, Tampoia M, Tozzoli R, Bizzaro N. Can supplementation with vitamin D reduce the risk or modify the course of autoimmune diseases? A systematic review of the literature. Autoimmun Rev 2012; 12:127 - 36; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2012.07.007; PMID: 22776787
  • Ponsonby AL, McMichael A, van der Mei I. Ultraviolet radiation and autoimmune disease: insights from epidemiological research. Toxicology 2002; 181-182:71 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00257-3; PMID: 12505287
  • Peyrin-Biroulet L, Oussalah A, Bigard MA. Crohn’s disease: the hot hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2009; 73:94 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2009.01.022; PMID: 19269107
  • Vieira VM, Hart JE, Webster TF, Weinberg J, Puett R, Laden F, Costenbader KH, Karlson EW. Association between residences in U.S. northern latitudes and rheumatoid arthritis: A spatial analysis of the Nurses’ Health Study. Environ Health Perspect 2010; 118:957 - 61; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901861; PMID: 20338859
  • Mohr SB, Garland CF, Gorham ED, Garland FC. The association between ultraviolet B irradiance, vitamin D status and incidence rates of type 1 diabetes in 51 regions worldwide. Diabetologia 2008; 51:1391 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-008-1061-5; PMID: 18548227
  • Sen D, Ranganathan P. Vitamin D in rheumatoid arthritis: panacea or placebo?. Discov Med 2012; 14:311 - 9; PMID: 23200062
  • Merlino LA, Curtis J, Mikuls TR, Cerhan JR, Criswell LA, Saag KG, Iowa Women’s Health Study. Vitamin D intake is inversely associated with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Iowa Women’s Health Study. Arthritis Rheum 2004; 50:72 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.11434; PMID: 14730601
  • Nielen MM, van Schaardenburg D, Lems WF, van de Stadt RJ, de Koning MH, Reesink HW, Habibuw MR, van der Horst-Bruinsma IE, Twisk JW, Dijkmans BA. Vitamin D deficiency does not increase the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: comment on the article by Merlino et al. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:3719 - 20; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.22191; PMID: 17075887
  • Neve A, Corrado A, Cantatore FP. Immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D in peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. [Epub ahead of print] Clin Exp Med 2013; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10238-013-0249-2; PMID: 23824148
  • Furuya T, Hosoi T, Tanaka E, Nakajima A, Taniguchi A, Momohara S, Yamanaka H. Prevalence of and factors associated with vitamin D deficiency in 4,793 Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2013; 32:1081 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10067-013-2216-4; PMID: 23423442
  • Palmer MT, Weaver CT. Linking vitamin d deficiency to inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013; 19:2245 - 56; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MIB.0b013e31828a3b6f; PMID: 23591600
  • Jørgensen SP, Agnholt J, Glerup H, Lyhne S, Villadsen GE, Hvas CL, Bartels LE, Kelsen J, Christensen LA, Dahlerup JF. Clinical trial: vitamin D3 treatment in Crohn’s disease - a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32:377 - 83; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04355.x; PMID: 20491740
  • Cantorna MT, Vitamin D. Vitamin D, multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 523:103 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2011.11.001; PMID: 22085500
  • Ho SL, Alappat L, Awad AB. Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2012; 52:980 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2010.516034; PMID: 22823346
  • Karmon Y, Ramanathan M, Minagar A, Zivadinov R, Weinstock-Guttman B. Arterial, venous and other vascular risk factors in multiple sclerosis. Neurol Res 2012; 34:754 - 60; http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743132812Y.0000000077; PMID: 22971465
  • Simpson S Jr., Taylor B, Blizzard L, Ponsonby AL, Pittas F, Tremlett H, Dwyer T, Gies P, van der Mei I. Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with lower relapse risk in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2010; 68:193 - 203; PMID: 20695012
  • Burton JM, Kimball S, Vieth R, Bar-Or A, Dosch HM, Cheung R, Gagne D, D’Souza C, Ursell M, O’Connor P. A phase I/II dose-escalation trial of vitamin D3 and calcium in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2010; 74:1852 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181e1cec2; PMID: 20427749
  • Pierrot-Deseilligny C, Rivaud-Péchoux S, Clerson P, de Paz R, Souberbielle JC. Relationship between 25-OH-D serum level and relapse rate in multiple sclerosis patients before and after vitamin D supplementation. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2012; 5:187 - 98; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756285612447090; PMID: 22783368
  • Pozuelo-Moyano B, Benito-León J, Mitchell AJ, Hernández-Gallego J. A systematic review of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials examining the clinical efficacy of vitamin D in multiple sclerosis. Neuroepidemiology 2013; 40:147 - 53; http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000345122; PMID: 23257784
  • Dörr J, Döring A, Paul F. Can we prevent or treat multiple sclerosis by individualised vitamin D supply?. EPMA J 2013; 4:4; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1878-5085-4-4; PMID: 23356351
  • DeLuca GC, Kimball SM, Kolasinski J, Ramagopalan SV, Ebers GC. Review: the role of vitamin D in nervous system health and disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2013; 39:458 - 84; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nan.12020; PMID: 23336971
  • Cui X, Groves NJ, Burne TH, Eyles DW, McGrath JJ. Low vitamin D concentration exacerbates adult brain dysfunction. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 97:907 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.061176; PMID: 23535106
  • Knekt P, Kilkkinen A, Rissanen H, Marniemi J, Sääksjärvi K, Heliövaara M. Serum vitamin D and the risk of Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol 2010; 67:808 - 11; http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2010.120; PMID: 20625085
  • Suzuki M, Yoshioka M, Hashimoto M, Murakami M, Noya M, Takahashi D, Urashima M. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation in Parkinson disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 97:1004 - 13; http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.051664; PMID: 23485413
  • Atif F, Sayeed I, Ishrat T, Stein DG. Progesterone with vitamin D affords better neuroprotection against excitotoxicity in cultured cortical neurons than progesterone alone. Mol Med 2009; 15:328 - 36; http://dx.doi.org/10.2119/molmed.2009.00016; PMID: 19603099
  • Cohen-Lahav M, Douvdevani A, Chaimovitz C, Shany S. The anti-inflammatory activity of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in macrophages. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 103:558 - 62; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2006.12.093; PMID: 17267205
  • Balden R, Selvamani A, Sohrabji F. Vitamin D deficiency exacerbates experimental stroke injury and dysregulates ischemia-induced inflammation in adult rats. Endocrinology 2012; 153:2420 - 35; http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2011-1783; PMID: 22408173
  • Aminmansour B, Nikbakht H, Ghorbani A, Rezvani M, Rahmani P, Torkashvand M, Nourian M, Moradi M. Comparison of the administration of progesterone versus progesterone and vitamin D in improvement of outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury: A randomized clinical trial with placebo group. Adv Biomed Res 2012; 1:58; http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.100176; PMID: 23326789
  • Grant WB. Role of solar UVB irradiance and smoking in cancer as inferred from cancer incidence rates by occupation in Nordic countries. Dermatoendocrinol 2012; 4:203 - 11; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/derm.20965; PMID: 22928078
  • Lin SW, Wheeler DC, Park Y, Cahoon EK, Hollenbeck AR, Freedman DM, Abnet CC. Prospective study of ultraviolet radiation exposure and risk of cancer in the United States. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:E1015 - 23; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.27619; PMID: 22539073
  • Abbas S, Linseisen J, Slanger T, Kropp S, Mutschelknauss EJ, Flesch-Janys D, Chang-Claude J. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of post-menopausal breast cancer--results of a large case-control study. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:93 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgm240; PMID: 17974532
  • Churilla TM, Brereton HD, Klem M, Peters CA. Vitamin D deficiency is widespread in cancer patients and correlates with advanced stage disease: a community oncology experience. Nutr Cancer 2012; 64:521 - 5; http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2012.661515; PMID: 22452722
  • Gorham ED, Garland CF, Garland FC, Grant WB, Mohr SB, Lipkin M, Newmark HL, Giovannucci E, Wei M, Holick MF. Optimal vitamin D status for colorectal cancer prevention: a quantitative meta analysis. Am J Prev Med 2007; 32:210 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2006.11.004; PMID: 17296473
  • Drake MT, Maurer MJ, Link BK, Habermann TM, Ansell SM, Micallef IN, Kelly JL, Macon WR, Nowakowski GS, Inwards DJ, et al. Vitamin D insufficiency and prognosis in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:4191 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2010.28.6674; PMID: 20713849
  • Yin L, Grandi N, Raum E, Haug U, Arndt V, Brenner H. Meta-analysis: longitudinal studies of serum vitamin D and colorectal cancer risk. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009; 30:113 - 25; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04022.x; PMID: 19392870
  • Lappe JM, Travers-Gustafson D, Davies KM, Recker RR, Heaney RP. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduces cancer risk: results of a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85:1586 - 91; PMID: 17556697
  • Garland CF, French CB, Baggerly LL, Heaney RP. Vitamin D supplement doses and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the range associated with cancer prevention. Anticancer Res 2011; 31:607 - 11; PMID: 21378345
  • Goodwin PJ, Ennis M, Pritchard KI, Koo J, Hood N. Prognostic effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in early breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:3757 - 63; http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2008.20.0725; PMID: 19451439
  • Santini D, Galluzzo S, Vincenzi B, Zoccoli A, Ferraro E, Lippi C, Altomare V, Tonini G, Bertoldo F. Longitudinal evaluation of vitamin D plasma levels during anthracycline- and docetaxel-based adjuvant chemotherapy in early-stage breast cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2010; 21:185 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdp497; PMID: 19892747
  • Fink M. Vitamin D deficiency is a cofactor of chemotherapy-induced mucocutaneous toxicity and dysgeusia. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29:e81 - 2; http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2010.31.5317; PMID: 21060025
  • Prieto-Alhambra D, Javaid MK, Servitja S, Arden NK, Martinez-García M, Diez-Perez A, Albanell J, Tusquets I, Nogues X. Vitamin D threshold to prevent aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgia: a prospective cohort study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 125:869 - 78; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10549-010-1075-9; PMID: 20665105
  • Khan QJ, Reddy PS, Kimler BF, Sharma P, Baxa SE, O’Dea AP, Klemp JR, Fabian CJ. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels, joint pain, and fatigue in women starting adjuvant letrozole treatment for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 119:111 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10549-009-0495-x; PMID: 19655244
  • Carmel AS, Shieh A, Bang H, Bockman RS. The 25(OH)D level needed to maintain a favorable bisphosphonate response is ≥33 ng/ml. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:2479 - 87; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-011-1868-7; PMID: 22237813
  • Berruti A, Cook R, Saad F, Buttigliero C, Lipton A, Tampellini M, Lee KA, Coleman RE, Smith MR. Prognostic role of serum parathyroid hormone levels in advanced prostate cancer patients undergoing zoledronic acid administration. Oncologist 2012; 17:645 - 52; http://dx.doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2011-0448; PMID: 22523198
  • Schmid F. Osteopathien bei antiepileptischer Dauerbehandlung. Fortschr Med 1967; 38:381 - 2
  • Holick MF. Stay tuned to PXR: an orphan actor that may not be D-structive only to bone. J Clin Invest 2005; 115:32 - 4; PMID: 15630441
  • Zhang B, Xie W, Krasowski MD. PXR: a xenobiotic receptor of diverse function implicated in pharmacogenetics. Pharmacogenomics 2008; 9:1695 - 709; http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/14622416.9.11.1695; PMID: 19018724
  • Zhou C, Assem M, Tay JC, Watkins PB, Blumberg B, Schuetz EG, Thummel KE. Steroid and xenobiotic receptor and vitamin D receptor crosstalk mediates CYP24 expression and drug-induced osteomalacia. J Clin Invest 2006; 116:1703 - 12; http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI27793; PMID: 16691293
  • Gröber U, Kisters K. Influence of drugs on vitamin D and calcium metabolism. Dermatoendocrinol 2012; 4:158 - 66; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/derm.20731; PMID: 22928072
  • Gröber U. Arzneimittel und Mikronährstoffe. 3., korrigierte Auflage, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart, 2014.
  • Hossein-Nezhad A, Holick MF. Vitamin d for health: a global perspective. Mayo Clin Proc 2013; 88:720 - 55; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.05.011; PMID: 23790560
  • Eyles DW, Burne TH, McGrath JJ, Vitamin D. Vitamin D, effects on brain development, adult brain function and the links between low levels of vitamin D and neuropsychiatric disease. Front Neuroendocrinol 2013; 34:47 - 64; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2012.07.001; PMID: 22796576
  • Hokugo A, Christensen R, Chung EM, Sung EC, Felsenfeld AL, Sayre JW, Garrett N, Adams JS, Nishimura I. Increased prevalence of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw with vitamin D deficiency in rats. J Bone Miner Res 2010; 25:1337 - 49; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.23; PMID: 20200938
  • Favus MJ. Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 2010; 363:2027 - 35; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMct1004903; PMID: 21083387
  • Fink M. Pathophysiologie der Kiefernekrose: multifaktoriell und letztlich unklar. InFo Onkologie 2013; 16:23 - 5; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15004-013-0557-4
  • Holick MF, Biancuzzo RM, Chen TC, Klein EK, Young A, Bibuld D, Reitz R, Salameh W, Ameri A, Tannenbaum AD. Vitamin D2 is as effective as vitamin D3 in maintaining circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93:677 - 81; http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-2308; PMID: 18089691
  • Pietras SM, Obayan BK, Cai MH, Holick MF. Vitamin D2 treatment for vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency for up to 6 years. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169:1806 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2009.361; PMID: 19858440
  • Gordon CM, Williams AL, Feldman HA, May J, Sinclair L, Vasquez A, Cox JE. Treatment of hypovitaminosis D in infants and toddlers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93:2716 - 21; http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-2790; PMID: 18413426
  • Yang L, Weaver V, Smith JP, Bingaman S, Hartman TJ, Cantorna MT. Therapeutic effect of vitamin d supplementation in a pilot study of Crohn’s patients. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2013; 4:e33; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ctg.2013.1; PMID: 23594800
  • Gunville CF, Mourani PM, Ginde AA. The role of vitamin D in prevention and treatment of infection. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets 2013; 12:239 - 45; http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18715281113129990046; PMID: 23782205
  • Bedogni A, Saia G, Bettini G, Tronchet A, Totola A, Bedogni G, Tregnago P, Valenti MT, Bertoldo F, Ferronato G, et al. Osteomalacia: the missing link in the pathogenesis of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws?. Oncologist 2012; 17:1114 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2012-0141; PMID: 22723507