Antibodies for biodefense

References

• Wheelis M. Biological warfare at the 1346 siege of Caffa. Emerg Infect Dis 2002; 8:971 - 975
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutecki GW. A revised timeline for biological agents: revisiting the early years of the germ theory of disease. Med Hypotheses 2007; 68:222 - 226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berche P. L'histoire secrète des guerres biologiques: Mensonges et crimes d'Etat 2009; Paris Robert Laffont
   Google Scholar
• Henderson DA. The looming threat of bioterrorism. Science 1999; 283:1279 - 1282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris ED. Chemical and Biological Weapons: Possession and Programs Past and Present. The Nonproliferation Review 2004; 86 - 109
   Google Scholar
• Sugishima M. Aum Shinrikyo and the Japanese law on bioterrorism. Prehosp Disaster Med 2003; 18:179 - 183
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Legge TM. The Milroy Lectures ON INDUSTRIAL ANTHRAX: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London. Br Med J 1905; 1:589 - 593
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alanis AJ. Resistance to antibiotics: are we in the post-antibiotic era?. Arch Med Res 2005; 36:697 - 705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes JM. Preserving the lifesaving power of antimicrobial agents. Jama 2011; 305:1027 - 1028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson AL, Dhimolea E, Reichert JM. Development trends for human monoclonal antibody therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2010; 9:767 - 774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drugs@FDA 2011; Silver Spring MD http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/
   Google Scholar
• Reichert JM. Probabilities of success for antibody therapeutics. MAbs 2009; 1:387 - 89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnett SO, Teillaud JL, Wurch T, Reichert JM, Dunlop C, Huber M. IBC's 21st Annual Antibody Engineering and 8th Annual Antibody Therapeutics International Conferences and 2010 Annual Meeting of The Antibody Society December 5–9, 2010, San Diego, CA USA. MAbs 2011; 3:133 - 152
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rotz LD, Khan AS, Lillibridge SR, Ostroff SM, Hughes JM. Public health assessment of potential biological terrorism agents. Emerg Infect Dis 2002; 8:225 - 230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• New drug and biological drug products; evidence needed to demonstrate effectiveness of new drugs when human efficacy studies are not ethical or feasible. Final rule. Fed Regist 2002; 67:37988 - 37998
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FDA. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research and Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, guidance for industry. Animal Models—Essential Elements to Address Efficacy Under the Animal Rule 2009
   Google Scholar
• Jernigan DB, Raghunathan PL, Bell BP, Brechner R, Bresnitz EA, Butler JC, et al. Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax, United States 2001: epidemiologic findings. Emerg Infect Dis 2002; 8:1019 - 1028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedlander AM, Little SF. Advances in the development of next-generation anthrax vaccines. Vaccine 2009; 27:28 - 32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FDA. Transcripts of Workshop, Anthrax: Bridging Correlates of Protection in Animals to Immunogenicity in Humans 2007
   Google Scholar
• FDA. Pathway to Licensure for Protective Antigen-based Anthrax Vaccines for a Post-exposure Prophylaxis Indication Using the Animal Rule. Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting 2010
   Google Scholar
• Coleman ME, Thran B, Morse SS, Hugh-Jones M, Massulik S. Inhalation anthrax: dose response and risk analysis. Biosecur Bioterror 2008; 6:147 - 160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyerhoff A, Albrecht R, Meyer JM, Dionne P, Higgins K, Murphy D. US Food and Drug Administration approval of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride for management of postexposure inhalational anthrax. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39:303 - 308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FDA. Prescription drug product: doxycycline and penicillin G procaine administration for inhalational anthrax (post-exposure). Federal Reg 2001; 66:55679 - 55682
   Google Scholar
• Update: Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax 2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2001; 50:1008 - 1010
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Update: Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and adverse events from antimicrobial prophylaxis. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2001; 50:973 - 976
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shepard CW, Soriano-Gabarro M, Zell ER, Hayslett J, Lukacs S, Goldstein S, et al. Antimicrobial postexposure prophylaxis for anthrax: adverse events and adherence. Emerg Infect Dis 2002; 8:1124 - 1132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright JG, Quinn CP, Shadomy S, Messonnier N. Use of anthrax vaccine in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2009. MMWR Recomm Rep 2010; 59:1 - 30
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Inglesby TV, O'Toole T, Henderson DA, Bartlett JG, Ascher MS, Eitzen E, et al. Anthrax as a biological weapon 2002: updated recommendations for management. Jama 2002; 287:2236 - 2252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Migone TS, Subramanian GM, Zhong J, Healey LM, Corey A, Devalaraja M, et al. Raxibacumab for the treatment of inhalational anthrax. N Engl J Med 2009; 361:135 - 144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen CA, Laird MW, Gentz R. Antibodies against protective antigen 2009; United States Human Genome Sciences, Inc
   Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Askins J, Fleming R, Sturm B, Poortman C, Viriassov P, et al. Selection of potent neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies to protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis. 43rd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2003;
   Google Scholar
• Subramanian GM, Cronin PW, Poley G, Weinstein A, Stoughton SM, Zhong J, et al. A phase 1 study of PAmAb, a fully human monoclonal antibody against Bacillus anthracis protective antigen, in healthy volunteers. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 41:12 - 20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitale L, Blanset D, Lowy I, O'Neill T, Goldstein J, Little SF, et al. Prophylaxis and therapy of inhalational anthrax by a novel monoclonal antibody to protective antigen that mimics vaccine-induced immunity. Infect Immun 2006; 74:5840 - 5847
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keler T, Lowy I, Vitale L, Blanset D, Srinivasan M. Human monoclonal antibodies against Bacillus anthracis protective antigen 2008; United States Medarex, Inc United States Patent Office
   Google Scholar
• Mohamed N, Clagett M, Li J, Jones S, Pincus S, D'Alia G, et al. A high-affinity monoclonal antibody to anthrax protective antigen passively protects rabbits before and after aerosolized Bacillus anthracis spore challenge. Infect Immun 2005; 73:795 - 802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawada-Hirai R, Jiang I, Wang F, Sun SM, Nedellec R, Ruther P, et al. Human anti-anthrax protective antigen neutralizing monoclonal antibodies derived from donors vaccinated with anthrax vaccine adsorbed. J Immune Based Ther Vaccines 2004; 2:5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peterson JW, Comer JE, Baze WB, Noffsinger DM, Wenglikowski A, Walberg KG, et al. Human monoclonal antibody AVP-21D9 to protective antigen reduces dissemination of the Bacillus anthracis Ames strain from the lungs in a rabbit model. Infect Immun 2007; 75:3414 - 3424
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson JW, Comer JE, Noffsinger DM, Wenglikowski A, Walberg KG, Chatuev BM, et al. Human Monoclonal Anti-Protective Antigen Antibody Completely Protects Rabbits and Is Synergistic with Ciprofloxacin in Protecting Mice and Guinea Pigs against Inhalation Anthrax. Infect Immun 2006; 74:1016 - 1024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelat T, Hust M, Laffly E, Condemine F, Bottex C, Vidal D, et al. High-affinity, human antibody-like antibody fragment (single-chain variable fragment) neutralizing the lethal factor (LF) of Bacillus anthracis by inhibiting protective antigen-LF complex formation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:2758 - 2764
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Z, Moayeri M, Crown D, Emerson S, Gorshkova I, Schuck P, et al. Novel chimpanzee/human monoclonal antibodies that neutralize anthrax lethal factor and evidence for possible synergy with anti-protective antigen antibody. Infect Immun 2009; 77:3902 - 3908
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Z, Schneerson R, Lovchik J, Lyons CR, Zhao H, Dai Z, et al. Pre- and postexposure protection against virulent anthrax infection in mice by humanized monoclonal antibodies to Bacillus anthracis capsule. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2011; 108:739 - 744
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertherat E, Thullier P, Shako JC, England K, Kone ML, Arntzen L, et al. Lessons Learned about Pneumonic Plague Diagnosis from 2 Outbreaks, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Emerg Infect Dis 2011; 17:778 - 784
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Speck RS, Wolochow H. Studies on the experimental epidemiology of respiratory infections. VIII. Experimental pneumonic plague in Macacus rhesus. J Infect Dis 1957; 100:58 - 69
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrenkranz NJ, Meyer KF. Studies on immunization against plague. VIII. Study of three immunizing preparations in protecting primates against pneumonic plague. J Infect Dis 1955; 96:138 - 144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prevention of plague: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 1996; 45:1 - 15
   Google Scholar
• Galimand M, Carniel E, Courvalin P. Resistance of Yersinia pestis to antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:3233 - 3236
   Google Scholar
• Hill J, Copse C, Leary S, Stagg AJ, Williamson ED, Titball RW. Synergistic protection of mice against plague with monoclonal antibodies specific for the F1 and V antigens of Yersinia pestis. Infect Immun 2003; 71:2234 - 2238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill J, Eyles JE, Elvin SJ, Healey GD, Lukaszewski RA, Titball RW. Administration of antibody to the lung protects mice against pneumonic plague. Infect Immun 2006; 74:3068 - 3070
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quenee LE, Berube BJ, Segal J, Elli D, Ciletti NA, Anderson D, et al. Amino acid residues 196-225 of LcrV represent a plague protective epitope. Vaccine 2010; 28:1870 - 1876
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisele NA, Anderson DM. Dual-function antibodies to Yersinia pestis LcrV required for pulmonary clearance of plague. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2009; 16:1720 - 1727
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao X, Zhu Z, Dankmeyer JL, Wormald MM, Fast RL, Worsham PL, et al. Human anti-plague monoclonal antibodies protect mice from Yersinia pestis in a bubonic plague model. PLoS One 2010; 5:13047
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dembek ZF, Smith LA, Rusnak JM. Botulism: cause, effects, diagnosis, clinical and laboratory identification and treatment modalities. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2007; 1:122 - 134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacy DB, Stevens RC. Sequence homology and structural analysis of the clostridial neurotoxins. J Mol Biol 1999; 291:1091 - 1104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith TJ, Hill KK, Foley BT, Detter JC, Munk AC, Bruce DC, et al. Analysis of the neurotoxin complex genes in Clostridium botulinum A1-A4 and B1 strains: BoNT/A3/Ba4 and/B1 clusters are located within plasmids. PLoS One 2007; 2:1271
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Botulism in the United States 1899–1996. Handbook for Epidemiologists, Clinicians and Laboratory Workers 1998; Atlanta, GA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
   Google Scholar
• Middlebrook JL, Franz DR. Slidell FR, Takafuji ET, Franz DR. Botulinum toxins. Textbook of Military Medicine, Part 1: Warfare, Weaponry and Then Casualty: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare 1997; Washington DC Borden Institute, Walter Reed Army Medical Center 642 - 654
   Google Scholar
• Rusnak JM, Smith LA. Botulinum neurotoxin vaccines: Past history and recent developments. Hum Vaccin 2009; 5:794 - 805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Investigational heptavalent botulinum antitoxin (HBAT) to replace licensed botulinum antitoxin AB and investigational botulinum antitoxin E. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2010; 59:299
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Franz DR, Pitt LM, Clayton MA, Hanes MA, Rose KJ. DasGupta BR. Efficacy of Prophylactic and Therapeutic Administration of Antitoxin for Inhalation Botulism. Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins 1993; New York Plenum Press 473 - 476
   Google Scholar
• Demarest SJ, Hariharan M, Elia M, Salbato J, Jin P, Bird C, et al. Neutralization of Clostridium difficile toxin A using antibody combinations. MAbs 2010; 2
   Google Scholar
• Nowakowski A, Wang C, Powers DB, Amersdorfer P, Smith TJ, Montgomery VA, et al. Potent neutralization of botulinum neurotoxin by recombinant oligoclonal antibody. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002; 99:11346 - 11350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu R, Wang S, Yu YZ, Du WS, Yang F, Yu WY, et al. Neutralizing antibodies of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A screened from a fully synthetic human antibody phage display library. J Biomol Screen 2009; 14:991 - 998
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adekar SP, Jones RM, Elias MD, Al-Saleem FH, Root MJ, Simpson LL, et al. Hybridoma populations enriched for affinity-matured human IgGs yield high-affinity antibodies specific for botulinum neurotoxins. J Immunol Methods 2008; 333:156 - 166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adekar SP, Takahashi T, Jones RM, Al-Saleem FH, Ancharski DM, Root MJ, et al. Neutralization of botulinum neurotoxin by a human monoclonal antibody specific for the catalytic light chain. PLoS One 2008; 3:3023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adekar SP, Segan AT, Chen C, Bermudez R, Elias MD, Selling BH, et al. Enhanced neutralization potency of botulinum neurotoxin antibodies using a red blood cell-targeting fusion protein. PLoS One 2011; 6:17491
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Rodriguez C, Geren IN, Lou J, Conrad F, Forsyth C, Wen W, et al. Neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies binding multiple serotypes of botulinum neurotoxin. Protein Eng Des Sel 2010; 24:321 - 331
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lou J, Geren I, Garcia-Rodriguez C, Forsyth CM, Wen W, Knopp K, et al. Affinity maturation of human botulinum neurotoxin antibodies by light chain shuffling via yeast mating. Protein Eng Des Sel 2010; 23:311 - 319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenner F, Henderson DA, Jezek A, Ladnyi ID. Smallpox and Its Eradication 1988; Geneva, Switzerland World Health Organization
   Google Scholar
• Nicas M, Hubbard AE, Jones RM, Reingold AL. The Infectious Dose of Variola (Smallpox) Virus. Applied Biosafety 2004; 9:118 - 127
   Google Scholar
• Sodeik B, Krijnse-Locker J. Assembly of vaccinia virus revisited: de novo membrane synthesis or acquisition from the host?. Trends Microbiol 2002; 10:15 - 24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amanna IJ, Slifka MK, Crotty S. Immunity and immunological memory following smallpox vaccination. Immunol Rev 2006; 211:320 - 337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beachkofsky TM, Carrizales SC, Bidinger JJ, Hrncir DE, Whittemore DE, Hivnor CM. Adverse events following smallpox vaccination with ACAM2000 in a military population. Arch Dermatol 2010; 146:656 - 661
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nalca A, Zumbrun EE. ACAM2000: the new smallpox vaccine for United States Strategic National Stockpile. Drug Des Devel Ther 2010; 4:71 - 79
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monath TP, Caldwell JR, Mundt W, Fusco J, Johnson CS, Buller M, et al. ACAM2000 clonal Vero cell culture vaccinia virus (New York City Board of Health strain)—a second-generation smallpox vaccine for biological defense. Int J Infect Dis 2004; 8:31 - 44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopkins RJ, Lane JM. Clinical efficacy of intramuscular vaccinia immune globulin: a literature review. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39:819 - 826
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittek R. Vaccinia immune globulin: current policies, preparedness and product safety and efficacy. Int J Infect Dis 2006; 10:193 - 201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. Report of the Twelth Meeting “Scientific Review of Variola Virus Research 1999–2010”. WHO Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research 2010; Geneva Switzerland
   Google Scholar
• Kinet JP, Jouvin MH. Office USP. Smallpox Monoclonal Antibody 2008; United States
   Google Scholar
• Chen Z, Earl P, Americo J, Damon I, Smith SK, Zhou YH, et al. Chimpanzee/human mAbs to vaccinia virus B5 protein neutralize vaccinia and smallpox viruses and protect mice against vaccinia virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103:1882 - 1887
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Z, Earl P, Americo J, Damon I, Smith SK, Yu F, et al. Characterization of chimpanzee/human monoclonal antibodies to vaccinia virus A33 glycoprotein and its variola virus homolog in vitro and in a vaccinia virus mouse protection model. J Virol 2007; 81:8989 - 8995
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCausland MM, Benhnia MR, Crickard L, Laudenslager J, Granger SW, Tahara T, et al. Combination therapy of vaccinia virus infection with human anti-H3 and anti-B5 monoclonal antibodies in a small animal model. Antivir Ther 2010; 15:661 - 675
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyston PC, Sjostedt A, Titball RW. Tularaemia: bioterrorism defence renews interest in Francisella tularensis. Nat Rev Microbiol 2004; 2:967 - 978
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saslaw S, Eigelsbach HT, Wilson HE, Prior JA, Carhart S. Tularemia vaccine study. I. Intracutaneous challenge. Arch Intern Med 1961; 107:689 - 701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saslaw S, Eigelsbach HT, Prior JA, Wilson HE, Carhart S. Tularemia vaccine study. II. Respiratory challenge. Arch Intern Med 1961; 107:702 - 714
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conlan JW, Zhao X, Harris G, Shen H, Bolanowski M, Rietz C, et al. Molecular immunology of experimental primary tularemia in mice infected by respiratory or intradermal routes with type A Francisella tularensis. Mol Immunol 2008; 45:2962 - 2969
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennis DT, Inglesby TV, Henderson DA, Bartlett JG, Ascher MS, Eitzen E, et al. Tularemia as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. Jama 2001; 285:2763 - 2773
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Twine SM, Petit MD, Fulton KM, House RV, Conlan JW. Immunoproteomics analysis of the murine antibody response to vaccination with an improved Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS). PLoS One 2010; 5:10000
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCrumb FR. Aerosol Infection of Man with Pasteurella Tularensis. Bacteriol Rev 1961; 25:262 - 267
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hornick RB, Eigelsbach HT. Aerogenic immunization of man with live Tularemia vaccine. Bacteriol Rev 1966; 30:532 - 538
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kirimanjeswara GS, Golden JM, Bakshi CS, Metzger DW. Prophylactic and therapeutic use of antibodies for protection against respiratory infection with Francisella tularensis. J Immunol 2007; 179:532 - 539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savitt AG, Mena-Taboada P, Monsalve G, Benach JL. Francisella tularensis infection-derived monoclonal antibodies provide detection, protection and therapy. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2009; 16:414 - 422
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu Z, Roche MI, Hui JH, Unal B, Felgner PL, Gulati S, et al. Generation and characterization of hybridoma antibodies for immunotherapy of tularemia. Immunol Lett 2007; 112:92 - 103
   Google Scholar
• Crane DD, Warner SL, Bosio CM. A novel role for plasmin-mediated degradation of opsonizing antibody in the evasion of host immunity by virulent, but not attenuated, Francisella tularensis. J Immunol 2009; 183:4593 - 4600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Outbreak of Marburg virus hemorrhagic fever—Angola, October 1, 2004–March 29, 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2005; 54:308 - 309
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leffel EK, Reed DS. Marburg and Ebola viruses as aerosol threats. Biosecur Bioterror 2004; 2:186 - 191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mupapa K, Massamba M, Kibadi K, Kuvula K, Bwaka A, Kipasa M, et al. Treatment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever with blood transfusions from convalescent patients. International Scientific and Technical Committee. J Infect Dis 1999; 179:18 - 23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borio L, Inglesby T, Peters CJ, Schmaljohn AL, Hughes JM, Jahrling PB, et al. Hemorrhagic fever viruses as biological weapons: medical and public health management. Jama 2002; 287:2391 - 2405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maruyama T, Parren PW, Sanchez A, Rensink I, Rodriguez LL, Khan AS, et al. Recombinant human monoclonal antibodies to Ebola virus. J Infect Dis 1999; 179:235 - 239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maruyama T, Rodriguez LL, Jahrling PB, Sanchez A, Khan AS, Nichol ST, et al. Ebola virus can be effectively neutralized by antibody produced in natural human infection. J Virol 1999; 73:6024 - 6030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parren PW, Geisbert TW, Maruyama T, Jahrling PB, Burton DR. Pre- and postexposure prophylaxis of Ebola virus infection in an animal model by passive transfer of a neutralizing human antibody. J Virol 2002; 76:6408 - 6412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oswald WB, Geisbert TW, Davis KJ, Geisbert JB, Sullivan NJ, Jahrling PB, et al. Neutralizing antibody fails to impact the course of Ebola virus infection in monkeys. PLoS Pathog 2007; 3:9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meissner F, Maruyama T, Frentsch M, Hessell AJ, Rodriguez LL, Geisbert TW, et al. Detection of antibodies against the four subtypes of ebola virus in sera from any species using a novel antibody-phage indicator assay. Virology 2002; 300:236 - 243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shedlock DJ, Bailey MA, Popernack PM, Cunningham JM, Burton DR, Sullivan NJ. Antibody-mediated neutralization of Ebola virus can occur by two distinct mechanisms. Virology 2010; 401:228 - 235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mense MG, Borschel RH, Wilhelmsen CL, Pitt ML, Hoover DL. Pathologic changes associated with brucellosis experimentally induced by aerosol exposure in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Am J Vet Res 2004; 65:644 - 652
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva TM, Costa EA, Paixao TA, Tsolis RM, Santos RL. Laboratory animal models for brucellosis research. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:518323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solera J. Update on brucellosis: therapeutic challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2010; 36:18 - 20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. Technical Report Series 740, Sixth Report. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Brucellosis 1986; Geneva, Switzerland World Health Organization
   Google Scholar
• Vizcaino N, Fernandez-Lago L. Protection and suppression of the humoral immune response in mice mediated by a monoclonal antibody against the M epitope of Brucella. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1994; 8:133 - 139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elzer PH, Jacobson RH, Jones SM, Nielsen KH, Douglas JT, Winter AJ. Antibody-mediated protection against Brucella abortus in BALB/c mice at successive periods after infection: variation between virulent strain 2308 and attenuated vaccine strain 19. Immunology 1994; 82:651 - 658
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laurent TC, Mertens P, Dierick JF, Letesson JJ, Lambert C, De Bolle X. Functional, molecular and structural characterisation of five anti-Brucella LPS mAb. Mol Immunol 2004; 40:1237 - 1247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godoy D, Randle G, Simpson AJ, Aanensen DM, Pitt TL, Kinoshita R, et al. Multilocus sequence typing and evolutionary relationships among the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders, Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:2068 - 2079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inglis TJ, Sousa AQ. The public health implications of melioidosis. Braz J Infect Dis 2009; 13:59 - 66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galyov EE, Brett PJ, DeShazer D. Molecular insights into Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei pathogenesis. Annu Rev Microbiol 2010; 64:495 - 517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan GY, Liu Y, Sivalingam SP, Sim SH, Wang D, Paucod JC, et al. Burkholderia pseudomallei aerosol infection results in differential inflammatory responses in BALB/c and C57Bl/6 mice. J Med Microbiol 2008; 57:508 - 515
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell P, Eley SM, Ellis J, Green M, Bell DL, Kenny DJ, et al. Comparison of efficacy of ciprofloxacin and doxycycline against experimental melioidosis and glanders. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000; 45:813 - 818
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bottex C, Gauthier YP, Hagen RM, Finke EJ, Splettstosser WD, Thibault FM, et al. Attempted passive prophylaxis with a monoclonal anti-Burkholderia pseudomallei exopolysaccharide antibody in a murine model of melioidosis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2005; 27:565 - 583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauthier YP, Hagen RM, Brochier GS, Neubauer H, Splettstoesser WD, Finke EJ, et al. Study on the pathophysiology of experimental Burkholderia pseudomallei infection in mice. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2001; 30:53 - 63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bricaire F, Bossi P. Maladie du charbon. Bioterrorisme 2003; Paris Elsevier 22 - 28
   Google Scholar
• Trevino SR, Permenter AR, England MJ, Parthasarathy N, Gibbs PH, Waag DM, et al. Monoclonal antibodies passively protect BALB/c mice against Burkholderia mallei aerosol challenge. Infect Immun 2006; 74:1958 - 1961
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jones SM, Ellis JF, Russell P, Griffin KF, Oyston PC. Passive protection against Burkholderia pseudomallei infection in mice by monoclonal antibodies against capsular polysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide or proteins. J Med Microbiol 2002; 51:1055 - 1062
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy CJ, Hale M, Hartings JM, Pitt L, Duniho S. Impact of inhalation exposure modality and particle size on the respiratory deposition of ricin in BALB/c mice. Inhal Toxicol 2003; 15:619 - 638
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wannamacher RJA. Salem H. Inhalation ricin: aerosol procedures, animal toxicology and therapy. Inhalation Toxicology 2005; Boca Raton, FL CRC Press 973 - 979
   Google Scholar
• Poli MA, Rivera VR, Pitt ML, Vogel P. Aerosolized specific antibody protects mice from lung injury associated with aerosolized ricin exposure. Toxicon 1996; 34:1037 - 1044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo JW, Shen BF, Feng JN, Sun YX, Yu M, Hu MR. A novel neutralizing monoclonal antibody against cell-binding polypeptide of ricin. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2005; 24:263 - 266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo J, Shen B, Sun Y, Yu M, Hu M. A novel neutralizing monoclonal antibody against both ricin toxin A and ricin toxin B, and application of a rapid sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2006; 25:225 - 259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Guo L, Zhao K, Chen J, Feng J, Sun Y, et al. Novel chimeric anti-ricin antibody C4C13 with neutralizing activity against ricin toxicity. Biotechnol Lett 2007; 29:1811 - 1816
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt TS, Pincus SH, Hale ML, Moreira AL, Roy CJ, Tchou-Wong KM. Oropharyngeal aspiration of ricin as a lung challenge model for evaluation of the therapeutic index of antibodies against ricin A-chain for post-exposure treatment. Exp Lung Res 2007; 33:459 - 481
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelat T, Hust M, Hale M, Lefranc MP, Dubel S, Thullier P. Isolation of a human-like antibody fragment (scFv) that neutralizes ricin biological activity. BMC Biotechnol 2009; 9:60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowell GH, Colleton C, Frost D, Kaminski RW, Hughes M, Hatch J, et al. Immunogenicity and efficacy against lethal aerosol staphylococcal enterotoxin B challenge in monkeys by intramuscular and respiratory delivery of proteosome-toxoid vaccines. Infect Immun 1996; 64:4686 - 4693
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiles BG, Bavari S, Krakauer T, Ulrich RG. Toxicity of staphylococcal enterotoxins potentiated by lipopolysaccharide: major histocompatibility complex class II molecule dependency and cytokine release. Infect Immun 1993; 61:5333 - 5338
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattix ME, Hunt RE, Wilhelmsen CL, Johnson AJ, Baze WB. Aerosolized staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced pulmonary lesions in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Toxicol Pathol 1995; 23:262 - 268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlach KD, Boles JW, Stiles BG. Telemetric evaluation of body temperature and physical activity as predictors of mortality in a murine model of staphylococcal enterotoxic shock. Comp Med 2000; 50:160 - 166
   Google Scholar
• DaSilva L, Welcher BC, Ulrich RG, Aman MJ, David CS, Bavari S. Humanlike immune response of human leukocyte antigen-DR3 transgenic mice to staphylococcal enterotoxins: a novel model for superantigen vaccines. J Infect Dis 2002; 185:1754 - 1760
   Google Scholar
• Miethke T, Wahl C, Holzmann B, Heeg K, Wagner H. Bacterial superantigens induce rapid and T cell receptor V beta-selective downregulation of L-selectin (gp90Mel-14) in vivo. J Immunol 1993; 151:6777 - 6782
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krakauer T, Buckley M. Dexamethasone attenuates staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced hypothermic response and protects mice from superantigen-induced toxic shock. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:391 - 395
   Google Scholar
• Huzella LM, Buckley MJ, Alves DA, Stiles BG, Krakauer T. Central roles for IL-2 and MCP-1 following intranasal exposure to SEB: a new mouse model. Res Vet Sci 2009; 86:241 - 247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boles JW, Pitt ML, LeClaire RD, Gibbs PH, Torres E, Dyas B, et al. Generation of protective immunity by inactivated recombinant staphylococcal enterotoxin B vaccine in nonhuman primates and identification of correlates of immunity. Clin Immunol 2003; 108:51 - 59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boles JW, Pitt ML, LeClaire RD, Gibbs PH, Ulrich RG, Bavari S. Correlation of body temperature with protection against staphylococcal enterotoxin B exposure and use in determining vaccine dose-schedule. Vaccine 2003; 21:2791 - 2796
   Google Scholar
• Inskeep TK, Stahl C, Odle J, Oakes J, Hudson L, Bost KL, et al. Oral vaccine formulations stimulate mucosal and systemic antibody responses against staphylococcal enterotoxin B in a piglet model. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2010; 17:1163 - 1169
   Google Scholar
• Wright A, Andrews PL, Titball RW. Induction of emetic, pyrexic and behavioral effects of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B in the ferret. Infect Immun 2000; 68:2386 - 2389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu DL, Omoe K, Shimoda Y, Nakane A, Shinagawa K. Induction of emetic response to staphylococcal enterotoxins in the house musk shrew (Suncus murinus). Infect Immun 2003; 71:567 - 570
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanagisawa C, Hanaki H, Natae T, Sunakawa K. Neutralization of staphylococcal exotoxins in vitro by human-origin intravenous immunoglobulin. J Infect Chemother 2007; 13:368 - 372
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kato K, Sakamoto T, Ito K. Gamma-globulin inhibits superantigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production. Allergol Int 2007; 56:439 - 444
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LeClaire RD, Hunt RE, Bavari S. Protection against bacterial superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B by passive vaccination. Infect Immun 2002; 70:2278 - 2281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilahun ME, Rajagopalan G, Shah-Mahoney N, Lawlor RG, Tilahun AY, Xie C, et al. Potent neutralization of staphylococcal enterotoxin B by synergistic action of chimeric antibodies. Infect Immun 2010; 78:2801 - 2811
   Google Scholar
• Drozdowski B, Zhou Y, Kline B, Spidel J, Chan YY, Albone E, et al. Generation and characterization of high affinity human monoclonal antibodies that neutralize staphylococcal enterotoxin B. J Immune Based Ther Vaccines 2010; 8:9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ulrich RG, Olson MA, Bavari S. Development of engineered vaccines effective against structurally related bacterial superantigens. Vaccine 1998; 16:1857 - 1864
   Google Scholar
• Stiles BG, Garza AR, Ulrich RG, Boles JW. Mucosal vaccination with recombinantly attenuated staphylococcal enterotoxin B and protection in a murine model. Infect Immun 2001; 69:2031 - 2036
   Google Scholar
• Larkin EA, Stiles BG, Ulrich RG. Inhibition of toxic shock by human monoclonal antibodies against staphylococcal enterotoxin B. PLoS One 2010; 5:13253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berstein B. The birth of the US biological-warfare program. Sci Am 1987; 256:116 - 121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steele KE, Twenhafel NA. REVIEW PAPER: pathology of animal models of alphavirus encephalitis. Vet Pathol 2010; 47:790 - 805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke DS, Ramsburg HH, Edelman R. Persistence in humans of antibody to subtypes of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus after immunization with attenuated (TC-83) VEE virus vaccine. J Infect Dis 1977; 136:354 - 359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett AM, Lescott T, Phillpotts RJ. Improved protection against Venezuelan equine encephalitis by genetic engineering of a recombinant vaccinia virus. Viral Immunol 1998; 11:109 - 117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodchild SA, O'Brien LM, Steven J, Muller MR, Lanning OJ, Logue CH, et al. A humanised murine monoclonal antibody with broad serogroup specificity protects mice from challenge with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. Antiviral Res 2011;
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt AR, Frederickson S, Hinkel C, Bowdish KS, Roehrig JT. A humanized murine monoclonal antibody protects mice either before or after challenge with virulent Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus. J Gen Virol 2006; 87:2467 - 2476
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu WG, Phelps AL, Jager S, Chau D, Hu CC, O'Brien LM, et al. A recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody completely protects mice against lethal challenge with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. Vaccine 2010; 28:5558 - 5564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirsch MI, Hulseweh B, Nacke C, Rulker T, Schirrmann T, Marschall HJ, et al. Development of human antibody fragments using antibody phage display for the detection and diagnosis of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV). BMC Biotechnol 2008; 8:66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt AR, Frederickson S, Maruyama T, Roehrig JT, Blair CD. The first human epitope map of the alphaviral E1 and E2 proteins reveals a new E2 epitope with significant virus neutralizing activity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2010; 4:739
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strockbine NA, Marques LR, Holmes RK, O'Brien AD. Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against Shiga-like toxin from Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 1985; 50:695 - 700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perera LP, Marques LR, O'Brien AD. Isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to Shiga-like toxin II of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and use of the monoclonal antibodies in a colony enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26:2127 - 2131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards AC, Melton-Celsa AR, Arbuthnott K, Stinson JR, Schmitt CK, Wong HC, et al. Kaper JB, O'Brien AD. Vero Cell Neutralization and Mouse Protective Efficacy of Humanized Monoclonal Antibodies Against Escherichia Coli Toxins Stx1 and Stx2. Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Other Shiga Toxin Producing E coli Strains 1998; Washington DC American Society for Microbiology 388 - 392
   Google Scholar
• Smith MJ, Carvalho HM, Melton-Celsa AR, O'Brien AD. The 13C4 monoclonal antibody that neutralizes Shiga toxin Type 1 (Stx1) recognizes three regions on the Stx1 B subunit and prevents Stx1 from binding to its eukaryotic receptor globotriaosylceramide. Infect Immun 2006; 74:6992 - 6998
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith MJ, Melton-Celsa AR, Sinclair JF, Carvalho HM, Robinson CM, O'Brien AD. Monoclonal antibody 11E10, which neutralizes shiga toxin type 2 (Stx2), recognizes three regions on the Stx2 A subunit, blocks the enzymatic action of the toxin in vitro, and alters the overall cellular distribution of the toxin. Infect Immun 2009; 77:2730 - 2740
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bitzan M, Poole R, Mehran M, Sicard E, Brockus C, Thuning-Roberson C, et al. Safety and pharmacokinetics of chimeric anti-Shiga toxin 1 and anti-Shiga toxin 2 monoclonal antibodies in healthy volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:3081 - 3087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheoran AS, Chapman-Bonofiglio S, Harvey BR, Mukherjee J, Georgiou G, Donohue-Rolfe A, et al. Human antibody against shiga toxin 2 administered to piglets after the onset of diarrhea due to Escherichia coli O157:H7 prevents fatal systemic complications. Infect Immun 2005; 73:4607 - 4613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheoran AS, Chapman S, Singh P, Donohue-Rolfe A, Tzipori S. Stx2-specific human monoclonal antibodies protect mice against lethal infection with Escherichia coli expressing Stx2 variants. Infect Immun 2003; 71:3125 - 3130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dharmasena MN, Krebs SJ, Taylor RK. Characterization of a novel protective monoclonal antibody that recognizes an epitope common to Vibrio cholerae Ogawa and Inaba serotypes. Microbiology 2009; 155:2353 - 2364
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu J, Robinson JL. Treatment of respiratory syncytial virus with palivizumab: a systematic review. World J Pediatr 2010; 6:296 - 300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attree O, Guglielmo-Viret V, Gros V, Thullier P. Development and comparison of two immunoassay formats for rapid detection of botulinum neurotoxin type A. J Immunol Methods 2007; 325:78 - 87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thullier P, Griffiths G. Broad recognition of ricin toxins prepared from a range of Ricinus cultivars using immunochromatographic tests. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2009; 47:643 - 650
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt AR, Bowen RA, Frederickson S, Maruyama T, Roehrig JT, Blair CD. Treatment of mice with human monoclonal antibody 24 h after lethal aerosol challenge with virulent Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus prevents disease but not infection. Virology 2011; 414:146 - 152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang MY, Borges AR, Ptak RG, Wang Y, Dimitrov AS, Alam SM, et al. Potent and broad neutralizing activity of a single chain antibody fragment against cell-free and cell-associated HIV-1. MAbs 2010; 2:266 - 274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar