Replication and spread of CJD, kuru and scrapie agents in vivo and in cell culture

References

• Manuelidis L. A 25 nm virion is the likely cause of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. J Cell Biochem 2007; 100:897 - 915
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manuelidis L, Fritch W. Infectivity and host responses in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. Virology 1996; 215:46 - 59
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manuelidis L, Liu Y, Mullins B. Strain-specific viral properties of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) are encoded by the agent and not by host prion protein. J Cell Biochem 2009; 106:220 - 231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manuelidis L, Chakrabarty T, Miyazawa K, Nduom NA, Emmerling K. The kuru infectious agent is a unique geographic isolate distinct from Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and scrapie agents. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009; 106:13529 - 13534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Sun R, Chakrabarty T, Manuelidis L. A rapid accurate culture assay for infectivity in transmissible encephalopathies. J Neurovirol 2008; 14:352 - 361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun R, Liu Y, Zhang H, Manuelidis L. Quantitative recovery of scrapie agent with minimal protein from highly infectious cultures. Viral Immunol 2008; 21:293 - 302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishida N, Katamine S, Manuelidis L. Reciprocal interference between specific CJD and scrapie agents in neural cell cultures. Science 2005; 310:493 - 496
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arjona A, Simarro L, Islinger F, Nishida N, Manuelidis L. Two Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease agents reproduce prion protein-independent identities in cell cultures. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101:8768 - 8773
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruce ME, Will RG, Ironside JW, McConnell I, Drummond D, Suttie A, et al. Transmissions to mice indicate that “new variant” CJD is caused by the BSE agent. Nature 1997; 389:498 - 501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manuelidis L, Lu ZY. Attenuated Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease agents can hide more virulent infections. Neurosci Lett 2000; 293:163 - 166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manuelidis L. Beneath the emperor's clothes: the body of data in scrapie and CJD. Annales de L'Institute Pasteur 1997; 8:311 - 326
   Google Scholar
• Manuelidis L, Yu ZX, Barquero N, Mullins B. Cells infected with scrapie and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease agents produce intracellular 25 nm virus-like particles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007; 104:1965 - 1970
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Büeler H, Aguzzi A, Sailer A, Greiner RA, Autenried P, Auget M, et al. Mice devoid of PrP are resistant to scrapie. Cell 1993; 73:1339 - 1347
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prusiner SB. Novel proteinaceous infectious particles cause scrapie. Science 1982; 216:136 - 144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prusiner S, Baldwin M, Collinge J, DeArmond S, Marsh R, Tateishi J, et al. Prions 1995; Wien Springer Verlag
   Google Scholar
• Legname G, Baskakov I, Nguyen H, Riesner D, Cohen F, DeArmond S, et al. Synthetic mammalian prions. Science 2004; 305:673 - 676
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eklund CM, Kennedy RC, Hadlow WJ. Pathogenesis of scrapie virus infection in the mouse. J Infect Dis 1967; 117:15 - 22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manuelidis EE, Gorgacz EJ, Manuelidis L. Viremia in experimental Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Science 1978; 200:1069 - 1071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pincock S. Government confirms second case of vCJD transmitted by blood transfusion. Brit Med J 2004; 329:351
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gajdusek DC. Unconventional viruses and the origin and disappearance of kuru. Science 1977; 197:943 - 960
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeffrey M, Gonzalez L, Espenes A, Press C, Martin S, Chaplin M, et al. Transportation of prion protein across the intestinal mucosa of scrapie-susceptible and scrapie-resistant sheep. J Pathol 2006; 209:4 - 14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherbel C, Pichner R, Groschup MH, Mueller-Hellwig S, Scherer S, Dietrich R, et al. Infectivity of scrapie prion protein (PrPSc) following in vitro digestion with bovine gastrointestinal microbiota. Zoonoses Public Health 2007; 54:185 - 190
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker CA, Martin D, Manuelidis L. Microglia from CJD brain are infectious and show specific mRNA activation profiles. J Virol 2002; 76:10905 - 10913
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manuelidis L, Sklaviadis T, Akowitz A, Fritch W. Viral particles are required for infection in neurodegenerative Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92:5124 - 5128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manuelidis L. Transmissible encephalopathies: speculations and realities. Viral Immunol 2003; 16:123 - 139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sklaviadis T, Akowitz A, Manuelidis EE, Manuelidis L. Nucleic acid binding proteins in highly purified Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease preparations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90:5713 - 5717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manuelidis L. Nuclease resistant circular DNAs copurify with infectivity in scrapie and CJD. J Neurovirol 2011; 17:131 - 145
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vorberg I, Raines A, Priola S. Acute formation of protease-resistant prion protein does not always lead to persistent scrapie infection in vitro. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:29218 - 29225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahal S, Baker C, Demczyk C, Smith E, Julius C, Weissmann C. Prion strain discrimination in cell culture: the cell panel assay. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007; 104:20908 - 20913
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Browning S, Mahal S, Oelschlegel A, Weissmann C. Darwinian evolution of prions in cell culture. Science 2010; 327:869 - 872
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manuelidis L. Vaccination with an attenuated CJD strain prevents expression of a virulent agent. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95:2520 - 2525
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker C, Lu Z, Manuelidis L. Early induction of interferon-responsive mRNAs in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. J Neurovirol 2004; 10:1 - 12
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manuelidis L. Transmissible encephalopathy agents: Virulence, geography and clockwork. Virulence 2010; 1:101 - 104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu ZH, Baker C, Manuelidis L. New molecular markers of early and progressive CJD brain infection. J Cell Biochem 2004; 93:644 - 652
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyazawa K, Emmerling K, Manuelidis L. Proliferative arrest of neural cells induces prion protein synthesis, nanotube formation and cell-to-cell contacts. J Cell Biochem 2010; 111:239 - 247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wadsworth J, Joiner S, Linehan J, Desbruslais M, Fox K, Cooper S, et al. Kuru prions and sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease prions have equivalent transmission properties in transgenic and wild-type mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008; 105:3885 - 3890
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyazawa K, Manuelidis L. Agent-specific shadoo responses in transmissible encephalopathies. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2010; 5:155 - 163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiesa R, Piccardo P, Biasini E, Ghetti B, Harris D. Aggregated, wild-type prion protein causes neurological dysfunction and synaptic abnormalities. J Neurosci 2008; 28:13258 - 13267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandberg M, Al-Doujaily H, Sharps B, Clarke A, Collinge J. Prion propagation and toxicity in vivo occur in two distinct mechanistic phases. Nature 2011; 470:540 - 542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen B, Morales R, Barria M, Soto C. Estimating prion concentration in fluids and tissues by quantitative PMCA. Nat Method 2010; 7:519 - 520
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi S, Dong C, Wang G, Wang X, An R, Chen J, et al. PrP(Sc) of scrapie 263K propagates efficiently in spleen and muscle tissues with protein misfolding cyclic amplification. Virus Res 2009; 141:26 - 33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karapetyan Y, Saß P, Mahal S, Sferrazza G, Sherman A, Sales N, et al. Prion strain discrimination based on rapid in vivo amplification and analysis by the cell panel assay. PLoS ONE 2009; 4:5730
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker C, Lu ZY, Zaitsev I, Manuelidis L. Microglial activation varies in different models of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. J Virol 1999; 73:5089 - 5097
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manuelidis EE, Gorgacz EJ, Manuelidis L. Interspecies transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease to Syrian hamsters with reference to clinical syndromes and strains of agent. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1978; 75:3432 - 3436
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manuelidis L, Lu ZY. Virus-like interference in the latency and prevention of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003; 100:5360 - 5365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gousset K, Schiff E, Langevin C, Marijanovic Z, Caputo A, Browman D, et al. Prions hijack tunnelling nanotubes for intercellular spread. Nat Cell Biol 2009; 11:328 - 336 11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brachmann A, Baxa U, Wickner R. Prion generation in vitro: amyloid of Ure2p is infectious. EMBO J 2005; 24:3082 - 3092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar