An Ecological Flow Assessment Framework: Building a Bridge to Implementation in Canada

References

• American Society of Civil Engineers. 2002 . Linking Stormwater BMP Designs and Performance to Receiving Water Impact Mitigation. Proceedings of Engineering Foundation Conference, Snowmass Village, Colorado, August 19–24, 2001
   Google Scholar
• Arthington , A. H. and Zalucki , J. M. 1998 . Comparative Evaluation of Environmental Flow Assessment Techniques: Review of Methods. Land and Water Research and Development Corporation Occasional Paper 27/98
   Google Scholar
• Arthington , A. H. , Brizga , S. O. and Kennard , M. J. 1998 . Comparative Evaluation of Environmental Flow Assessment Techniques: Best Practice Framework. Land and Water Resource Research and Development Corporation Occasional Paper 25/98
   Google Scholar
• Arthington , A. H. , Rall , J. L. , Kennard , M. J. and Pusey , B. J. 2003 . “Environmental Flow Requirements of Fish in Lesotho Rivers Using the DRIFT Methodology.” . River Research and Applications , 19 : 641 – 666 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booker , D. J. , Dunbar , M. J. and Ibbotson , A. T. 2004 . “Predicting Juvenile Salmonid Drift-Feeding Habitat Quality Using a Three-Dimensional Hydraulic Bioenergetic Model.” . Ecological Modelling , 177 : 157 – 177 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booth , D. B. , Karr , J. R. , Schauman , S. , Konrad , C. P. , Morley , S. A. , Larson , M. G. and Burges , S. J. 2004 . “Reviving Urban Streams: Land Use, Hydrology, Biology, and Human Behavior.” . Journal of the American Water Resources Association , 40 : 1351 – 1364 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bovee , K. D. , Lamb , B. L. , Bartholow , J. M. , Stalnaker , C. B. , Taylor , J. and Henriksen , J. 1998 . Streamhabitat Analysis Using the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology. U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division Information and Technology Report
   Google Scholar
• Bradford , A. and Gharabaghi , B. 2004 . “Evolution of Ontario's Stormwater Management Planning and Design Guidance.” . Water Quality Research Journal of Canada , 39 ( 4 ) : 343 – 355 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradford , A. and Parish , J. 2006 . Wilmot Creek Ecological Flow Assessment Study: Phase 2. Prepared for Ganaraska Region Conservation Authority and the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources
   Google Scholar
• Bradford , A. , Noor , R. and Whiteley , H. 2007 . “Ecological Flow Assessment for Hanlon Creek, Ontario: Use of Synthesized Flows with Range of Variability Approach.” . Canadian Water Resources Journal , 32 ( 2 ) : 111 – 128 .
   Google Scholar
• Cairns , J. Jr. 1995 . “Ecological Integrity of Aquatic Systems.” . Regulated Rivers: Research & Management , : 313 – 323 . 11
   Google Scholar
• Carling , P. 1995 . “Implications of Sediment Transport for Instream Flow Modeling of Aquatic Habitat.” . In The Ecological Basis for River Management. John Wiley and Sons Edited by: Harper , D. M. and Ferguson , A. J.D.
   Google Scholar
• Castleberry , D. T. , Cech (Jr.) , J. J. , Erman , D. C. , Hankin , D. , Healey , M. , Kondalf , G. M. , Mangel , M. , Mohr , M. , Moyle , P. B. , Nielsen , J. , Speed , T. P. and Williams , J. G. 1996 . “Uncertainty and Instream Flow Standards.” . Fisheries , 21 ( 8 ) : 20 – 21 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Church , M. A. 2006 . “Bed Material Transport and the Morphology of Alluvial River Channels.” . Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences , 34 : 325 – 354 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowder , D. W. and Diplas , P. 2000 . “Using Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Models at Scales of Ecological Importance.” . Journal of Hydrology , 230 : 172 – 191 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowder , D. W. and Diplas , P. 2002 . “Assessing Changes in Watershed Flow Regimes with Spatially Explicit Hydraulic Models.” . Journal of the American Water Resources Association , 38 ( 2 ) : 397 – 408 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunbar , M. J. and Acreman , M. C. 2001 . “Applied Hydro-Ecological Science for the Twenty-First Century.” . In Hydro-Ecology: Linking Hydrology and Aquatic Ecology, IAHS Publication 26
   Google Scholar
• Dunbar , M. J. , Gustard , A. , Acreman , M. C. and Elliot , C. R.N. 1998 . Overseas Approaches to Setting River Flow Objectives , R&D Technical Report W6–161. Wallingford , , UK : Institute of Hydrology .
   Google Scholar
• Galat , D. L. and Lipkin , R. 2000 . “Restoring Ecological Integrity of Great Rivers: Historical Hydrographs Aid in Defining Reference Conditions for the Missouri River.” . Hydrobiologia , 422 : 29 – 48 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gippel , C. J. and Stewardson , M. J. 1998 . “Use of Wetted Perimeter in Defining Minimum Environmental Flows.” . Regulated Rivers: Research & Management , : 53 – 67 . 14
   Google Scholar
• Grand River Conservation Authority. 2005 . Establishing Environmental Flow Requirements for Selected Streams in the Grand River Watershed. Prepared for Ontario Ministry of the Environment
   Google Scholar
• Gregory , S. V. , Swanson , F. J. , McKee , W. A. and Cummins , K. W. 1991 . “An Ecosystem Perspective of Riparian Zones.” . BioScience , 41 ( 8 ) : 540 – 551 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy , T. B. 1998 . “The Future of Habitat Modeling and Instream Flow Assessment Techniques.” . Regulated Rivers: Research & Management , : 405 – 420 . 14
   Google Scholar
• Hatfield , T. , Lewis , A. , Ohlson , D. and Bradford , M. 2003 . Development of Instream Flow Thresholds as Guidelines for Reviewing Proposed Water Uses. Prepared for BC Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management and BC Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection
   Google Scholar
• Hill , M. T. , Platts , W. S. and Beschta , R. L. 1991 . “Ecological and Geomorphological Concepts for Instream and Out-of-Channel Flow Requirements.” . Rivers , 2 ( 3 ) : 198 – 210 .
   Google Scholar
• Holling , C. S. and Meffe , G. K. 1996 . “Command and Control and the Pathology of Natural Resources Management.” . Conservation Biology , 10 ( 2 ) : 328 – 337 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Instream Flow Council. 2002 . Instream Flows for Riverine Resource Stewardship. 410pp
   Google Scholar
• Imhof , J. G. , Fitzgibbon , J. and Annable , W. K. 1996 . “A Hierarchical Evaluation System for Characterizing Watershed Ecosystems for Fish Habitat.” . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science , 53 ( Suppl. 1 ) : 312 – 326 .
   Google Scholar
• Jowett , I. G. 1997 . “Instream Flow Methods: A Comparison of Approaches.” . Regulated Rivers: Research & Management , : 115 – 127 . 13
   Google Scholar
• Jungwirth , M. , Muhar , S. and Schmutz , S. 2000 . “Fundamentals of Fish Ecological Integrity and Their Relation to the Extended Serial Discontinuity Concept.” . In Hydrobiologia, 422/423 85 – 97 .
   Google Scholar
• Junk , W. J. , Bayley , P. B. and Sparks , R. E. 1989 . “The Floodpulse Concept in River-Floodplain Systems.” . Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Science , 106 : 110 – 127 .
   Google Scholar
• Karr , J. R. 1996 . “Ecological Integrity and Ecological Health Are Not the Same.” . In Engineering Within Ecological Constraints. National Academy of Engineering Washington , DC
   Google Scholar
• King , J. , Brown , C. and Sabet , H. 2003 . “A Scenario-Based Holistic Approach to Environmental Flow Assessments for Rivers.” . River Research and Applications , 19 : 619 – 639 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kondolf , G. M. and Wilcock , P. R. 1996 . “The Flushing Flow Problem: Defining and Evaluating Objectives.” . Water Resources Research , 32 : 2589 – 2599 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maingi , J. K and Marsh , S. E. 2002 . “Quantifying Hydrologic Impacts Following Dam Construction Along the Tana River, Kenya.” . Journal of Arid Environments , 50 : 53 – 79 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milhous , R. T. 1998 . “Modelling of Instream Flow Needs: The Link Between Sediment and Aquatic Habitat.” . Regulated Rivers: Research & Management , : 79 – 94 . 14
   Google Scholar
• Montgomery , D. R. and Buffington , J. M. 1997 . “Channel Reach Morphology in Mountain Drainage Basins.” . Geological Society of America Bulletin , 109 : 596 – 611 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson , C. , Pizzuto , J. E. , Moglan , G. E. , Palmer , M. A. , Stanley , E. H. , Bockstael , N. E. and Thompson , L. C. 2003 . “Ecological Forecasting and the Urbanization of Stream Ecosystems: Challenges for Economists, Hydrologists and Ecologists.” . Ecosystems , 6 : 659 – 674 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noss , R. F. 1990 . “Indicators for Monitoring Biodiversity: A Hierarchical Approach.” . Conservation Biology , 4 ( 4 ) : 355 – 364 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noss , R. F. 1996 . “Ecosystems as Conservation Targets.” . Tree , 11 ( 8 ) 351
   Google Scholar
• Olden , J. D. and Poff , N. L. 2003 . “Redundancy and the Choice of Hydrologic Indices for Characterizing Streamflow Regimes.” . River Research and Applications , 19 : 101 – 121 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Watershed Science Centre (OMNR). 2002 . Adaptive Management of Stream Corridors in Ontario
   Google Scholar
• Petts , G. E. and Maddock , I. 1994 . “Flow Allocation for In-River Needs.” . In The Rivers Handbook: Hydrological and Ecological Principles. Volume 2. Blackwell Scientific Publications Edited by: Calow , P. and Petts , G. E. 523
   Google Scholar
• Poff , N. L. , Allan , J. D. , Bain , M. B. and Karr , J. R. 1997 . “The Natural Flow Regime: A Paradigm for River Conservation and Restoration.” . BioScience , 47 ( 11 ) : 769 – 784 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid , L. M. and Dunne , T. 1996 . Rapid Evaluation of Sediment Budgets. Catena Verlag GMBH, Germany
   Google Scholar
• Reinfelds , I. , Haeusler , T. , Brooks , A. J. and Williams , S. 2004 . “Refinement of the Wetted Perimeter Breakpoint Method for Setting Cease-to-Pump Limits or Minimum Environmental Flows.” . River Research and Application , 20 : 671 – 685 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richter , B. D. , Baumgartner , J. V. , Powell , J. and Braun , D. P. 1996 . “A Method for Assessing Hydrologic Alteration within Ecosystems.” . Conservation Biology , 10 ( 4 ) : 1163 – 1174 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richter , B. D. , Baumgartner , J. V. , Wigington , R. and Braun , D. P. 1997 . “How Much Water Does A River Need?” . Freshwater Biology , 37 : 231 – 249 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richter , B. D. , Baumgartner , J. V. , Braun , D. P. and Powell , J. 1998 . “A Spatial Assessment of Hydrologic Alteration Within A River Network.” . Regulated Rivers Research and Management , 14 : 329 – 240 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richter , B. D. , Matthews , R. , Harrison , D. L. and Wigington , R. 2003 . “Ecologically Sustainable Water Management: Managing River Flows for Ecological Integrity.” . Ecological Applications , 13 ( 1 ) : 206 – 224 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers , K. and Biggs , H. 1999 . “Integrating Indicators, Endpoints and Value Systems in Strategic Management of the Rivers of the Kruger National Park.” . Freshwater Biology , 41 : 439 – 451 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosgen , D. L. 1994 . “A Classification of Natural Rivers.” . Catena , 22 : 169 – 199 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosgen , D. L. , Silvey , H. L. and Potyondy , J. P. 1986 . “Use of Channel Maintenance Flow Concepts in the Forest Service.” . Hydrological Sciences and Technology , 2 : 19 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Shaw , D. T. 2001 . The Impacts of Upstream Dams, Groundwater Withdrawals and Climate Variability on Baseflows of Altamaha River, Georgia. Internal Report, The Nature Conservancy, Altamaha River Bioreserve, Darian, Georgia
   Google Scholar
• Shiau , J-T. and Wu , F.-C. 2004 . “Assessment of Hydrologic Alterations Caused by Chi-Chi Diversion Weir in Chou-Shui Creek, Taiwan: Opportunities for Restoring Natural Flow Conditions.” . River Research and Applications , 20 : 401 – 412 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stalnaker , C. 1994 . “Evolution of Instream Flow Habitat Modeling.” . In The Rivers Handbook: Hydrological and Ecological Principles. Volume 2. Blackwell Scientific Publications Edited by: Calow , P. and Petts , G. E. 523
   Google Scholar
• Stalnaker , C. , Lamb , B. L. , Henriksen , J. , Bovee , K. and Bartholow , J. 1995 . The Instream Flow Incremental Methodology: A Primer for IFIM. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Service. Biological Report 29
   Google Scholar
• Stanford , J. A. , Ward , J. V. , Liss , W. J. , Frissell , C. A. , Williams , R. N. , Lichatowich , J. A. and Coutant , C. C. 1996 . “A General Protocol for Restoration of Regulated Rivers.” . Regulated Rivers: Research & Management , : 391 – 413 . 12
   Google Scholar
• Tennant , D. L. 1976 . “Instream Flow Regimens for Fish, Wildlife, Recreation and Related Environmental Resources.” . In Fisheries 6 – 10 . 1(4)
   Google Scholar
• Tessmann , S. A. 1979 . Environmental Use Sector Reconnaissance Elements of the Western Dakotas Region of South Dakota Study, Appendix C, Volume C4. Water Resources Research Institute, South Dakota University
   Google Scholar
• Tharme , R. E. 2003 . “A Global Perspective on Environmental Flow Assessment: Emerging Trends in the Development and Application of Environmental Flow Methodologies for Rivers.” . River Research and Applications , 19 : 397 – 441 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomson , J. R. , Taylor , M. P. , Fryirs , K. A. and Brierley , G. J. 2001 . “A Geomorphological Framework for River Characterization and Habitat Assessment.” . Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems , 11 : 373 – 389 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vannote , R. L. , Minshall , G. W. , Cummins , K. W. , Sedell , J. R. and Cushing , C. E. 1980 . “The River Continuum Concept.” . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science , 37 ( 1 ) : 130 – 137 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh , C. J. , Roy , A. H. , Feminella , J. W. , Cottingham , P. D. , Groffman , P. M. and Morgan , R. P. 2005 . “The Urban Stream Syndrome: Current Knowledge and the Search for a Cure.” . Journal of the North American Benthological Society , 24 ( 3 ) : 706 – 723 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward , J. V. and Stanford , J. A. 1995 . “The Serial Discontinuity Concept: Extending the Model to Floodplain Rivers.” . Regulated Rivers: Research & Management , : 159 – 168 . 10
   Google Scholar
• Whiting , P. J. 1998 . “Floodplain Maintenance Flow.” . Rivers , 6 ( 3 ) : 160 – 170 .
   Google Scholar
• Whiting , P. J. 2002 . “Geomorphic and Hydrologic Aspects of Streamflow Maintenance.” . Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences , 30 : 181 – 206 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar