Still the Natural Government Party? Challenges and Opportunities for Golkar Ahead of the 2014 Election

References

• Antara News (2010), ‘Golkar Klaim Menang 43 Persen Seluruh Pilkada’ [Golkar claims 43 per cent victory in the overall local elections], 7 July.
   Google Scholar
• AspinallE. (2005), ‘Elections and the normalization of politics in Indonesia’, South East Asia Research, Vol 13, No 2, pp 117–156.
   Google Scholar
• AspinallE. MietznerM., eds (2010), Problems of Democratisation in Indonesia, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore.
   Google Scholar
• BakrieA. (2009), ‘Golkar must become the party of ideas’, speech on the anniversary of the Golkar Party, Jakarta, 20 October, website: http://icalbakrie.com/?p=453 (accessed 22 May 2011).
   Google Scholar
• BuehlerM. (2011), ‘Whodunit? Politicians affiliated with secular parties implement most sharia regulations’, Tempo: Special Edition: 10 Years of Sharia, 6 September, pp 58–59.
   Google Scholar
• CrouchH. (1999), ‘Wiranto and Habibie: Military–civilian relations since May 1998’, in BudimanA. HatleyB. KingsburyD., eds, Reformasi: Crisis and Change in Indonesia, Monash Asia Institute, Clayton, pp 127–148.
   Google Scholar
• detiknews (2011), ‘Golkar: Tahun 2011 Gaet 10 Juta Kader, 2014 Menang Pemilu’, 29 April.
   Google Scholar
• GolkarDPP Partai (2004), Platform Perjuangan Partai Golongan Karya: Bersatu untuk Maju, 29 February.
   Google Scholar
• ErbM. SulistiyantoP., eds (2009), Deepening Democracy in Indonesia? Direct Elections for Local Leaders (Pilkada), Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore.
   Google Scholar
• FahmiR. (2010), ‘Bendera Demokrat “Kuasai” Kantor Golkar Malut’, okezone.com, 15 February.
   Google Scholar
• FeithH. (1962), The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.
   Google Scholar
• HarisS. (2004), ‘General elections under the New Order’, in AntlovH. CederrothS., eds, Elections in Indonesia: The New Order and Beyond, RoutledgeCurzon, New York, pp 18–37.
   Google Scholar
• HarjantoN. (2010), ‘Political party survival: The Golongan Karya and electoral politics in Indonesia, 1999–2009’, PhD thesis, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL.
   Google Scholar
• HellmannO. (2011), Political Parties and Electoral Strategy: The Development of Party Organization in East Asia, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke.
   Google Scholar
• Jakarta Globe (2010), ‘Golkar seals Banyuwangi election by jumping ship’, 16 July.
   Google Scholar
• Jakarta Post (2011), ‘Soeharto beats SBY in popularity poll’, 16 May.
   Google Scholar
• Jawa Pos (2010), ‘Golkar Revisi Juklak Pilkada’, 12 January.
   Google Scholar
• TanJohnson P. (2013), ‘Anti-party attitudes in Southeast Asia’, in TomsaD. UfenA., eds, Party Politics in Southeast Asia: Clientelism and Electoral Competition in Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines, Routledge, London and New York, pp 80–100.
   Google Scholar
• JonesM.P. MainwaringS. (2003), ‘The nationalization of parties and party systems: An empirical measure and an application to the Americas’, Party Politics, Vol 9, No 2, pp 139–166.
   Google Scholar
• KingD.Y. (2003), Half-Hearted Reform: Electoral Institutions and the Struggle for Democracy in Indonesia, Praeger, Westport, CT, and London.
   Google Scholar
• KitscheltH. (2000), ‘Linkages between citizens and politicians in democratic polities’, Comparative Political Studies, Vol 33, Nos 6–7, pp 845–879.
   Google Scholar
• Kompas.com (2011), ‘Sultan Bantah Nasdem Jadi Parpol’, 26 April.
   Google Scholar
• Lembaga Survei Indonesia – LSI (2011), Pemilih Mengambang dan Prospek Perubahan Kekuatan Partai Politik, LSI, Jakarta.
   Google Scholar
• Lembaga Survei Indonesia (2012a), Mencari Calon Presiden 2014, LSI, Jakarta.
   Google Scholar
• Lembaga Survei Indonesia (2012b), Media Massa dan Sentimen terhadap Partai Politik Menjelang Pemilu 2014, LSI, Jakarta.
   Google Scholar
• LiddleR.W. MujaniS. (2007), ‘Leadership, party, and religion: Explaining voting behavior in Indonesia’, Comparative Political Studies, Vol 40, No 7, pp 832–857.
   Google Scholar
• MietznerM. (2008), ‘Comparing Indonesia's party systems in the 1950s and the post-Soeharto era: Centrifugal versus centripetal inter-party competition’, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol 39, No 3, pp 431–453.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MietznerM. (2009a), ‘Political opinion polling in post-authoritarian Indonesia: Catalyst or obstacle to democratic consolidation?’ Bijdragen tot the Taal-, Land, en Volkenkunde, Vol 165, No 2, pp 95–126.
   Google Scholar
• MietznerM. (2009b), Indonesia's 2009 Elections: Populism, Dynasties and the Consolidation of the Party System, Lowy Institute for International Policy, Sydney.
   Google Scholar
• MietznerM. (2011), ‘Indonesia's democratic stagnation: Anti-reformist elites and resilient civil society’, Democratization, Vol 19, No 2, pp 209–229.
   Google Scholar
• MujaniS. LiddleR.W. (2010), ‘Voters and the new Indonesian democracy’, in AspinallE. MietznerM., eds, Problems of Democratisation in Indonesia, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, pp 75–99.
   Google Scholar
• QodariM. (2010), ‘The professionalisation of politics: The growing role of polling organisations and political consultants’, in AspinallE. MietznerM., eds, Problems of Democratisation in Indonesia, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, pp 122–140.
   Google Scholar
• RachmanA. (2011), ‘Rp 50m paycheck for DPR members’, Jakarta Globe, 13 May.
   Google Scholar
• RandallV. SvåsandL. (2002), ‘Party institutionalization in new democracies’, Party Politics, Vol 8, No 1, pp 5–29.
   Google Scholar
• Republika (2010), ‘Golkar Sambut Baik Usulan Gubernur Dipilih DPRD’, 11 December.
   Google Scholar
• SherlockS. (2010), ‘The parliament in Indonesia's decade of democracy: People's forum or chamber of cronies?’ in AspinallE. MietznerM., eds, Problems of Democratisation in Indonesia, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, pp 160–178.
   Google Scholar
• SiahaanA. (2010), ‘Jury still out on Aburizal's new role’, Jakarta Globe, 10 May.
   Google Scholar
• SihalohoM.J. (2010), ‘Politicians on election bodies would “prevent” abuses’, Jakarta Globe, 17 November.
   Google Scholar
• KaryaSuara (2010), ‘Partai Golkar Targetkan 50 Persen Kemenangan’, 16 January.
   Google Scholar
• SukmaR. (2009), ‘Indonesian politics in 2009: Defective elections, resilient democracy’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, Vol 45, No 3, pp 317–336.
   Google Scholar
• Tempo Interaktif (2010), ‘Ical: Pencalonan Presiden Tunggu Survei’, 18 October.
   Google Scholar
• KompasTim Litbang (2010), Wajah DPR dan DPD 2009–2014, PT Kompas Media Nusantara, Jakarta.
   Google Scholar
• TomsaD. (2006), ‘The defeat of centralized paternalism: Factionalism, assertive regional cadres, and the long fall of Golkar Chairman Akbar Tandjung’, Indonesia, Vol 81 (April), pp 1–22.
   Google Scholar
• TomsaD. (2008), Party Politics and Democratization in Indonesia: Golkar in the Post-Suharto Era, Routledge, London and New York.
   Google Scholar
• TomsaD. (2010a), ‘The Indonesian party system after the 2009 elections: Towards stability?’ in AspinallE. MietznerM., eds, Problems of Democratisation in Indonesia, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, pp 141–159.
   Google Scholar
• TomsaD. (2010b), ‘Indonesian politics in 2010: The perils of stagnation’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, Vol 46, No 3, pp 309–328.
   Google Scholar
• TomsaD. (2012), ‘Moderating Islamism in Indonesia: Tracing patterns of party change in the Prosperous Justice Party’, Political Research Quarterly, Vol 65, No 3, pp 486–498.
   Google Scholar
• UfenA. (2008), ‘From aliran to dealignment: Political parties in post-Suharto Indonesia’, South East Asia Research, Vol 16, No 1, pp 5–41.
   Google Scholar
• UfenA. (2010), ‘Electoral campaigning in Indonesia: The professionalization and commercialization after 1998’, Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, Vol 29, No 4, pp 11–37.
   Google Scholar
• UnjiantoB. (2010), ‘Ical Perdana Menteri Koalisi’, Suara Merdeka, 12 May.
   Google Scholar
• Van KlinkenG. (2007), Small Town Wars: Communal Violence and Democratization in Indonesia, Routledge, London and New York.
   Google Scholar
• Van ZorgeJ. (2009), ‘Now showing in the Indonesian house: Darth Vader, Oz and the Technocrats’, Jakarta Globe, 22 December.
   Google Scholar
• Vivanews (2011), ‘Dua Pertanyaan untuk Survei Indo Barometer’, 17 May.
   Google Scholar
• WardK. (1974), The 1971 Election in Indonesia: An East Java Case Study, Monash Papers on Southeast Asia No 2, Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University, Clayton.
   Google Scholar
• WebbP. WhiteS. (2007), ‘Conceptualizing the institutionalization and performance of political parties in new democracies’, in WebbP. WhiteS., eds, Party Politics in New Democracies, Oxford University Press, New York, pp 1–19.
   Google Scholar