Effect of flow rate on water quality parameters and plant growth of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) in an aquaponic recirculating system

References

• Kioussis , D. R. , Wheaton , F. W. and Kofinas , P. 2000 . Reactive nitrogen and phosphorus removal from aquaculture wastewater effluents using polymer hydrogels . Aquacul. Eng. , 23 : 315 – 332 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cripps , S. and Kumar , M. 2003 . “ Environmental and other impacts of aquaculture ” . In Aquaculture: Farming Aquatic Animals and Plants , Edited by: Lucas , J. S. and Southgate , P. C. 74 – 99 . Oxford : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Adler , P. R. , Harper , J. K. , Takeda , F. , Wade , E. M. and Summerfelt , S. T. 2000 . Economic evaluation of hydroponics and other treatment options for phosphorus removal in aquaculture effluent . HortScience , 35 : 993 – 999 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin , Y. F. , Jing , S. R. , Lee , D. Y. and Wang , T. W. 2002 . Nutrient removal from aquaculture wastewater using a constructed wetlands system . Aquaculture , 209 : 169 – 184 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin , Y. F. , Jing , S. R. and Lee , D. Y. 2003 . The potential use of constructed wetlands in a recirculating aquaculture system for shrimp culture . Environ. Pollut. , 123 : 107 – 113 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin , Y. F. , Jing , S. R. and Lee , D. Y. 2005 . Performance of a constructed wetland treating intensive shrimp aquaculture wastewater under high hydraulic loading rate . Environ. Poll. , 134 : 411 – 421 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulz , C. , Gelbrecht , J. and Rennert , B. 2003 . Treatment of rainbow trout farm effluents in constructed wetland with emergent plants and subsurface horizontal water flow . Aquacul. , 217 : 207 – 221 .
   Google Scholar
• Langergraber , G. , Haberl , R. , Laber , J. and A. Pressl . 2003 . Evaluation of substrate clogging processes in vertical flow constructed wetland . Water Sci. Technol. , 48 : 25 – 34 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rakocy , J. E. , Hargreaves , J. A. and Bailey , O. S. 1989 . Effects of hydroponic vegetable production on water quality in a closed recirculating system . J.World Aquacul. Soc. , 20 : 64A
   Google Scholar
• Adler , P. R. , Summerfelt , S. T. , Glenn , D. M. and Takeda , F. 2003 . Mechanistic approach to phytoremediation of water . Ecol. Eng. , 20 : 251 – 264 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dushenkov , V. , Kumar , P. B. A. N. , Motto , H. and Raskin , L. 1995 . Rhizofiltration: the use of plants to remove heavy metals from aqueous streams . Environ. Sci. Tech. , 19 : 1239 – 1245 .
   Google Scholar
• Parker , D. , Anouti , A. and Dickenson , G. 1990 . Integrated fish/plant production system: experimental results , ERL report 90-34 Tucson , Arizona : University of Arizona .
   Google Scholar
• McMurtry , M. R. , Sanders , D. C. , Nelson , P. V. and Nash , A. 1993 . Mineral nutrient concentration and uptake by tomato irrigated with recirculating aquaculture water as influenced by quantity of fish waste products supplied . J. Plant Nutr. , 16 : 407 – 419 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rakocy , J. E. , Hargreaves , J. A. and Bailey , D. S. 1993 . “ Nutrient accumulation in a recirculating aquaculture system integrated with vegetable hydroponics ” . In Techniques for Modern Aquaculture , ASAE Publ. 02-93 Edited by: Wang , J. K. 148 – 158 . St. Joseph , MI
   Google Scholar
• Ghaly , A. E. and Snow , A. M. 2008 . Use of barley for the purification of aquaculture wastewater in a hydroponics system . Am. J. Environ. Sci. , 4 : 89 – 102 .
   Google Scholar
• Pettersen , B. W. 1987 . Ability of lettuce, rye grass and barley to reduce the nutrient salt content of wastewater from fish farming . Water Sci. Technol. , 19 : 129 – 138 .
   Google Scholar
• Eding , E. and Kamstra , A. Design and performance of recirculation systems for European eel and African catfish . Proc. AES Workshop . pp. 18 – 28 . Orlando , FL
   Google Scholar
• Faturoti , E. O. 1989 . Effects of supplementary feeding and organic manuring on the production of African Catfish: clarias gariepinus . J. West Afr. Fish. , 4 : 187 – 195 .
   Google Scholar
• Viveen , W. , Richter , C. , Oordt , P. and Huisman , E. A. 1985 . Practical manual for the culture of African catfish , the Netherlands : Joint publication of: Directorate General International Co-operation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, The Hague, the Netherlands, Department of Fish Culture and Fisheries of theAgricultural University of Wageningen, the Netherlands, and Research Group for Comparative Endocrinology, Department of Zoology of the University of Utrecht .
   Google Scholar
• Marschner , H. 1995 . Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants , 2nd ed. , London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nelson , E. B. 2004 . Microbial dynamic and interactions in the sphermosphere . Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. , 42 : 271 – 309 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viadero , R. C. , Cunningham , J. H. , Semmens , K. J. and Tierney , A. E. 2005 . Effluent and production impacts of flow through aquaculture operations in West Virginia . Aquacul. Eng. , 33 : 258 – 270 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang , Z. and Xinyuan , Z. 1998 . Treatment and utilization of wastewater in Beijing Zoo by an aquatic macrophytes system . Ecol. Eng. , 11 : 101 – 110 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouzoun , J. R. , Diener , C. J. and Butler , P. L. 1982 . Pilot-scale evaluation of the nutrient film technique for wastewater treatment , Hanover , New Hampshire : US Army Corps of Engineers .
   Google Scholar
• Brix , H. 1997 . Do macrophytes play a role in constructed treatment wetlands? . Water Sci. Technol. , 35 : 11 – 17 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergheim , A. , Sanni , S. , Indrevik , G. and Hoelland , P. 1993 . Sludge removal from salmonid tank effluent using rotating micro sieves . Aquacul. Eng. , 12 : 97 – 109 .
   Google Scholar
• Cripps , S. 1995 . Serial particle size fractionation and characterization of an aquacultural effluent . Aquaculture , 133 : 323 – 339 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franco-Nava , M. A. , Blancheton , J. P. , Deviller , G. , Charrier , A. and Le-Gall , J. Y. 2004 . Effect of fish size and hydraulic regime on particulate organic matter dynamics in a recirculating aquaculture system: elemental carbon and nitrogen approach . Aquaculture , 229 : 179 – 198 .
   Google Scholar
• Bouzoun , J. R. 1982 . Thin film hydroponics for wastewater renovation and reuse , 1 – 18 . Las Vegas , Nevada : ASCE Spring Convention .
   Google Scholar
• Vaillant , N. , Monnet , F. , Sallanon , H. , Coudret , A. and Hitmi , A. 2004 . Use of commercial plant species in a hydroponic system to treat domestic wastewaters . J. Environ. Qual. , 33 : 695 – 702 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauff , R. F. and Wood , C. H. 1996 . Respiratory gas exchange, nitrogenous waste excretion and fuel usage during aerobic swimming in juvenile rainbow trout . J. Comp. Physiol. , B166 : 501 – 509 .
   Google Scholar
• EPA . 2000 . Constructed Wetlands: Treatment of Municipal Wastewaters Available:, [accessed 2008 August 25] http://www. epa. gov/nrmrl/pubs/ 625r 99010/625r 99010.Pdf
   Google Scholar
• Randall , D. J. and Tsui , T. K. N. 2002 . Ammonia toxicity in fish . Mar. Poll. Bull. , 45 : 17 – 23 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghaly , A. E. , Kamal , M. and Mahmoud , N. S. 2005 . Phytoremediation of aquaculture wastewater for water recycling and production of fish feed . Environ. Intl. , 31 : 1 – 13 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poxton , M. G. and Allouse , S. B. 1982 . water quality criteria for marine fisheries . Aquacul. Eng. , 1 : 153 – 191 .
   Google Scholar
• Princic , A. , Mahne , I. , Megusar , F. , Paul , E. A. and Tiedje , J. M. 1998 . Effects of pH and oxygen and ammonium concentrations on the community structure of nitrifying bacteria from wastewater . Appl. Environ. Microbiol , 64 : 3584 – 3590 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jo , J. Y. , Ma , J. S. and Kim , I. B. Comparisons of four commonly used aquatic plants for removing nitrogen nutrients in the intensive bioproduction Korean (IBK) recirculating aquaculture system . Proc. 3rd Intl. Conf. on Recirculating Aquaculture . Roanoke , VA
   Google Scholar
• Lawson , T. B. 1995 . Fundamentals of Aquaculture Engineering , New York : Chapman Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Clarkson , R. and Lane , S. D. 1991 . Use of a small scale nutrient-film hydroponic technique to reduce mineral accumulation in aquarium water . Aquacult. Fish. Manage. , 22 : 37 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Mitsch , W. J. and Gosselink , J. G. 2000 . Wetlands , Toronto : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Hiley , P. D. 1995 . The reality of sewage treatment using wetlands . Water Sci. Technol. , 32 : 329 – 338 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koottatep , T. and Polprasert , C. 1997 . Role of plant uptake on nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands located in the tropics . Water Sci. Technol. , 36 : 1 – 8 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaillant , N. , Monnet , F. , Sallanon , H. , Coudret , A. and Hitmi , A. 2003 . Treatment of domestic wastewater by a hydroponic NFT system . Chemosphere , 50 : 121 – 129 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar