Pregnancy-Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Clinical Features, Comorbidity, and Associated Factors

References

• Cho MJ, Kim JK, Jeon HJ, Suh T, Chung IW, Hong JP, et al. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-IV psychiatric disorders among Korean adults. J Nerv Ment Dis 2007; 195(3): 203–10. [CrossRef]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vicente B, Kohn R, Rioseco P, Saldivia S, Levav I, Torres S. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R disorders in the Chile psychiatric prevalence study. Am J Psychiatry 2006; 163(8): 1362–70. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weissman MM, Bland RC, Canino GJ, Greenwald S, Hwu HG, Lee CK, et al. The cross national epidemiology of obsessive compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1994; 55(Suppl): S5–S10.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cilli AS, Telcioglu M, Askin R, Kaya N, Bodur S, Kucur R. Twelve-month prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder in Konya, Turkey. Compr Psychiatry 2004; 45(5): 367–74. [CrossRef]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labad J, Menchon JM, Alonso P, Segalas C, Jimenes S, Jaurrieta N, et al. Gender differences in obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions. Depress Anxiety 2008; 25(10): 832–8. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torresan RC, Ramos-Cerqueira AT, de Mathis MA, Diniz JB, Ferrão YA, Miguel EC, Torres AR. Sex differences in the phenotypic expression of obsessive-compulsive disorder: an exploratory study from Brazil. Compr Psychiatry 2009; 50(1): 63–9. [CrossRef]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maina G, Albert U, Bogetto F, Vaschetto P, Ravizza L. Recent life events and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): the role of pregnancy delivery. Psychiatry Research 1999; 89(1): 49–58. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uguz F, Akman C, Kaya N, Cilli AS. Postpartum-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder: incidence, clinical features, and related factors. J Clin Psychiatry 2007; 68(1): 132–8. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaudron LH, Nirodi N. The obsessive-compulsive spectrum in the perinatal period: a prospective pilot study. Arch Womens Ment Health 2010; 13(5): 403–10. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labad J, Alonso P, Segalas C, Reval E, Jimenez S, Bueno B, et al. Distinct correlates of hoarding and cleaning symptom dimensions in relation to onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder at menarche or perinatal period. Arch Womens Ment Health 2010; 13(1): 75–81. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson L, Sundström-Poromaa I, Wulff M, Åström M, Bixo M. Depression and anxiety during pregnancy and six months postpartum: a follow-up study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2006; 85(8): 937–44. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adewuya AO, Ola BA, Aloba OO, Mapayi BM. Anxiety disorders among Nigerian women in late pregnancy: a controlled study. Arch Womens Ment Health 2006; 9(6): 325–8. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felice E, Saliba J, Grech V, Cox J, Calleja N. Antenatal psychiatric morbidity in Maltase women. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2007; 29(6): 501–5. [CrossRef]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borri C, Mauri M, Oppo A, Banti S, Rambelli C, Ramacciotti D, et al. Axis I psychopathology and functional impairment at the third month of pregnancy: Results from the Perinatal Depression-Research and Screening Unit (PND-ReScU) study. J Clin Psychiatry 2008; 69(10): 1617–24. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutter-Dallay AL, Giaconne-Marcesche V, Glatigny-Dallay E, Verdeoux H. Women with anxiety disorders during pregnancy are at increased risk of intense postnatal depressive symptoms: a prospective survey of the MATQUID cohort. Eur Psychiatry 2004; 19(8): 459–63. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wenzel A, Haugen EN, Jackson LC, Brendle JR. Anxiety symptoms and disorders at eight weeks postpartum. J Anxiety Disord 2005; 19(3): 295–311. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wenzel A, Gorman LL, O'Hara MW, Stuart S. The occurrence of panic and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in women with postpartum dysphoria: a prospective study. Arch Womens Ment Health 2001; 4(1): 5–12. [CrossRef]
   Google Scholar
• Zambaldi CF, Cantilino A, Montenegro AC, Paes JA, de Albuquerque TL, Sougey EB. Postpartum obsessive-compulsive disorder: prevalence and clinical characteristics. Compr Psychiatry 2009; 50(6): 503–9. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrade L, Walters EE, Gentil V, Laurenti R. Prevalence of ICD-10 mental disorders in a catchment area in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2002; 37(7): 316–25. [CrossRef]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vicente B, Kohn R, Rioseco P, Saldivia S, Baker C, Torres S. Population prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Chile: 6-month and 1-month rates. Br J Psychiatry 2004; 184(4): 299–305. [CrossRef]
   Google Scholar
• Navarro P, Garcia-Esteve L, Ascaso C, Aguado J, Gelabert E, Martin-Santos R. Non-psychotic psychiatric disorders after childbirth: prevalence and comorbidity in a community sample. J Affect Disord 2008; 109(1–2): 171–6. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV. 4th ed. Washington(DC): American Psychiatric Press: 1994.
   Google Scholar
• First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JBW. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Clinical Version (SCID-I/CV). Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Press; 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Gibbon M, First M. Manual for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Press; 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Ozkurkcugil A, Aydemir O, Yildiz M, Danaci E, Koroglu E. Adaptation and reliability study of structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders. İlaç ve Tedavi Dergisi 1999; 12(4): 233–6. (Turkish)
   Google Scholar
• Sorias S, Saygılı R, Elbi H, Vahip S, Mete L, Nifirne Z. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders, Turkish version. Izmir: Ege Universitesi Basimevi; 1990. (Turkish)
   Google Scholar
• Goodman WK, Price LH, Rasmussen SA, Mazure C, Fleischmann RL, Hill CL, et al. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, I: Development, use and reliability. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989; 46(11): 1006–11. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tek C, Ulug B, Rezaki G, Tanriverdi N, Mercan S, Demir B, et al. Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and US National Institute of Mental Health Global Obsessive Scale in Turkish: reliability and validity. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1995; 91(6): 410–3. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uguz F, Gezginc K, Zeytinci IE, Karatayli S, Askin R, Guler O, et al. Obsessive-compulsive disorder in pregnant women during the third trimester of pregnancy. Compr Psychiatry 2007; 48(5): 441–5. [CrossRef]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forray A, Focseneanu M, Pittman B, McDougle CJ, Epperson CN. Onset and exacerbation of obsessive-compulsive disorder in pregnancy and the postpartum period. J Clin Psychiatry 2010; 71(8): 1061–8. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labad J, Menchón JM, Alonso P, Segalàs C, Jiménez S, Vallejo J. Female reproductive cycle and obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2005; 66(4): 428–35. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalra H, Tandon R, Trivedi JK, Janca A. Pregnancy-induced obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case report. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2005; 4(1): 12. [CrossRef]
   Google Scholar
• Hertzberg T, Leo RJ, Kim KY. Recurrent obsessive- compulsive disorder associated with pregnancy and childbirth. Psychosomatics 1997; 38(4): 386–8. [CrossRef]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neziroglu F, Anemone R, Yaryura-Tobias JA. Onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder in pregnancy. Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149(7): 947–50. [CrossRef]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams KE, Koran LM. Obsessive-compulsive disorder in pregnancy, the puerperium, and the premenstruum. J Clin Psychiatry 1997; 58(7): 330–4. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konuk N, Ozturk U, Karakus G, Tamam L. Postpartum obsessive compulsive disorder: a review. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni—Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2007; 17(3): 142–6.
   Google Scholar
• Bloch M, Rotenberg N, Koren D, Klein E. Risk factors for early postpartum depressive symptoms. Risk factors for early postpartum depressive symptoms. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2006; 28(1): 3–8. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirpinar I, Gozum S, Pasinlioglu T. Prospective study of postpartum depression in eastern Turkey prevalence, socio- demographic and obstetric correlates, prenatal anxiety and early awareness. J Clin Nurs 2010; 19(3–4): 422–31. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karacam Z, Ancel G. Depression, anxiety and influencing factors in pregnancy: a study in a Turkish population. Midwifery 2009; 25(4): 344–56. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein DJ. Neurobiology of the obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 47(4): 296–304. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nestadt G, Samuels J, Riddle M, Bienvenu J, Liang KY, LaBuda M, et al. A family study of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000; 57(4): 358–63. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pauls DL, Alsobrook JP, Goodman W, Rasmussen S, Leckman JF. A family study of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152(1): 76–84. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcus SM. Depression during pregnancy: rates, risks and consequences. Can J Clin Pharmacol 2009; 16(1): e15–e22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lawrence D, Considine J, Mitrou F, Zubrick SR. Anxiety disorders and cigarette smoking: Results from the Australian Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2010; 44(6): 520–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lancaster CA, Gold KJ, Flynn HA, Yoo H, Marcus SM, Davis MM. Risk factors for depressive symptoms during pregnancy: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 202(1): 5–14. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baer L, Jenike MA, Ricciardi JN, Holland AD, Seymour RJ, Minichiello WE, Buttolph ML. Standardized assessment of personality disorder in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990; 47(9): 826–30. [CrossRef]
   Google Scholar
• Matsunaga H, Kiriike N, Miyata A, Iwasaki Y, Matsui T, Nagata T, et al. Personality disorders in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder in Japan. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1998; 98(2): 128–34. [CrossRef]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mavissakalian M, Hamann MS, Jones B. DSM-III personality disorders in obsessive-compulsive disorder: changes with treatment. Compr Psychiatry 1990; 31(5): 432–7. [CrossRef]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samuels J, Nestadt G, Bienvenu OJ, Costa PT Jr, Riddle MA, Liang KY, et al. Personality disorders and normal personality dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry 2000; 177(5): 457–62. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bejerot S, Ekselius L, von Knorring L. Comorbidity between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and personality disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1998; 97(6): 398–402. [CrossRef]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisen JL, Goodman WK, Keller MB, Warshaw MG, DeMarco LM, Luce DD, et al. Patterns of remission and relapse in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a 2-year prospective study. J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 60(5): 346–51. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leckman JF, Mayes LC, Feldman R, Evans DW, King RA, Cohen DJ. Early parental preoccupations and behaviors and their possible relationship to the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1999; 100(Suppl. 396): S1–S26. [CrossRef]
   Google Scholar
• Fairbrother N, Woody SR. New mothers' thoughts of harm related to the newborn. Arch Womens Ment Health 2008; 11(3): 221–9. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abramowitz JS, Nelson CA, Rygwall R, Khandker M. The cognitive mediation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms: a longitudinal study. J Anxiety Disord 2007; 21(1): 91–104. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akman C, Uguz F, Kaya N. Postpartum-onset major depression is associated with personality disorders. Compr Psychiatry 2007; 48(4): 343–7. [CrossRef]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyce PM. Risk factors for postnatal depression: a review and risk factors in Australian populations. Arch Womens Ment Health 2003; 6(Suppl.2): S43–S50. [CrossRef]
   Google Scholar
• Dennis CL, Boyce P. Further psychometric testing of a brief personality scale to measure vulnerability to postpartum depression. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2004; 25(3–4): 305–11. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diniz JB, Rosario-Campos MC, Shavitt RG, Curi M, Hounie AG, Brotto SA, et al. Impact of age at onset and duration of illness on the expression of comorbidities in obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2004; 65(1): 22–7. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaSalle VH, Cromer KR, Nelson KN, Kazuba D, Justement L, Murphy DL. Diagnostic interview assessed neuropsychiatric disorder comorbidity in 334 individuals with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety 2004; 19(3): 163–73. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tukel R, Polat A, Ozdemir O, Aksut D, Turksoy N. Comorbid conditions in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2002; 43(3): 204–9. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denys D, Tenney N, van Megen HJ, de Geus F, Westenberg HG. Axis I and II comorbidity in a large sample of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Affect Disord 2004; 80(2–3): 155–62. [CrossRef]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown TA, Campbell LA, Lehman CL, Grisham JR, Mancill RB. Current and lifetime comorbidity of the DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders in a large clinical sample. J Abnorm Psychol 2001; 110(4): 585–99. [CrossRef]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pigott TA, L'Heureux F, Dubbert B, Bernstein S, Murphy DL. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Comorbid conditions. J Clin Psychiatry 1994; 55(Suppl.10): 15–27.
   Google Scholar
• Besiroglu L, Cilli A, Askin R. The predictors of health care seeking behavior in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2004; 45(2): 99–108. [CrossRef]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar