Characterization of virulence profile, protein secretion and immunogenicity of different Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto isolates compared with S. globosa and S. brasiliensis species

References

• De Hoog GS. The genera Blastobotrys, Sporothrix, Calcarisporium and Calcarisporiella gen. nov.. Stud Mycol 1974; 7:1 - 84
   Google Scholar
• Arrillaga-Moncrieff I, Capilla J, Mayayo E, Marimon R, Mariné M, Gené J, et al. Different virulence levels of the species of Sporothrix in a murine model. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 15:651 - 5; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02824.x; PMID: 19624508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arrillaga-Moncrieff I, Capilla J, Fernández AM, Fariñas F, Mayayo E. Diferencias en la patogenicidad del complejo de especies Sporothrix en un modelo animal. Patologia 2010; 48:82 - 7
   Google Scholar
• Rodrigues AM, de Hoog S, de Camargo ZP. Emergence of pathogenicity in the Sporothrix schenckii complex. Med Mycol 2012; In press http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13693786.2012.719648; PMID: 22989196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schenck BR. On refractory subcutaneous abscesses caused by a fungus possibly related to sporothrichia. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 1898; 9:286 - 90
   Google Scholar
• Hektoen L, Perkins CF. Refractory subcutaneous abscesses caused by Sporothrix schenckii. A new pathogenic fungus. J Exp Med 1900; 5:77 - 89; http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.5.1.77; PMID: 19866937
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mesa-Arango AC, Del Rocío Reyes-Montes M, Pérez-Mejía A, Navarro-Barranco H, Souza V, Zúñiga G, et al. Phenotyping and genotyping of Sporothrix schenckii isolates according to geographic origin and clinical form of Sporotrichosis. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:3004 - 11; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.8.3004-3011.2002; PMID: 12149366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neyra E, Fonteyne PA, Swinne D, Fauche F, Bustamante B, Nolard N. Epidemiology of human sporotrichosis investigated by amplified fragment length polymorphism. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:1348 - 52; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.43.3.1348-1352.2005; PMID: 15750106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandes GF, Santos PO, Amaral CC, Sasaki AA, Martinez-Godoy P, Camargo ZP. Characteristics of 151 Brazilian Sporothrix schenckii isolates from 5 different geographic regions of Brazil: a forgotten and re-emergent pathogen. Open Mycol J 2009; 3:48 - 58; http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874437000903010048
   Google Scholar
• Marimon R, Gené J, Cano J, Trilles L, Dos Santos Lazéra M, Guarro J. Molecular phylogeny of Sporothrix schenckii.. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:3251 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00081-06; PMID: 16954256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marimon R, Cano J, Gené J, Sutton DA, Kawasaki M, Guarro J. Sporothrix brasiliensis, S. globosa, and S. mexicana, three new Sporothrix species of clinical interest. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:3198 - 206; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00808-07; PMID: 17687013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marimon R, Gené J, Cano J, Guarro J. Sporothrix luriei: a rare fungus from clinical origin. Med Mycol 2008; 46:621 - 5; http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13693780801992837; PMID: 19180753
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romeo O, Scordino F, Criseo G. New insight into molecular phylogeny and epidemiology of Sporothrix schenckii species complex based on calmodulin-encoding gene analysis of Italian isolates. Mycopathologia 2011; 172:179 - 86; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11046-011-9420-z; PMID: 21461774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon-Chung K, Bennett J. Chapter 26 - Sporotrichosis. In: Kwon-Chung K, Bennett J, eds. Medical Mycology. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1992: 707-29.
   Google Scholar
• Morris-Jones R. Sporotrichosis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2002; 27:427 - 31; http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.2002.01087.x; PMID: 12372075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schubach TM, Schubach A, Okamoto T, Barros MB, Figueiredo FB, Cuzzi T, et al. Evaluation of an epidemic of sporotrichosis in cats: 347 cases (1998-2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004; 224:1623 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.2004.224.1623; PMID: 15154732
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schubach A, Schubach TM, Barros MB, Wanke B. Cat-transmitted sporotrichosis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2005; 11:1952 - 4; http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1112.040891; PMID: 16485488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barros MBL, Schubach TP, Coll JO, Gremião ID, Wanke B, Schubach A. [Sporotrichosis: development and challenges of an epidemic]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2010; 27:455 - 60; PMID: 20721446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falqueto A, Bravim Maifrede S, Araujo Ribeiro M. Unusual clinical presentation of sporotrichosis in three members of one family. Int J Dermatol 2012; 51:434 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.5085.x; PMID: 22435433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopes-Bezerra LM, Schubach A, Costa RO. Sporothrix schenckii and sporotrichosis. An Acad Bras Cienc 2006; 78:293 - 308; http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37652006000200009; PMID: 16710567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw JC, Levinson W, Montanaro A. Sporotrichosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989; 21:1145 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0190-9622(89)70318-2; PMID: 2808849
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donabedian H, O’Donnell E, Olszewski C, MacArthur RD, Budd N. Disseminated cutaneous and meningeal sporotrichosis in an AIDS patient. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1994; 18:111 - 5; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0732-8893(94)90075-2; PMID: 8062528
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunce PE, Yang L, Chun S, Zhang SX, Trinkaus MA, Matukas LM. Disseminated sporotrichosis in a patient with hairy cell leukemia treated with amphotericin B and posaconazole. Med Mycol 2012; 50:197 - 201; http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13693786.2011.584074; PMID: 21612561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freitas DF, de Siqueira Hoagland B, do Valle AC, Fraga BB, de Barros MB, de Oliveira Schubach A, et al. Sporotrichosis in HIV-infected patients: report of 21 cases of endemic sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Med Mycol 2012; 50:170 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13693786.2011.596288; PMID: 21859385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva-Vergara ML, Maneira FR, De Oliveira RM, Santos CT, Etchebehere RM, Adad SJ. Multifocal sporotrichosis with meningeal involvement in a patient with AIDS. Med Mycol 2005; 43:187 - 90; http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13693780500035904; PMID: 15832562
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva-Vergara ML, de Camargo ZP, Silva PF, Abdalla MR, Sgarbieri RN, Rodrigues AM, et al. Disseminated Sporothrix brasiliensis infection with endocardial and ocular involvement in an HIV-infected patient. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012; 86:477 - 80; http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0441; PMID: 22403321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlos IZ, Sgarbi DB, Angluster J, Alviano CS, Silva CL. Detection of cellular immunity with the soluble antigen of the fungus Sporothrix schenckii in the systemic form of the disease. Mycopathologia 1992; 117:139 - 44; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442774; PMID: 1640975
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlos IZ, Zini MM, Sgarbi DB, Angluster J, Alviano CS, Silva CL. Disturbances in the production of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor in disseminated murine sporotrichosis. Mycopathologia 1994; 127:189 - 94; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01102920; PMID: 7808513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlos IZ, Sgarbi DB, Placeres MC. Host organism defense by a peptide-polysaccharide extracted from the fungus Sporothrix schenckii.. Mycopathologia 1998; 144:9 - 14; http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006964516334; PMID: 10422268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maia DC, Sassá MF, Placeres MC, Carlos IZ. Influence of Th1/Th2 cytokines and nitric oxide in murine systemic infection induced by Sporothrix schenckii.. Mycopathologia 2006; 161:11 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11046-005-0142-y; PMID: 16389479
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dixon DM, Salkin IF, Duncan RA, Hurd NJ, Haines JH, Kemna ME, et al. Isolation and characterization of Sporothrix schenckii from clinical and environmental sources associated with the largest U.S. epidemic of sporotrichosis. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29:1106 - 13; PMID: 1864926
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tachibana T, Matsuyama T, Mitsuyama M. Characteristic infectivity of Sporothrix schenckii to mice depending on routes of infection and inherent fungal pathogenicity. Med Mycol 1998; 36:21 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02681219880000041; PMID: 9776808
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong X, Xiao T, Lin J, Wang Y, Chen HD. Relationships among genotypes, virulence and clinical forms of Sporothrix schenckii infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006; 12:1077 - 81; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01519.x; PMID: 17002606
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brito MM, Conceição-Silva F, Morgado FN, Raibolt PS, Schubach A, Schubach TP, et al. Comparison of virulence of different Sporothrix schenckii clinical isolates using experimental murine model. Med Mycol 2007; 45:721 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13693780701625131; PMID: 17885952
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandes KS, Mathews HL, Lopes Bezerra LM. Differences in virulence of Sporothrix schenckii conidia related to culture conditions and cell-wall components. J Med Microbiol 1999; 48:195 - 203; http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00222615-48-2-195; PMID: 9989648
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Beer ZW, Harrington TC, Vismer HF, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ. Phylogeny of the Ophiostoma stenoceras-Sporothrix schenckii complex. Mycologia 2003; 95:434 - 41; http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3761885; PMID: 21156632
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawasaki M, Watanabe S, Ishizaki H. . 2003, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore.
   Google Scholar
• Watanabe S, Kawasaki M, Mochiduki T, Ishizaki H. . 2004, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore.
   Google Scholar
• Aghayeva DN, Wingfield MJ, Kirisits T, Wingfield BD. Ophiostoma dentifundum sp. nov. from oak in Europe, characterized using molecular phylogenetic data and morphology. Mycol Res 2005; 109:1127 - 36; http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0953756205003710; PMID: 16279407
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gujjari P, Suh SO, Zhou J. . 2008; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore.
   Google Scholar
• de Meyer EM, de Beer ZW, Summerbell RC, Moharram AM, de Hoog GS, Vismer HF, et al. Taxonomy and phylogeny of new wood- and soil-inhabiting Sporothrix species in the Ophiostoma stenoceras-Sporothrix schenckii complex. Mycologia 2008; 100:647 - 61; http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/07-157R; PMID: 18833758
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madrid H, Gené J, Cano J, Silvera C, Guarro J. Sporothrix brunneoviolacea and Sporothrix dimorphospora, two new members of the Ophiostoma stenoceras-Sporothrix schenckii complex. Mycologia 2010; 102:1193 - 203; http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/09-320; PMID: 20943519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandes GF, Do Amaral CC, Sasaki AA, Godoy PM, De Camargo ZP. Heterogeneity of proteins expressed by Brazilian Sporothrix schenckii isolates. Med Mycol 2009; 47:855 - 61; http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13693780802713216; PMID: 19184772
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendoza M, Díaz AM, Hung MB, Zambrano EA, Díaz E, De Albornoz MC. Production of culture filtrates of Sporothrix schenckii in diverse culture media. Med Mycol 2002; 40:447 - 54; PMID: 12462523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Donnell K. Molecular phylogeny of the Nectria haematococca - Fusarium solani species complex. Mycologia 2000; 92:919 - 38; http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3761588
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ, eds. PCR Protocols – a Guide to Methods and Application. San Diego: Academic Press, 1990:315-22.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 1994; 22:4673 - 80; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.22.4673; PMID: 7984417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall TA. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 1999; 41:95 - 8
   Google Scholar
• Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S. MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 2011; 28:2731 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121; PMID: 21546353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura M. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 1980; 16:111 - 20; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01731581; PMID: 7463489
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamura K. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions when there are strong transition-transversion and G+C content biase. Mol Biol Evol 1992; 4:678 - 87
   Google Scholar
• Felsenstein J. Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 1985; 39:783 - 91; http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2408678
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 1976; 72:248 - 54; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3; PMID: 942051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zar JH. Biostatistical analysis, 2nded. New Jersey: Prentice- Hall, Englewood Cliffs 1984.
   Google Scholar
• Laemmli UK. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 1970; 227:680 - 5; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/227680a0; PMID: 5432063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Towbin H, Staehelin T, Gordon J. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1979; 76:4350 - 4; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.76.9.4350; PMID: 388439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar