- United Nations Offce on Drugs and Crime, Legislative Guide to the Universal Anti-Terrorism Conventions and Protocols (V.03–85663 (E), 2003).
- Justice and Security HL Bill (2012–13).
- A Horne, 'Justice and Security Bill: Bill No 99 2012–3', House of Commons Library Research Paper 12/80 (2012), www.parliament.uk/briefng-papers/RP12–80.pdf.
- G Williams, 'The Laws that Erode Who We Are', Sydney Morning Herald (Australia, 10 September 2011), www.smh.com.au/opinion/politics/the-laws-that-erode-who-we-are–20110909–1k1kl.html.
- Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act (1900).
- M Rix, 'The Show Must Go On: The Drama of Dr Mohammed Haneef and the Theatre of Counter Terrorism' in N McGarrity, A Lynch and G Williams (eds), Counter-Terrorism and Beyond: The Culture of Law and Justice After 9/11 (Routledge, 2010).
- See eg Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979 (Cth), s 34ZQ(4)(b).
- J Schultz, Not Just Another Business: Journalists, Citizens and the Media (Pluto Press, 1994) 23.
- M Pearson and N Busst, 'Anti-Terror Laws and the Media after 9/11: Three Models in Australia, NZ and the Pacifc' (2006) 12(2) Pacifc Journalism Review 9, 10.
- N McGarrity, 'Fourth Estate or Government Lapdog? The Role of the Australian Media in the Counter-Terrorism Context' (2011) 25(2) Continuum Journal of Media and Cultural Studies 273.
- Rix (n 6).
- Radio National, 'Law Report: Australia's Proposed Anti-Terrorism Laws', Australian Broadcasting Corporation (12 February 2002), www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/lawreport/australias-proposed-anti-terrorism-laws/3504370.
- CJ Nash, 'Freedom of Press in the New Australian Security State' (2005) 28(3) University of New South Wales Law Journal 900, 903.
- Pearson and Busst (n 9) 24.
- J Johnston and M Pearson, 'Australia's Media Climate: Time to Renegotiate Control' (2008) 14(2) Pacifc Journalism Review 72.
- M Pearson and M Polden, The Journalist's Guide to Media Law (Allen and Unwin, 4th edn 2011) 324.
- McGarrity (n 10).
- Ibid, 274.
- Ibid, 280.
- L McNamara, 'Counter-Terrorism Laws: How they Affect Media Freedom and News Reporting' (2009) 6(1) Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture 27.
- Ibid, 31.
- Ibid, 36.
- Ibid, 33.
- Ibid, 36.
- Ibid, 41.
- H Thomas, ‘Pawns in a Political Play’ (2007) 46 The Walkley Magazine 9.
- G Simons and D Strovsky, 'Censorship in Contemporary Russian Journalism in the Age of the War against Terrorism: A Historical Perspective' (2006) 21 European Journal of Communication 189; ZCW Tan, 'Media Publicity and Insurgent Terrorism: A Twenty-Year Balance Sheet' (1988) 42(4) International Communication Gazette 3.
- M Real, Super Media: A Cultural Studies Approach (Sage, 1989) 70.
- G Tomas, How to Do Your Case Study: A Guide for Student and Researchers (Sage, 2011).
- Ibid; see also Real (n 28).
- S Collerton, ‘Ten Years of Anti-Terror Laws’, Australian Broadcasting Corporation (12 September 2011), www.abc.net.au/news/2011–09–12/ten-years-of-anti-terror-laws/2881034.
- Australian Human Rights Commission, A Human Rights Guide to Australia's Counter-Terrorism Laws (2008).
- Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth), s 100.1.
- Ibid, s 101—these offences apply even where a terrorist attack does not occur or where there is no connection to a specifc attack.
- Ibid, s 102.2–102.8.
- Ibid, s 102.1(2).
- Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979 (Cth), s 34ZQ(4)(b).
- Ibid, s 34ZS(1).
- Ibid, s 34ZS(5).
- Ibid, s 34ZS.
- Media, Entertainment and Arts Alliance, Turning Up the Heat: The Decline of Press Freedom in Australia 2001–2005, Inaugural MEAA Report into the State of Press Freedom in Australia from September 11, 2001–2005 (2005) 5.
- Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979 (Cth), Division 104.
- Ibid, s 80.2.
- Crimes Act 1914 (Cth), ss 3UD—3UA and 3UK: these provisions are the defnitions and sunset provisions for the Crimes Act Division 3A: Police powers in relation to terrorist attacks.
- Ibid, s 23 C.
- Ibid, s 15 AA.
- National Security Information (Criminal and Civil Proceedings Act) 2004 (Cth), s 19.
- R v Lodhi (2006) 199 FLR 303.
- D King, 'Terror Plotter Gets 20 Years', The Australian (24 August 2006), 1.
- Pearson and Polden (n 16) 328–9.
- J Ewart, Haneef: A Question of Character (Halstead Press, 2009) 31.
- Anonymous, ‘Mohammed Haneef Case’, Law Council of Australia (2008), www.lawcouncil.asn.au/programs/criminal-law-human-rights/anti-terror/haneef.cfm.
- Ewart (n 51) 50.
- Crimes Act 1914 (Cth), s 23 C.
- T Allard and C Marriner, 'Doctor's Email: I Have to Get Out', Sydney Morning Herald (14 July 2007), www.smh.com.au/news/national/doctors-email-i-have-to-get-out/2007/07/13/1183833776803.html.
- J Pearlman, ‘Terrorism Law Revamp Dumps Haneef Charge’, Sydney Morning Herald (14 August 2009), www.smh.com.au/national/terrorism-law-revamp-dumps-haneef-charge-20090813-ejyi.html.
- Ewart (n 51) 54.
- P Coorey and J Gibson, ‘Haneef Detained after Bail Win’, Sydney Morning Herald (16 July 2007), www.smh.com.au/news/national/haneef-free-on-10000-bail/2007/07/16/1184438190629.html?page=fullpage.
- MJ Clarke, Report of the Inquiry into the Case of Dr Mohammed Haneef (Commonwealth of Australia, 2008) 81, 101. While the inquiry found that, generally, the case had been poorly managed, it found that the offcers themselves were 'almost without exception, dedicated, competent and impressive', at viii.
- Australian Associated Press, 'Haneef Awarded $1m, India Reports Say', The Australian (22 December 2010), www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/haneef-awarded-1m-india-reports-say/story-e6frg6nf-1225974873281.
- T Dreher, ‘News Media Responsibilities’ in A Lynch, E MacDonald and G Williams (eds), Reporting on Terrorism in Law and Liberty in the War on Terror (Federation Press, 2007) 211.
- M Rix, 'Counter-Terrorism and Information: The NSI Act, Fair Trials and Open, Accountable Government' (2011) 25(2) Continuum: Journal of Media and Cultural Studies 285.
- P Beattie, 'Sordid Saga of the Terrorist Who Wasn't', The Australian (1 January 2011), www.theaustralian.com.au/news/opinion/sordid-saga-of-the-terrorist-who-wasnt/story-e6frg6zo-1225979113373.
- T Eastley, 'AM: Leaked Haneef Transcript Could Affect Court: Keelty', Australian Broadcasting Corporation (18 July 2007), www.abc.net.au/am/content/2007/s1981358.htm.
- M Rix, 'The Case of Dr Mohammed Haneef; An Australian “Terrorism Drama” with British Connections' (2009) 2 Plymouth Law Review 126, 133.
- J Briton, 'Media Statement: Complaints against Stephen Keim SC', Legal Services Commission (1 February 2008), www.lsc.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_fle/0004/106348/stephen-keim-response.pdf.
- Ibid.
- Rix (n 65) 134.
- S Neighbour, ‘Police Chief on the Back Foot’, The Australian (4 August 2007), www.theaustralian.com.au/news/features/police-chief-on-the-back-foot/story-e6frg6z6–1111114104543.
- Ewart (n 51) 7.
- S Keim, 'Reversing the Onus and Raising the Bar: Being Alert and Alarmed when Acting for those Accused of Terrorism Offences', National Access to Justice and Pro Bono Conference, Sydney, 14–15 November 2008, 6–7.
- Ibid.
- Ibid; L McNamara, 'Counter-Terrorism Laws: How they Affect Media Freedom and News Reporting' (2009) 6(1) Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture 27.
- M Keelty, 'Terrorism: Policing's New Paradigm', Sydney Institute (29 January 2008), www.afp.gov.au/media/national_media/national_speeches/2008/address_to_the_sydney_institutez.
- Rix (n 62); Ewart (n 51) 65; J Ewart, ‘Dr Haneef and the Media’ in H Rane, J Ewart and M Abdalla (eds), Islam and the Australian News Media (Melbourne University Press, 2010) 212; Thomas (n 26).
- Anonymous, ‘Terrorism Court Cases’, Parliament of Australia, www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/Browse_by_Topic/TerrorismLaw/Courtcases; V Burrow, 'Thomas: Warrant Served on Age Man', The Age (4 September 2006), 5.
- N Leys, '”Jihad” Jack Thomas Welcomes Bin Laden Death but Warns of Martyrdom', Herald Sun (2 May 2011), www.heraldsun.com.au/news/jihad-jack-welcomes-bin-laden-death/story-e6frf7jo-1226048407755.
- R v Thomas (No 3) 2006 VSCA 300 (20 December 2006).
- Burrow (n 76).
- Anonymous, ‘Directory of Anti-Terrorism Legislation and Links’, Parliament of Australia, www.aph.gov.au/library/intguide/law/terrorism.htm.
- Thomas v Mowbray (2007) 233 CLR 307.
- R v Thomas [2008] VSC 620 (29 October 2008).
- R v Thomas(No 3) 2006 VSCA 300 (20 December 2006), [13].
- Ibid, [18].
- Ibid.
- A Caldwell, 'Terror Cells in Sydney and Melbourne Connected', ABC: PM with Mark Colvin (20 September 2011), www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2011/s3321962.htm.
- K Kissane, 'Tip-Off Led to Intense 16-Month Investigation', The Age (17 September 2008), www.theage.com.au/national/tipoff-led-to-intense-16month-investigation-20080916–4hxp.html?page=-1.
- Australian Broadcasting Corporation, ABC News and Current Affairs—Accuracy and Impartiality—Fact Sheet (2005).
- K Kissane, ‘Trial and Error’, The Age (18 September 2008), www.theage.com.au/national/trial-and-error-20080917–4imf.html.
- Australia's Right to Know, Report of the Review of Suppression Orders and the Media's Access to Court Documents and Information (2008), 75.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Caldwell (n 86).
- Australia's Right to Know (n 90) 75.
- Ibid, 81.
- C Stewart and M Rout, 'Somali Extremists on a “Fatwa Order” from God', The Australian (5 August 2009), 1.
- N Ross, 'Judge Berates Terrorists who were Given Refuge in Australia', Herald Sun (17 December 2011).
- M Simons, 'Crikey Wins Right to Publish “Embarrassing” Docs on The Oz Editor', Crikey (2 November 2011), www.crikey.com.au/2011/11/02/simon-artz-case-the-gut-wrenching-raids-leak-to-the-oz.
- Mediawatch, ‘The Australian v Victoria Police’, Australian Broadcasting Corporation (22 March 2010), www.abc.net.au/mediawatch/transcripts/s2853028.htm.
- B Kontominas, ‘Journalists Guilty of Photographing Army Base’, Sydney Morning Herald (25 September 2009), www.smh.com.au/national/journalists-guilty-of-photographing-army-base-20090925-g5rv.html.
- M Simons, 'The Oz editor Bargained over Lives in AFP Raid', Crikey (2 November 2011), www.crikey.com.au/2011/11/02/artz-affdavit-the-oz-editor-bargained-over-lives-in-afp-raid.
- Director of Public Prosecutions v Simon Justin Artz [2013] VCC 56.
- Simons (n 101).
- Ibid.
- Editorial, ‘Scoop Handled Ethically Despite Hollow Criticisms’, The Australian (18 December 2012), www.theaustralian.com.au/opinion/editorials/scoop-handled-ethically-despite-hollow-criticisms/story-e6frg71x-1226538657425.
- M Simons, 'Simons: To Tweet or Not To Tweet from Court', Crikey (4 November 2011), www.crikey.com.au/2011/11/04/simons-to-tweet-or-not-to-tweet-from-court.
- C Warren, 'You Wouldn't Read about It: Press Freedom is Never a Given Gift From Government' (2009) 56 Walkley Magazine 29; Australian Broadcasting Corporation, ABC News and Current Affairs—Accuracy and Impartiality—Fact Sheet (2005); Australia's Right to Know, Report of the Independent Audit into the State of Free Speech in Australia (2007); Jack Herman, 'Freedom of the Press under Threat?' (2005) 57 University of New South Wales Law Journal 909; Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance, Offcial Spin: Censorship and Control of the Australian Press (2007).
- Ewart (n 51) 200–14.
- Keelty (n 74).
- Australian Government, Counter-Terrorism White Paper: Securing Australia, Protecting Our Community (White Paper, 2010) 7.
- Ibid, 9.
- D Bossio, 'A War about Meaning: A Case Study of Media Contestation of the Australian Anti-Terror Laws' (2011) 25(2) Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies 261.
- Media, Entertainment and Arts Alliance: Secrecy and Red Tape (2009); Breaking the Shackles: The Continuing Fight against Censorship and Spin (2008); Offcial Spin: Censorship and Control of the Australian Press 2007 (2007); The Media Muzzled: Australia's 2006 Press Freedom Report (2006); Turning Up the Heat: The Decline of Press Freedom in Australia 2001–2005 (2005).
- Media, Entertainment and Arts Alliance, Turning Up the Heat: The Decline of Press Freedom in Australia 2001–2005 (2005).
- Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979 (Cth), s 34ZS(2).
- Ibid.
- Ibid, s 34ZS(4).
- Media, Entertainment and Arts Alliance, The Media Muzzled: Australia's 2006 Press Freedom Report (2006), 9.
- Ibid.
- Warren (n 107) 30.
- Explanatory notes to the Access to Justice (Federal Jurisdiction) Amendment Bill 2011, 3.
- Parliament of Australia: Access to Justice (Federal Jurisdiction) Amendment Bill 2011.
- Ibid, s 102PD; Model Court Suppression and Non-Publication Orders Bill 2010 (NSW).
- Philip Dorling, '”Chilling” Bid by Government to Control the Media Rejected', Sydney Morning Herald (20 October 2011), www.smh.com.au/national/chilling-bid-by-government-to-control-the-media-rejected-20111019–1m7wq.html.
- Media, Entertainment and Arts Alliance, Kicking at the Cornerstone of Democracy (2012), 51.
- Ibid, 50–51.
- Ibid.
- B Keane, 'Ghosts of COAG—The Counter-Terrorism Review that Vanished', Crikey (16 April 2012), www.crikey.com.au/2012/04/16/coag-counter-terrorism-review-delayed.
- Council of Australian Governments, ‘Council of Australian Governments’ Meeting 10 February 2006: Attachment G—Details and Process for Council of Australian Governments', COAG Review of Counter-Terrorism Legislation (2006).
- Ibid, 1.
- Ibid, 2.
- Council of Australian Governments, 'Council of Australian Governments Review of Counter-Terrorism Legislation: Terms of Reference' (2012), 3, www.coagctreview.gov.au/about/Documents/Terms%20of%20Reference.pdf.
- Ibid.
- B Walker, Independent National Security Legislation Monitor Annual Report, Annual INSLM Report (16 December 2011), www.dpmc.gov.au/inslm/docs/INSLM_Annual_Report_20111216.pdf.
- Anonymous, ‘Independent National Security Monitor’, Law Council of Australia, www.lawcouncil.asn.au/programs/criminal-law-human-rights/anti-terror/legislation-monitor.cfm.
- Ibid.
- See, for example, the Terrorism (Community Protection) Amendment Bill 2011 (Vic).
- Walker (n 134) 1–2.
- Ibid, 2.
- Ibid, 32.
- K Jones, ‘Journalists Avoid Jail’, Herald Sun (26 June 2007), www.heraldsun.com.au/news/more-news/journalists-avoid-jail/story-e6frf7kx-1111113819422.
- Ibid.
- Ibid, 62.
- Ibid, 63.
- Ibid, 12.
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights, GA res 217A (III), UN Doc A/810 at 71 (1948), Art 9.
- Ibid, Art 12; International Convention on Civil and Political Rights, 23 March 1976, 999 UNTS 171, Art 17.
- International Convention on Civil and Political Rights, Art 9.1.
- Ibid, Art 22.
- Ibid, Art 26.
- Ibid, Art 10 and also Art 14.
- Ibid, Art 19.
- A Barak, 'A Judge on Judging: The Role of a Supreme Court in a Democracy' (2002) 116(16) Harvard Law Review 151, 152.
- Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT) Act 2001.
- M Calderone, ‘”Reporters’ Privilege” under Fire from Obama Administration amid Broader War on Leaks', Huffngton Post (10 May 2012),
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- B Keane, 'Barack Obama's Remorseless Assault on Basic Rights', Crikey (21 May 2012), www.crikey.com.au/2012/05/21/barack-obamas-remorseless-assault-on-basic-rights.
- Ibid.
- D Kuipers, 'Federal Judge Blocks National Defense Authorisation Act Provision', Los Angeles Times (18 May 2012).
- Justice and Security HL Bill (2012–13).
- A Horne, Justice and Security Bill: Bill No 99 2012–13 Research Paper 12/80 (HC 14 December 2012), 1.
- J Chapman and M Robinson, 'Climbdown on Secret Justice: Victory for the Mail's Campaign as Clarke Says Inquests Won't be Held behind Closed Doors but Civil Rights Groups Say Changes Still Fall Short', Daily Mail (28 May 2012), www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article–2151343/Secret-justice-Kenneth-Clarke-says-inquests-wont-held-closed-doors.html#ixzz1wz7yRxeg.
- Justice and Security HL Bill (2012–13), s 6(1).
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- B Keane, 'Barack Obama's Remorseless Assault on Basic Rights', Crikey (21 May 2012), www.crikey.com.au/2012/05/21/barack-obamas-remorseless-assault-on-basic-rights.
- Ibid.
- D Kuipers, 'Federal Judge Blocks National Defense Authorisation Act Provision', Los Angeles Times (18 May 2012).
- Justice and Security HL Bill (2012–13).
- A Horne, Justice and Security Bill: Bill No 99 2012–13 Research Paper 12/80 (HC 14 December 2012), 1.
- J Chapman and M Robinson, 'Climbdown on Secret Justice: Victory for the Mail's Campaign as Clarke Says Inquests Won't be Held behind Closed Doors but Civil Rights Groups Say Changes Still Fall Short', Daily Mail (28 May 2012), www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article–2151343/Secret-justice-Kenneth-Clarke-says-inquests-wont-held-closed-doors.html#ixzz1wz7yRxeg.
- Justice and Security HL Bill (2012–13), s 6(1).
- Ibid, s 6(2).
- Anonymous, 'Justice and Security: Inquests are Gone, But So is Judicial Discretion' (29 May 2012), www.liberty-human-rights.org.uk/media/press/2012/-justice-and-security-inquests-are-gone-but-so-is-judici.php.
- House of Lords and House of Commons Joint Committee on Human Rights, ‘Justice and Security Green Paper’ (HL 2010–12, 286; HC 2010–12, 1777) 55–62.
- Ibid, 55.
- Ibid, 58.
- Ibid, 58.
- Ibid, 59.
- Ibid, 61.
- D Glass, 'IPCC Independent Investigations into Complaints Made Following the Forest Gate Counter-Terrorist Operation on 2 June 2006', Independent Police Complaints Commission (February 2007), 7–8, http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100908152737/www.ipcc.gov.uk/forest_gate_2_3report.pdf.
- Ibid.
- Kruger v Commonwealth (1997) 190 CLR 61 (Dawson J).
- Lange v Australian Broadcasting Corporation (1997) 189 CLR 520.
- Ibid, 562.
- B Golder and G Williams, ‘Balancing National Security and Human Rights: Assessing the Legal Response of Common Law Nations to the Threat of Terrorism' (2006) 8(1) Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis 43, 58.
- Cunliffe v Commonwealth [1994] HCA 44, [30] (Brennan J).
- Australian Law Reform Commission, For Your Information: Australian Privacy Law and Practice, ALRC Report 108 (2010), para 41.16, citing Theophanous v Herald & Weekly Times Ltd (1994) 182 CLR 104, 168; Lange v Australian Broadcasting Corporation (1997) 189 CLR 520, 561.
- Nationwide News v Wills (1992) 177 CLR 1.
- Ibid, 47–49.
- Lange v Australian Broadcasting Corporation (1997) 189 CLR 520.
- P Keyzer, Principles of Australian Constitutional Law (LexisNexis Butterworths, 3rd edn 2010).
- Lange v Australian Broadcasting Corporation (1997) 189 CLR 520.
- See eg Coleman v Power (2004) 220 CLR 1, where legislation purporting to outlaw obscene words, while held to be valid, was read down as not extending to cover the conduct with which the appellant was charged.
- See, for example, the Spam Act (2003) (Cth), s 44.
- For instance, in Levy v Victoria (1997) 189 CLR 579, laws burdening political communication in relation to animal activism were held reasonably appropriate and adapted by prohibiting access to hunting grounds without a licence. McHugh J accepted that the regulations were justifable due to the risk to ‘life and limb’.
- G Carne, ‘Hasten Slowly: Urgency, Discretion and Review—A Counter-Terrorism Legislative Agenda and Legacy' (2008) 13(2) Deakin Law Review 49.
- Ibid; Anonymous, 'COAG Review of Counter-Terrorism Legislation: Make a Submission', www.coagctreview.gov.au/submissions/Pages/default.aspx.
- K Gelber, Speech Matters: Getting Free Speech Right (University of Queensland Press, 2011).
- Caldwell (n 86); Australia's Right to Know, Report of the Independent Audit into the State of Free Speech in Australia (2007), 75.
- R v Thomas (No 3) 2006 VSCA 300 (20 December 2006).
- Walker (n 134).
- Ibid.
Anti-Terror Laws and the News Media in Australia Since 2001: How Free Expression and National Security Compete in a Liberal Democracy
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