Waste stabilization ponds: Past, present and future

References

• Mara , D. D. 2005 . “ Waste stabilization ponds: time for aggressive marketing ” . In Aqua 2003: Multiple Uses of Water for Life and Sustainable Development , Edited by: Peña , M. R. , Restrepo , I. , Mara , D. D. and Gijzen , H. 129 – 130 . London : IWA Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Mara , D. D. To plant or not to plant? Questions on the role of plants in constructed wetlands . Paper presented at the joint session of the Ninth IWA International Conference on Constructed Wetlands and the Sixth IWA International Conference on Waste Stabilization Ponds . Avignon , , France
   Google Scholar
• Mara , D. D. Constructed wetlands are not a viable alternative or addition to waste stabilization ponds . Paper presented at the 7th IWA International Conference on Waste Stabilization Ponds . Bangkok , , Thailand
   Google Scholar
• Mara , D. D. 2006 . Constructed wetlands and waste stabilization ponds for small rural communities in the United Kingdom: a comparison of land area requirements, performance and costs . Environ. Technol. , 27 ( 4 ) : 573 – 757 .
   Google Scholar
• Oswald , W. J. 1976 . “ Experiences with new pond designs in California ” . In Ponds as a Wastewater Treatment Alternative , Edited by: Gloyna , E. F. , Malina , J. F. and Davis , E. M. 257 – 272 . Austin , TX : University of Texas Press .
   Google Scholar
• Caldwell , D. H. 1946 . Sewage oxidation ponds: performance, operation and design . Sewage Works J. , 18 ( 3 ) : 433 – 458 .
   Google Scholar
• Dildine , E. D. and Franzmathes , J. R. Current design criteria for oxidation ponds . Proc. Second International Symposium for Waste Treatment Lagoons . Edited by: McKinney , R. E. pp. 194 – 200 . Lawrence , KS : University of Kansas .
   Google Scholar
• 1961 . Waste Stabilization Lagoons: A Review of Research and Experience in Design, Construction, Operation and Maintenance , Washington , DC : US Department of Health, Education and Welfare .
   Google Scholar
• McKinney , R. E. Proc. Second International Symposium for Waste Treatment Lagoons . Lawrence , KS : University of Kansas .
   Google Scholar
• Ludwig , H. F. and Oswald , W. J. 1952 . Role of algae in sewage oxidation ponds . The Scientific Monthly , 74 ( 1 ) : 3 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Gotaas , H. B. , Oswald , W. J. and Ludwig , H. F. 1954 . Photosynthetic reclamation of organic wastes . The Scientific Monthly , 79 ( 6 ) : 368 – 378 .
   Google Scholar
• Oswald , W. J. 1975 . Waste Pond Fundamentals , Washington , DC : The World Bank .
   Google Scholar
• Marais , G. v. R. and Shaw , V. A. 1961 . A rational theory for the design of sewage stabilization ponds in central and south Africa . Trans. South Afr. Inst. Civil Eng. , 3 : 205 – 227 .
   Google Scholar
• Marais , G. v. R. 1966 . New factors in the design, operation and performance of waste stabilization ponds . Bull. WHO , 34 ( 5 ) : 737 – 763 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marais , G. v. R. Dynamic behaviour of oxidation ponds . Proc. Second International Symposium for Waste Treatment Lagoons . Edited by: McKinney , R. E. pp. 15 – 46 . Lawrence , KS : University of Kansas .
   Google Scholar
• Marais , G. v. R. 1974 . Faecal bacterial kinetics in waste stabilization ponds . J. Environ. Eng. Div., ASCE , 100 ( EE1 ) : 119 – 139 .
   Google Scholar
• Boutin , P. , Vachon , A. and Racault , Y. 1987 . Waste stabilization ponds in France: an overall review . Water Sci. Technol. , 19 ( 12 ) : 25 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Bucksteeg , K. 1987 . German experiences with sewage treatment ponds . Water Sci. Technol. , 19 ( 12 ) : 17 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• 1983 . Design Manual: Municipal Wastewater Stabilization Ponds , Cincinnati , OH : US Environmental Protection Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Arthur , J. P. 1983 . Notes on the Design and Operation of Waste Stabilization Ponds in Warm Climates of Developing Countries , Washington , DC : The World Bank .
   Google Scholar
• Townsend , A. R. and Knoll , H. 1987 . Cold Climate Sewage Lagoons , Ottawa : Environment Canada .
   Google Scholar
• Mara , D. D. and Pearson , H. W. 1987 . Waste Stabilization Ponds: Design Manual for Mediterranean Europe , Copenhagen : World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe .
   Google Scholar
• Mara , D. D. and Pearson , H. W. 1998 . Design Manual for Waste Stabilization Ponds in Mediterranean Countries , Leeds : Lagoon Technology International .
   Google Scholar
• Mara , D. D. 1997 . Design Manual for Waste Stabilization Ponds in India , Leeds : Lagoon Technology International .
   Google Scholar
• Shilton , A. N. and Harrison , J. 2003 . Guidelines for the Hydraulic Design of Waste Stabilization Ponds , Palmerston North , , New Zealand : Massey University .
   Google Scholar
• de Andrade Neto , C. O. 1997 . Sistemas Simples para Tratamento de Esgotos Sanitários: Experiência Brasileira , Rio de Janeiro : Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental .
   Google Scholar
• Mara , D. D. 2004 . Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries , London : Earthscan Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Peña Varón , M. R. and Mara , D. D. 2004 . Waste Stabilization Ponds — Thematic Overview Paper , Delft : IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre .
   Google Scholar
• von Sperling , M. and de Lemos Chernicharo , C. A. 2005 . Biological Wastewater Treatment in Warm Climate Regions , London : IWA Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Mara , D. D. 2007 . Good Practice in Water and Environmental Management: Natural Wastewater Treatment , London : Chartered Institute of Water and Environmental Management .
   Google Scholar
• 1997 . Cemagref and Agences de l’Eau, Le Lagunage Naturel: Les Leçons Tirées de 15 Ans de Pratique en France, Centre National du Machinisme Agricole, du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forets Lyon
   Google Scholar
• 1999 . Wastewater Treatment Plants — Part 5: Lagooning Processes (European Standard No. EN 12255-5:1999) , Brussels : Comité Européen de Normalisation .
   Google Scholar
• 2004 . Wastewater and Evaporation Lagoon Construction , Adelaide , , South Australia : Environment Protection Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Curtis , T. P. , Mara , D. D. and Silva , S. A. 1992 . Influence of pH, oxygen and humic substances on ability of sunlight to damage faecal coliforms in waste stabilization pond water . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 58 ( 4 ) : 1335 – 1343 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oragui , J. I. , Arridge , H. , Mara , D. D. , Pearson , H. W. and Silva , S. A. 1993 . Vibrio cholerae O1 (El Tor) removal in waste stabilization ponds in northeast Brazil . Water Res. , 27 ( 4 ) : 727 – 728 .
   Google Scholar
• von Sperling , M. 2005 . Modelling of coliform removal in 186 facultative and maturation ponds around the world . Water Res. , 39 : 5261 – 5273 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayres , R. M. , Alabaster , G. P. , Mara , D. D. and Lee , D. L. 1992 . A design equation for human intestinal nematode egg removal in waste stabilization ponds . Water Res. , 26 ( 6 ) : 863 – 865 .
   Google Scholar
• Camargo Valero , M. A. and Mara , D. D. 2007 . Nitrogen removal in maturation ponds: tracer experiments with 15N-labelled ammonia . Water Sci. Technol. , 55 ( 11 ) : 81 – 85 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Camargo Valero , M. A. and Mara , D. D. 2007 . Nitrogen removal via ammonia volatilization in maturation ponds . Water Sci. Technol. , 55 ( 11 ) : 87 – 92 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Camargo Valero , M. A. and Mara , D. D. Nitrogen transformation and removal in maturation ponds: tracer experiments with 15N stable isotopes in the UK in summer . Paper presented at SmallWat2007 . Seville
   Google Scholar
• Abis , K. L. 2002 . The performance of facultative waste stabilisation ponds in the United Kingdom , Leeds : University of Leeds . PhD thesis
   Google Scholar
• Banda , C. G. 2007 . Computational fluid dynamics modelling of baffled waste stabilization ponds , Leeds : University of Leeds . PhD thesis
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , M. L. and Mara , D. D. 2007 . Ammonia removal from facultative pond effluents in a constructed wetland and an aerated rock filter: performance comparison in winter and summer . Water Environ. Res. , 79 ( 5 ) : 567 – 570 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnson , M. L. , Camargo Valero , M. A. and Mara , D. D. 2007 . Maturation ponds, rock filters and reedbeds in the UK: statistical analysis of winter performance . Water Sci. Technol. , 55 ( 11 ) : 135 – 142 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mara , D. D. and Johnson , M. L. 2006 . Aerated rock filters for enhanced ammonia and fecal coliform removal from facultative pond effluents . J. Environ. Eng., ASCE , 132 ( 4 ) : 574 – 577 .
   Google Scholar
• Mara , D. D. and Johnson , M. L. 2007 . Waste stabilization ponds and rock filters: solutions for small communities . Water Sci. Technol. , 55 ( 7 ) : 103 – 107 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Swanson , G. R. and Williamson , K. J. 1980 . Upgrading lagoon effluents with rock filters . J. Environ. Eng. Div., ASCE , 106 ( EE6 ) : 1111 – 1129 .
   Google Scholar
• Middlebrooks , E. J. 1995 . Upgrading pond effluents: an overview . Water Sci. Technol. , 31 ( 12 ) : 353 – 368 .
   Google Scholar
• Middlebrooks , E. J. 1988 . Review of rock filters for the upgrade of lagoon effluents . J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. , 60 ( 9 ) : 1657 – 1662 .
   Google Scholar
• 2002 . Rock Media Polishing Filter for Lagoons , Washington , DC : US Environmental Protection Agency .
   Google Scholar
• 1991 . Directive 91/271/EEC of Council of the European Communities of 21 May 1991 concerning urban waste water treatment . Official J. European Communities , L135 : 40 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• 2000 . Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy . Official J. European Communities , L327 : 1 – 72 .
   Google Scholar
• Mara , D. D. 2006 . “ Septic tanks, baffled facultative ponds and aerated rock filters: a high-efficiency low-cost wastewater treatment system for small communities up to ~500 p.e ” . In E-Water , paper #19/06 www.ewaonline.de/journal/online.htm
   Google Scholar
• 2000 . Septic Tank Systems for Large Flow Applications , Washington , DC : US Environmental Protection Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Oswald , W. J. 1991 . Introduction to advanced integrated wastewater ponding systems . Water Sci. Technol. , 24 ( 5 ) : 1 – 7 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oswald , W. J. 1995 . Ponds in the twenty-first century . Water Sci. Technol. , 31 ( 12 ) : 1 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Hinrichsen , D. , Robey , B. and Upadhyay , U. D. 1998 . Solutions for a Water-short World , Baltimore , MD : Johns Hopkins University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Juanicó , M. and Dor , I. 1999 . Hypertrophic Reservoirs for Wastewater Storage and Reuse: Ecology, Performance, and Engineering Design , Heidelberg : Springer Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Mara , D. D. and Pearson , H. W. 1992 . Sequential batch-fed effluent storage reservoirs: a new concept of wastewater treatment prior to unrestricted crop irrigation . Water Sci. Technol. , 26 ( 7–8 ) : 1459 – 1464 .
   Google Scholar
• Mara , D. D. and Pearson , H. W. 1999 . A hybrid waste stabilization pond and wastewater storage and treatment reservoir system for wastewater reuse for both restricted and unrestricted irrigation . Water Res. , 33 ( 2 ) : 591 – 594 .
   Google Scholar
• 2006 . “ Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater, Excreta and Greywater ” . In Wastewater Use in Agriculture , Vol. 2 , Geneva : World Health Organization .
   Google Scholar
• Edwards , P. 1992 . Reuse of Human Wastes in Aquaculture , Washington , DC : The World Bank .
   Google Scholar
• Mara , D. D. , Edwards , P. , Clark , D. and Mills , S. M. 1993 . A rational approach to the design of wastewater-fed fishponds . Water Res. , 27 ( 12 ) : 1797 – 1799 .
   Google Scholar
• 2006 . “ Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater, Excreta and Greywater ” . In Wastewater and Excreta Use in Aquaculture , Vol. 3 , Geneva : World Health Organization .
   Google Scholar
• 2001 . Integrated Agriculture-Aquaculture: A Primer (Fisheries Technical Paper No. 407) , Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization .
   Google Scholar