Greywater treatment as an option for effective wastewater management in small communities

References

• Lazarova , V. , Hills , S. and Birks , R. 2003 . Using recycled water for nonpotable, urban uses: a review with particular reference to toilet flushing . Water Sci. Technol.: Water Supply , 3 ( 4 ) : 69 – 77 .
   Google Scholar
• Nolde , E. 1999 . Greywater reuse systems for toilet flushing in multistorey buildings — over ten years experience in Berlin . Urban Water , 1 ( 4 ) : 275 – 284 .
   Google Scholar
• Birks , R. , Colbourne , J. , Hills , S. and Hobson , R. 2004 . Microbiological water quality in a large in-building, water recycling facility . Water Sci. Technol. , 50 ( 2 ) : 165 – 172 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedler , E. 2004 . Quality of individual domestic greywater streams and its implication for on-site treatment and reuse possibilities . Environ. Technol. , 25 ( 9 ) : 997 – 1008 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ottoson , J. and Stenstrom , T. A. 2003 . Faecal contamination of greywater and associated microbial risks . Water Res. , 37 ( 3 ) : 645 – 655 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veneman , P. L. M. and Stewart , B. 2002 . Greywater Characterization and Treatment Efficiency , Massachusetts : The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Resource Protection .
   Google Scholar
• Birks , R. , Hills , S. , Diaper , C. and Jeffrey , P. Assessment of water savings from single house domestic grey water systems Acess: 09/2007 http://www.thameswateruk.co.uk/en_gb/Downloads/PDFs/Paper_resources_2_Greywater_recycling.pdf
   Google Scholar
• 2006 . Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater, Excreta and Greywater , 3rd ed. , Geneva , , Switzerland : World Health Organization Press .
   Google Scholar
• 2000 . Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy , Official J. European Union .
   Google Scholar
• 2004 . Guidelines for Water Reuse: EPA/625/R-04/108: US Environmental Protection Agency; Municipal Support Division, Office of Wastewater Management, Washington DC.; Technology Transfer and Support Division, National Risk Management and Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH; US Agency for International Development , Washington , DC : US–EPA .
   Google Scholar
• 2006 . National Guidelines for Water Recycling: Managing Health and Environmental Risks, Environment Protection and Heritage Council, Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council, Australian Health Ministers’ Conference , Australian EPA .
   Google Scholar
• Scheumann , R. and Kraume , M. “ Influence of different HRT for the operation of a submerged membrane sequencing batch reactor (SM-SBR) for the treatment of greywater ” . In Desalination accepted
   Google Scholar
• Merz , C. , Scheumann , R. , El Hamouri , B. and Kraume , M. 2007 . Membrane bioreactor technology for the treatment of greywater from a sports and leisure club . Desalination , 215 : 37 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jefferson , B. , Judd , S. and Diaper , C. 2001 . “ Treatment methods of grey water ” . In Decentralised Sanitation and Reuse — Concepts, Systems and Implementation , Edited by: Lens , P. , Zeeman , G. and Lettinga , G. 334 – 353 . London : IWA Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• 1996 . “ DIN EN ISO 10304-2: Bestimmung der gelösten Anionen mittels Ionenchromatographie ” . In Deutsche Einheitsverfahren zur Wasser-, Abwasser- und Schlammuntersuchung; Anionen Gruppe D, N.W. (NAW), ed , Berlin : Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V .
   Google Scholar
• 1999 . “ DIN EN ISO 14911: Bestimmung der gelösten Kationen mittels Ionenchromatographie ” . In Deutsche Einheitsverfahren zur Wasser-, Abwasser- und Schlammuntersuchung; Kationen Gruppe E, N.W. (NAW), ed , Berlin : Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V .
   Google Scholar
• 2005 . Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater , 21st ed. , Washington , D.C : APHA, WPCP .
   Google Scholar
• Rodier , J. 1996 . L'analyse de l'eau: eaux naturelles, eaux résiduaires, eau de mer , 8th ed. , Paris : DUNOD .
   Google Scholar
• Jefferson , B. , Laine , A. L. , Judd , S. L. and Stephenson , T. 2000 . Membrane bioreactors and their role in wastewater reuse . Water Sci. Technol. , 41 ( 1 ) : 197 – 204 .
   Google Scholar
• Metcalf and Eddym . 2003 . Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse , 4th ed. , New York : McGraw Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Kargi , F. and Uygur , A. 2003 . Nutrient removal performance of a fivestep sequencing batch reactor as a function of wastewater composition . Process Biochem. , 38 : 1039 – 1045 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jefferson , B. , Laine , A. , Parsons , S. , Stephenson , T. and Judd , S. 2000 . Technologies for domestic wastewater recycling . Urban Water , 1 ( 4 ) : 285 – 292 .
   Google Scholar
• Stephenson , T. , Judd , S. , Jefferson , B. and Brindle , K. 2000 . Membrane Bioreactors for Wastewater Treatment , IWA Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Jefferson , B. , Judd , S. and Diaper , C. 2000 . “ Treatment methods of grey water ” . In Decentralised Sanitation and Reuse — Concepts, Systems and Implementation , Edited by: Lens , P. IWA Publishing . Chapt. 17
   Google Scholar
• Kadlec , R. H. 1994 . Detention and mixing in free water wetlands . Ecol. Eng. , 3 : 345 – 380 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masi , F. , Martinuzzi , N. , Bresciani , L. , Giovannelli , L. and Conte , G. 2007 . Tolerance to hydraulic and organic load fluctuations in constructed wetlands . Water Sci. Technol. , 56 ( 3 ) : 39 – 48 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Friedler , E. , Kovalio , R. and Ben-Zvi , A. 2006 . Comparative study of the microbial quality of greywater treated by three on-site treatment systems . Environ. Technol. , 27 ( 6 ) : 653 – 663 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jefferson , B. , Laine , A. L. , Stephenson , T. and Judd , S. J. 2001 . Advanced biological unit processes for domestic water recycling . Water Sci. Technol. , 43 ( 10 ) : 211 – 218 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li , X.-Y. and Chu , H. P. 2003 . Membrane bioreactor for the drinking water treatment of polluted surface water supplies . Water Res. , 37 : 4781 – 4791 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winward , G. P. , Avery , L. M. , Frazer-Williams , R. , Pidou , M. , Jeffrey , P. , Stephenson , T. and Jefferson , B. 2008 . A study of the microbial quality of grey water and an evaluation of treatment technologies for reuse . Ecol. Eng. , 32 ( 2 ) : 187 – 197 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christova-Boal , D. , Eden , R. E. and McFarlane , S. 1996 . An investigation into greywater reuse for urban residential properties . Desalination , 106 : 391 – 397 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dallas , S. and Ho , G. 2005 . Subsurface flow reedbeds using alternative media for the treatment of domestic greywater in Monteverde, Costa Rica, Central America . Water Sci. Technol. , 51 ( 10 ) : 119 – 128 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar