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Desalination and Water Treatment Volume 4, 2009 - Issue 1-3
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Original Articles

Economic and environmental assessment of small and decentralized wastewater treatment systems

R. Nogueira IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4705-057, Braga, Portugal Phone: +351 253604410 Fax: +351 253604410
,
A.G. Brito IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4705-057, Braga, Portugal Phone: +351 253604410 Fax: +351 253604410
,
A.P. Machado IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4705-057, Braga, Portugal Phone: +351 253604410 Fax: +351 253604410
,
P. Janknecht Stadtwerke Düsseldorf AG-Wasserwirtschaft und Technik Himmelgeister Landstrasse 1, 40589, Düsseldorf, Germany E-mail: pjanknecht@swd_ag.de
,
J.J. Salas Department of Applied Research, New Water Technologies Centre (CENTA), Avda. Américo Vespuccio 5-A, 2a, Módulo 10, 41092, Seville, Spain E-mail: [email protected]
,
L. Vera Water Department - Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias (ITC), Playa de Pozo Izquierdo, s/n, 35119 Santa Lucía, Las Palmas, Spain
&
G. Martel Water Department - Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias (ITC), Playa de Pozo Izquierdo, s/n, 35119 Santa Lucía, Las Palmas, Spain
 show all
Pages 16-21 | Received 14 Apr 2008, Accepted 05 Aug 2008, Published online: 03 Aug 2012

References

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  • Emmerson , R. H. C. , Morse , G. K. , Lester , J. N. and Edge , D. R. 1995 . Lifecycle analysis of small-scale sewage treatment processes . J. Chart. Inst. Water Environ. Manag. , 9 : 317 – 325 .
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  • Nogueira , R. , Ferreira , I. , Janknecht , J. , Salas , J. J. , Oliveira , P. and Brito , A. G. 2007 . Energy-saving wastewater treatment systems: formulation of cost functions . Wat. Sci. Tech. , 56 : 85 – 92 .
  • Machado , A. P. , Urbano , L. , Brito , A. G. , Janknecht , J. , Salas , J. J. and Nogueira , R. 2007 . Life cycle assessment of wastewater treatment options for small and decentralized communities: energy-saving systems versus activated sludge . Wat. Sci. Tech. , 56 : 15 – 22 .
  • 2004 . Introduction to LCA with SimaPro. Pré-product Ecology Consults
  • Salas , J. J. 2004 . Natural Wastewater Treatment Systems , Sevilla , , Spain : Centro de las Nuevas Tecnologias del Agua – CENTA .
  • Office Internacional de l'Eau . 2004 . Document de travail – Project DEPURANAT— Les tecniques d’ epuration naturelle: 50 à 200 eh
  • Rousseau , D. 2005 . Performance of constructed treatment wetlands: model-based evaluation and impact of operation and maintenance , Belgium : Ghent University . PhD thesis
  • Boutin , C. , Duchène , P. and Liénard , A. 1998 . Filières d'épuration adaptées aux petites collectivités , Document technique FNDAE no 22 France : CEMAGREF .

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