- S Anderson and J Gabszewicz, 'The Media and Advertising: A Tale of Two-Sided Markets' in VA Ginsburgh and D Throsby, Handbook of the Economics of Art and Culture (Elsevier, 2006) 567, 571, 586.
- D Evans, ‘The Real Explanation for Googles Success’ (24 May 2004), www.ideasinactiontv.com.
- Anderson and Gabszewicz (n 1) 567, 570–1.
- Google Investor Relations, '2012 Financial Tables', http://investor.google.com/fnancial/tables.html.
- FTC, Statement of the FTC concerning Google/Double-Click, FTC-071–0170, p 7; Autorité de la Concurrence, Avis No 10-A-29 sur le fonctionnement concurrentiel de la publicité en ligne, paras 141–5.
- See F Schräpler, 'Google Universal Search—das Ende der Top-10' (5 May 2009), http://seo-marketing-blog.de.
- European Commission, 'Commission Seeks Feedback on Commitments Offered by Google to Address Competition Concerns—Questions and Answers', MEMO/13/383, 25 April 2013, p 2: 'Indeed, if users know that Google's specialised search services contain all the relevant information that is posted on the web, their incentives to visit other sites which contain only a part of that information will be signifcantly reduced, even if these were the sites from which that information originates.'
- Ibid, 2.
- http://googleblog.blogspot.co.uk/2012/08/building-search-engine-of-future-one.html.
- This is the outcome of several studies: see M Gaulke, Suchmaschinenkompetenz (Search engine expertise) (Grin, 2008) 92.
- S Howe, '18 Domain and URL Best Practices for SEO' (29 August 2009), www.shayhowe.com/seo/how-domains-relate-to-seo; S Spencer, 'A Deeper Look at Robots.txt' (16 April 2009), http://searchengineland.com/a-deeper-look-at-robotstxt-17573: 'a high ranking is pretty unlikely since Google can't “see” the page content.'
- Webconfs, 'List of Best and Worst Practices for Designing a High Traffc Website', www.webconfs.com/15-minute-seo.php.
- WebSeo Analytics, 'The robots.txt, META-robots & rel=nofollow and their Impact on SEO', www.webseoanalytics.com/blog/robotstxt-metarobots-relnofollow-the-impact-on-seo.
- See R Pedreira, ‘Protocolo ANJ—”Uma Linha no Google News”’ (October 2012), www.anj.org.br.
- Google Webmaster Tools, www.google.com/support/webmasters/bin/answer.py?hl=de&answer=40349 (in German).
- Court of Brussels, 9th chamber, Cause List No 2007/AR/1730, 5 May 2011, para 28—Copiepresse (offcial translation).
- Ibid, para 51 (offcial translation).
- Ibid, para 28 (offcial translation).
- Directive on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society, OJ L167/10.
- Copiepresse (n 16) para 27.
- Ibid, para 60 (offcial translation).
- Ibid, para 48 (offcial translation).
- Bundesgerichtshof, I ZR 69/08, 29 April 2010, 56 Wettbewerb in Recht und Praxis (2010), 916— Vorschaubilder I.
- Bundesgerichtshof, I ZR 140/10, 19 October 2011, 58 Wettbewerb in Recht und Praxis (2012), 721— Vorschaubilder II.
- Vorschaubilder I (n 23) 920.
- M Leistner, 'The German Federal Supreme Court's Judgment on Google's Image Search' (2011) 42 International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law 417, 434; S Hüttner, '1,2,3,4 Eckstein, keiner muss versteckt sein?' (2010) 56 Wettbewerb in Recht und Praxis 1008, 1013; A Conrad, 'Anmerkung zum Urteil des BGH vom 29.04.2010—Vorschaubilder' (2010) 54 Zeischrift für Urheber- und Medienrecht 585–6; B Clark, ‘Google Image Search Still Does Not Infringe Copyright, Reaffrms Bundesgerichtshof' (2011) 7 Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 788–9.
- See S Enache, ‘Google Images’ New Layout—How this Impacts Photographers and Webmasters', www.cepic.org/news/blog, 25 March 2013.
- Translation by the author.
- See A Kühne, 'Das entschärfte Leistungsschutzrecht für Presseverleger. Warum Snippets “kleinste Textaus-schnitte” sind' (2013) 29 Computer und Recht 169.
- See D Melvin, 'Google Blocking US on Searches, Belgian Newspapers Claim' (15 July 2011), www.huffngtonpost.com.
- See K Domadjian, 'Google Threatens to Drop Links to French Media' (18 October 2012), www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article.
- G Wiesmann, ‘Google Warns on German Copyright Bill’ (4 November 2012), www.ft.com.
- European Commission (n 7) 4.
- See Anderson and Gabszewicz (n 1) 579–80.
- Case COMP/39.740—Foundem & Others v Google.
- European Commission (n 7) 1; J Almunia, SPEECH/12/372 on the Google antitrust investigation (21 June 2012), http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEECH–12–372_en.htm.
- Ibid.
- AGCM, Case A420, FIEG—Federazione Italiana Editori Giornali/Google, 22 December 2010, Bulletin Nr 51/2010.
- FTC, Statement of the FTC Regarding Google's Search Practices, In the Matter of Google Inc, FTC-111–0163, footnote 3, 3 January 2013.
- Google concessions as of 27 December 2012, RE: Google Inc, File No 111–0163.
- Google, Commitments in Case COMP/C–3/39.740—Foundem and others (3 April 2013), http://ec.europa.eu/competition/index_en.html.
Google: Friend or Foe of Ad-Financed Content Providers?
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