Full-Waveform Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Extracting a High-Resolution 3D Topographic Model: a Case Study on an Area of Archaeological Significance

References

• Alba M., Longoni L., Papini M., Roncoroni F., Scaioni M. (2005)—Feasibility and problems of TLS in modeling rock faces for hazard mapping. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 36 (3/W19): 156–161.
   Google Scholar
• Axelsson P. (2000)—DEM generation from laser scanner data using adaptive TIN models. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 33 (B4/1-3): 110–117.
   Google Scholar
• Barbarella M., Fiani M. (2013)—Monitoring of large landslides by terrestrial laser scanning techniques: field data collection and processing. European Journal of Remote Sensing, 46: 126–151. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5721/EuJRS20134608.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bitelli G., Dubbini M., Zanutta A. (2004)—Terrestrial laser scanning and digital photogrammetry techniques to monitor landslide bodies. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 35 (B5): 246–251.
   Google Scholar
• Borgatti L., Vittuari L., Zanutta A. (2010)—Geomatic methods for punctual and areal control of surface changes due to landslide phenomena. Landslides: Causes, Types and Effects, Nova Science Publishers Inc., pp. 133–175.
   Google Scholar
• Cotecchia V. (1996)—Geotechnical degradation of the archaeological site of Agrigento. Proceedings of “Geotechnical Engineering for the Preservation of Monuments and Historic Sites” Symposium, Naples, 3–4 October 1996, pp. 101–107.
   Google Scholar
• Coveney S., Fotheringham A. S. (2011)—Terrestrial laser scan error in the presence of dense ground vegetation. The Photogrammetric Record, 26 (135): 307–324. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.2011.00647.x.
   Google Scholar
• Di Mauro M., Van Cranenbroeck J. (2012)—Geodetic and geotechnical combined monitoring concept. FIG Working Week, Rome, 6–10 May 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Doneus M., Pfennigbauer M., Studnicka N., Ullrich A. (2009)—Terrestrial waveform laser scanning for documentation of cultural heritage. Proceedings of the XXII CIPA Symposium, Kyoto, 11–15 October 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Ferrero A.M., Migliazza M., Roncella R., Rabbi E. (2011)—Rock slopes risk assessment based on advanced geostructural survey techniques. Landslides, 8: 221–231. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-010-0246-4.
   Google Scholar
• Fowler A., France J. I., Truong M. (2011), Applications of advanced laser scanning technology in geology. Riegl USA. http://www.rieglusa.com/pdf/applications-of-advanced-laser-scanning-technology-in-geology-ananda-fowler-final.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Guarnieri A., Pirotti F., Vettore A. (2012)—Comparison of discrete return and waveform terrestrial laser scanning for dense vegetation filtering. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 39 (B7): 511–516. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XXXIX-B7-511-2012.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffmeister D., Tilly N., Curdt C., Aasen H., Ntageretzis K., Hadler H., Willershäuser T., Vött A., Bareth G. (2012)—Terrestrial laser scanning for coastal geomorphologic research in Western Greece. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 39 (B5): 511–516.
   Google Scholar
• Huat L. T., Ali F. (2012)—Slope hazard assessment in urbanized area. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engeneering, 17: 341–352.
   Google Scholar
• Hug C., Ullrich A., Grimm A. (2004)—Lite Mapper-5600—A waveform-digitizing LiDAR terrain and vegetation mapping system. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 36 (8/W2): 24–29.
   Google Scholar
• Jones R. R., McCaffrey K. J. W., Clegg P., Wilson R. W., Holliman N. S., Holdsworth R. E., Imberc J., Waggott S. (2009)—Integration of regional to outcrop digital data: 3D visualization of multi-scale geological models. Computers & Geosciences, 35: 4–18. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2007.09.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallet C., Bretar F. (2009)—Full-waveform topographic LiDAR: state-of-the-art. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 46 (1): 1–16. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2008.09.007.
   Google Scholar
• Mazzanti P., Brunetti A. (2010)—Assessing rockfall susceptibility by Terrestrial SAR Interferometry. Proceedings of Mountain Risks International Conference, Florence, 2426 November 2010, pp. 109–114.
   Google Scholar
• Nocilla N., Evangelista A., Scotto di Santolo A. (2009)—Fragmentation during rock falls: two Italian case studies of hard and soft rocks. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 42 (5): 815–833. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00603-008-0006-0.
   Google Scholar
• Pagliarulo R., Parise M. (2000)—Landslide assessment at the archaeological site of Agrigento (Sicily, Italy). Proceedings of “GeoEng 2000 International Conference on Geotechnical and Geological Engineering”, Melbourne, 19–24 November 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Pfennigbauer M., Ullrich A. (2008)—Three-dimensional laser scanners with echo digitization. Proceedings of the XIII SPIE Laser Radar Technology and Applications, 6950. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2008.09.00710.1117/12.777919.
   Google Scholar
• Pirotti F. (2011)—Analysis of full-waveform LiDAR data for forestry applications: a review of investigations and methods. iForest-Biogeosciences and Forestry, 4 (1): 100–106. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/ifor0562-004.
   Google Scholar
• Pirotti F., Grigolato S., Lingua E., Sitzia T., Tarolli P. (2012)—Laser scanner applications in forest and environmental sciences. Italian Journal of Remote Sensing, 44 (1): 109–123. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5721/ItJRS20124419.
   Google Scholar
• Pirotti F., Guarnieri A., Vettore A. (2013a)—Groundfiltering and vegetation mapping using multi-return terrestrial laser scanning. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 76: 56–63. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/jisprsjprs.2012.08.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pirotti F., Guarnieri A., Vettore A. (2013b)—State of the art of ground and aerial laser scanning technologies for high-resolution topography of the earth surface. European Journal of Remote Sensing, 46: 66–78. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5721/EuJRS20134605.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pirotti F., Guarnieri A., Vettore A. (2013c)—Vegetation filtering of waveform terrestrial laser scanner datafor DTM production. Applied Geomatics, 5 (4): 311–322. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12518-013-0119-3.
   Google Scholar
• Reitberger J., Krzystek P., Stilla U. (2009)—Benefit of airborne full waveform LiDAR for 3D segmentation and classification of single trees. Proceedings of ASPRS Annual Conference, Baltimore, 9–13 March 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Salvini R., Francioni M., Riccucci S., Bonciani F., Callegari I. (2013)—Photogrammetry and laser scanning for analyzing slope stability and rock fall runout along the Domodossola—Iselle railway, the Italian Alps. Geomorphology, 185: 110–122. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.12.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schöna B., Mosa A. S. M., Laefer D.F., Bertolotto M. (2013)—Octree-based indexing for 3D point clouds within an Oracle Spatial DBMS. Computers & Geosciences, 51: 430–438. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2012.08.021.
   Google Scholar
• Slob S., Hack R., Van Knappen B., Kemeny J. (2004)—Automated identification and characterization of discontinuity sets in outcropping rock masses using 3D terrestrial laser scan survey techniques. Proceedings of EUROCK 2004 & 53nd Geomechanics Colloquium, Salzburg, 7–9 October 2004, pp. 439–443.
   Google Scholar
• Sturzenegger M., Stead D. (2009)—Close-range terrestrial digital photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning for discontinuity characterization on rock cuts. Engineering Geology, 106: 163–182. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2009.03.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullrich A., Studnika N., Hollaus M., Briese C., Wagner W., Doneus M., Mücke W. (2007)—Improvements in DTMgeneration by using full-waveform airborne laser scanner data. Proceedings of the 7^th International Conference on “Laser Scanning and Digital Aerial Photography. Today and Tomorrow”, Moscow, 6–7 December 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Umili G., Ferrero A., Einstein H.H. (2013)—A new method for automatic discontinuity traces sampling on rock mass 3D model. Computers & Geosciences, 51: 182–192. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2012.07.026.
   Google Scholar
• Wagner W., Ullrich A., Melzer T., Briese C., Kraus K. (2004)—From single-pulse to full waveform airborne laser scanners: potential and practical challenges. International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 35 (B3): 201–206.
   Google Scholar
• Wallace A. M., Ye J., Krichel N. J., McCarthy A., Collins R.J., Buller G. S. (2010)—Full waveform analysis for long-range 3D imaging laser radar. EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/896708.
   Google Scholar
• Wang M., Tseng Y. (2011)—Incremental segmentation of LiDAR point clouds with an octree-structured voxel space. The Photogrammetric Record, 26 (133): 32–57. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/89670810.1111/j.1477-9730.2011.00624.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao T., Yang X., Zhao F., Wang Z., Zhang Q., Jupp D., Lovell J., Culvenor D., Newnham G., Ni-Meister W., Schaaf C., Woodcock C., Wang J., Li X., Strahler A. (2011)—Measuring forest structure and biomass in New England forest stands using Echidna ground- based LiDAR. Remote Sensing of Environment, 115 (11): 2965–2974. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.03.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar