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Original Articles

Application of Key Events Analysis to Chemical Carcinogens and Noncarcinogens

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Pages 690-707 | Published online: 11 Sep 2009

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Read on this site (21)

Harm Heusinkveld, Hedwig Braakhuis, Robin Gommans, Phil Botham, Marco Corvaro, Jan Willem van der Laan, Dick Lewis, Federica Madia, Irene Manou, Frédéric Schorsch, Gerrit Wolterink, Ruud Woutersen, Raffaella Corvi, Jyotigna Mehta & Mirjam Luijten. (2020) Towards a mechanism-based approach for the prediction of nongenotoxic carcinogenic potential of agrochemicals. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 50:9, pages 725-739.
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Susy Brescia. (2020) Thresholds of adversity and their applicability to endocrine disrupting chemicals. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 50:3, pages 213-218.
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Susan P. Felter, Alan R. Boobis, Philip A. Botham, Alice Brousse, Helmut Greim, Heli M. Hollnagel & Ursula G. Sauer. (2020) Hazard identification, classification, and risk assessment of carcinogens: too much or too little? – Report of an ECETOC workshop. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 50:1, pages 72-95.
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Adeline Clergé, Jérémie Le Goff, Claire Lopez, Jérôme Ledauphin & Raphaël Delépée. (2019) Oxy-PAHs: occurrence in the environment and potential genotoxic/mutagenic risk assessment for human health. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 49:4, pages 302-328.
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Lawrence V. Tannenbaum & Stephen J. Comaty. (2019) A path forward for improved noncancer assessment: the truly adverse dose (the TAD). Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 25:3, pages 624-636.
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Brent D. Kerger, Kenneth T. Bogen, Anne E. Loccisano & James C. Lamb. (2018) Proposed reference dose for toxaphene carcinogenicity based on constitutive androstane receptor-mediated mode of action. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 24:5, pages 1160-1180.
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Mirjam Luijten, Evelyn D. Olthof, Betty C. Hakkert, Emiel Rorije, Jan-Willem van der Laan, Ruud A. Woutersen & Jan van Benthem. (2016) An integrative test strategy for cancer hazard identification. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 46:7, pages 615-639.
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Lisa M. Sweeney, Janet E. Kester, Christopher R. Kirman, P. Robinan Gentry, Marcy I. Banton, James S. Bus & Michael L. Gargas. (2015) Risk assessments for chronic exposure of children and prospective parents to ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4). Critical Reviews in Toxicology 45:8, pages 662-726.
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Ted W. Simon, S. Stoney Simons$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), R. Julian Preston, Alan R. Boobis, Samuel M. Cohen, Nancy G. Doerrer, Penelope A. Fenner-Crisp, Tami S. McMullin, Charlene A. McQueen & J. Craig Rowlands. (2014) The use of mode of action information in risk assessment: Quantitative key events/dose-response framework for modeling the dose-response for key events. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 44:sup3, pages 17-43.
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Lynn H. Pottenger, Larry S. Andrews, Ammie N. Bachman, Peter J. Boogaard, Jean Cadet, Michelle R. Embry, Peter B. Farmer, Matthew W. Himmelstein, Annie M. Jarabek, Elizabeth A. Martin, Robert J. Mauthe, Rudranath Persaud, R. Julian Preston, Rita Schoeny, Julie Skare, James A. Swenberg, Gary M. Williams, Errol Zeiger, Fagen Zhang & James H. Kim. (2014) An organizational approach for the assessment of DNA adduct data in risk assessment: case studies for aflatoxin B1, tamoxifen and vinyl chloride. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 44:4, pages 348-391.
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R. A. Budinsky, D. Schrenk, T. Simon, M. Van den Berg, J. F. Reichard, J. B. Silkworth, L. L. Aylward, A. Brix, T. Gasiewicz, N. Kaminski, G. Perdew, T. B. Starr, N. J. Walker & J. C. Rowlands. (2014) Mode of action and dose–response framework analysis for receptor-mediated toxicity: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor as a case study. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 44:1, pages 83-119.
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Melvin E. Andersen, R. Julian Preston, Andrew Maier, Alison M. Willis & Jacqueline Patterson. (2014) Dose–response approaches for nuclear receptor-mediated modes of action for liver carcinogenicity: Results of a workshop. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 44:1, pages 50-63.
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J. Christopher Corton, Michael L. Cunningham, B. Timothy Hummer, Christopher Lau, Bette Meek, Jeffrey M. Peters, James A. Popp, Lorenz Rhomberg, Jennifer Seed & James E. Klaunig. (2014) Mode of action framework analysis for receptor-mediated toxicity: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) as a case study. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 44:1, pages 1-49.
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Andrea C Gore, Jacques Balthazart, Daniel D Bikle, David O Carpenter, David Crews, Paul Czernichow, Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis, Robert M Dores, Dave Grattan, Patrick R Hof, Anthony N Hollenberg, Carol A Lange, Adrian V Lee, Jon E Levine, Robert P Millar, Randy J Nelson, Miquel Porta, Merrily A Poth, Deborah M Power, Gail S Prins, E Chester Ridgway, Emilie F Rissman, JA Romijn, Paul E Sawchenko, Peter D Sly, Olle Söder, Hugh S Taylor, Manuel Tena-Sempere, Hubert Vaudry, Kim Wallen, Zhi Wang, Leonard Wartofsky & Cheryl S Watson. (2013) Policy decisions on endocrine disruptors should be based on science across disciplines. Endocrine Disruptors 1:1.
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Lorenz R. Rhomberg, Julie E. Goodman, Lisa A. Bailey, Robyn L. Prueitt, Nancy B. Beck, Christopher Bevan, Michael Honeycutt, Norbert E. Kaminski, Greg Paoli, Lynn H. Pottenger, Roberta W. Scherer, Kimberly C. Wise & Richard A. Becker. (2013) A survey of frameworks for best practices in weight-of-evidence analyses. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 43:9, pages 753-784.
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Richard J. Albertini. (2013) Vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) genotoxicity profile: Relevance for carcinogenicity. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 43:8, pages 671-706.
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Michael Dourson, Richard A. Becker, Lynne T. Haber, Lynn H. Pottenger, Tiffany Bredfeldt & Penelope A. Fenner-Crisp. (2013) Advancing human health risk assessment: Integrating recent advisory committee recommendations. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 43:6, pages 467-492.
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Chad M. Thompson, Deborah M. Proctor, Mina Suh, Laurie C. Haws, Christopher R. Kirman & Mark A. Harris. (2013) Assessment of the mode of action underlying development of rodent small intestinal tumors following oral exposure to hexavalent chromium and relevance to humans. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 43:3, pages 244-274.
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Aldert H. Piersma, Lya G. Hernandez, Jan van Benthem, J. J. Andre Muller, F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen, Theo G. Vermeire & Marcel T. M. van Raaij. (2011) Reproductive toxicants have a threshold of adversity. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 41:6, pages 545-554.
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Susan P. Felter, Rory B. Conolly, Joel P. Bercu, P. Michael Bolger, Alan R. Boobis, Peter M. J. Bos, Philip Carthew, Nancy G. Doerrer, Jay I. Goodman, Wafa A. Harrouk, David J. Kirkland, Serrine S. Lau, G. Craig Llewellyn, R. Julian Preston, Rita Schoeny, A. Robert Schnatter, Angelika Tritscher, Frans van Velsen & Gary M. Williams. (2011) A proposed framework for assessing risk from less-than-lifetime exposures to carcinogens. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 41:6, pages 507-544.
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Elizabeth Julien , AlanR. Boobis, StephenS. Olin & The ILSI Research Foundation Threshold Working Group. (2009) The Key Events Dose-Response Framework: A Cross-Disciplinary Mode-of-Action Based Approach to Examining Dose-Response and Thresholds. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 49:8, pages 682-689.
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Vivian Futran Fuhrman, Alon Tal & Shai Arnon. (2015) Why endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) challenge traditional risk assessment and how to respond. Journal of Hazardous Materials 286, pages 589-611.
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R.E. FitzGerald & M.F. Wilks. (2014) Bisphenol A—Why an adverse outcome pathway framework needs to be applied. Toxicology Letters 230:2, pages 368-374.
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A.C. Gore, J. Balthazart, D. Bikle, D.O. Carpenter, D. Crews, P. Czernichow, E. Diamanti-Kandarakis, R.M. Dores, D. Grattan, P.R. Hof, A.N. Hollenberg, C. Lange, A.V. Lee, J.E. Levine, R.P. Millar, R.J. Nelson, M. Porta, M. Poth, D.M. Power, G.S. Prins, E.C. Ridgway, E.F. Rissman, J.A. Romijn, P.E. Sawchenko, P.D. Sly, O. Söder, H.S. Taylor, M. Tena-Sempere, H. Vaudry, K. Wallen, Z. Wang, L. Wartofsky & C.S. Watson. (2014) Reprint of: Policy decisions on endocrine disruptors should be based on science across disciplines: A response to Dietrich et al.. Hormones and Behavior 65:2, pages 190-193.
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A.C. Gore, J. Balthazart, D. Bikle, D.O. Carpenter, D. Crews, P. Czernichow, E. Diamanti-Kandarakis, R.M. Dores, D. Grattan, P.R. Hof, A.N. Hollenberg, C. Lange, A.V. Lee, J.E. Levine, R.P. Millar, R.J. Nelson, M. Porta, M. Poth, D.M. Power, G.S. Prins, E.C. Ridgway, E.F. Rissman, J.A. Romijn, P.E. Sawchenko, P.D. Sly, O. Söder, H.S. Taylor, M. Tena-Sempere, H. Vaudry, K. Wallen, Z. Wang, L. Wartofsky & C.S. Watson. (2014) Reprint of: Policy decisions on endocrine disruptors should be based on science across disciplines: A response to Dietrich, et al.. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 35:1, pages 2-5.
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L.T. Haber, A. Willis & P. Nance. 2014. Encyclopedia of Toxicology. Encyclopedia of Toxicology 361 364 .
M. E. Meek, A. Boobis, I. Cote, V. Dellarco, G. Fotakis, S. Munn, J. Seed & C. Vickers. (2013) New developments in the evolution and application of the WHO/IPCS framework on mode of action/species concordance analysis. Journal of Applied Toxicology 34:1, pages 1-18.
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A C Gore, J Balthazart, D Bikle, D O Carpenter, D Crews, P Czernichow, E Diamanti-Kandarakis, R M Dores, D Grattan, P R Hof, A N Hollenberg, C Lange, A V Lee, J E Levine, R P Millar, R J Nelson, M Porta, M Poth, D M Power, G S Prins, E C Ridgway, E F Rissman, J A Romijn, P E Sawchenko, P D Sly, O Söder, H S Taylor, M Tena-Sempere, H Vaudry, K Wallen, Z Wang, L Wartofsky & C S Watson. (2013) Policy decisions on endocrine disruptors should be based on science across disciplines: a response to Dietrich et al.. European Journal of Endocrinology 169:6, pages E1-E4.
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. (2013) Editorial. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 67:3, pages 317-320.
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Wolfgang Dekant & Thomas Colnot. (2013) Endocrine effects of chemicals: Aspects of hazard identification and human health risk assessment. Toxicology Letters 223:3, pages 280-286.
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Daniel R. Dietrich, Sonja von Aulock, Hans Marquardt, Bas Blaauboer, Wolfgang Dekant, James Kehrer, Jan Hengstler, Abby Collier, Gio Batta Gori, Olavi Pelkonen, Florian Lang, Frans P. Nijkamp, Kerstin Stemmer, Albert Li, Kai Savolainen, A. Wallace Hayes, Nigel Gooderham, Alan Harvey & Frank A. Barile. (2013) Scientifically unfounded precaution drives European Commission's recommendations on EDC regulation, while defying common sense, well-established science and risk assessment principles. Toxicon 76, pages A1-A2.
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Emanuela Testai, Corrado L. Galli, Wolfgang Dekant, Marina Marinovich, Aldert H. Piersma & Richard M. Sharpe. (2013) A plea for risk assessment of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Toxicology 314:1, pages 51-59.
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. (2013) Editorial. Food and Chemical Toxicology 62, pages A1-A4.
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A. C. GoreJ. BalthazartD. BikleD. O. CarpenterD. CrewsP. CzernichowE. Diamanti-KandarakisR. M. DoresD. GrattanP. R. HofA. N. HollenbergC. LangeA. V. LeeJ. E. LevineR. P. MillarR. J. NelsonM. PortaM. PothD. M. PowerG. S. PrinsE. C. RidgwayE. F. RissmanJ. A. RomijnP. E. SawchenkoP. D. SlyO. SöderH. S. TaylorM. Tena-SempereH. VaudryK. WallenZ. WangL. Wartofsky & C. S. Watson. (2013) Policy Decisions on Endocrine Disruptors Should Be Based on Science Across Disciplines: A Response to Dietrich et al.. Endocrinology 154:11, pages 3957-3960.
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A. C. Gore, J. Balthazart, D. Bikle, D. O. Carpenter, D. Crews, P. Czernichow, E. Diamanti-Kandarakis, R. M. Dores, D. Grattan, P. R. Hof, A. N. Hollenberg, C. Lange, A. V. Lee, J. E. Levine, R. P. Millar, R. J. Nelson, M. Porta, M. Poth, D. M. Power, G. S. Prins, E. C. Ridgway, E. F. Rissman, J. A. Romijn, P. E. Sawchenko, P. D. Sly, O. Söder, H. S. Taylor, M. Tena-Sempere, H. Vaudry, K. Wallen, Z. Wang, L. Wartofsky & C. S. Watson. (2013) Policy decisions on endocrine disruptors should be based on science across disciplines: a response to Dietrich et al . . Andrology 1:6, pages 802-805.
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Christopher J. Borgert, Stephen P. Baker & John C. Matthews. (2013) Potency matters: Thresholds govern endocrine activity. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 67:1, pages 83-88.
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Daniel R. Dietrich, Sonja von Aulock, Hans Marquardt, Bas J. Blaauboer, Wolfgang Dekant, James Kehrer, Jan Hengstler, Abby Collier, Gio Batta Gori, Olavi Pelkonen, Florian Lang, Frans P. Nijkamp, Kerstin Stemmer, Albert Li, Kai Savolainen, A. Wallace Hayes, Nigel Gooderham & Alan Harvey. (2013) Scientifically unfounded precaution drives European Commission’s recommendations on EDC regulation, while defying common sense, well-established science and risk assessment principles. Toxicology in Vitro 27:7, pages 2110-2114.
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Daniel R. Dietrich, Sonja von Aulock, Hans Marquardt, Bas Blaauboer, Wolfgang Dekant, James Kehrer, Jan Hengstler, Abby Collier, Gio Batta Gori, Olavi Pelkonen, Florian Lang, Frank A. Barile, Frans P. Nijkamp, Kerstin Stemmer, Albert Li, Kai Savolainen, A. Wallace Hayes, Nigel Gooderham & Alan Harvey. (2013) Scientifically unfounded precaution drives European Commission’s recommendations on EDC regulation, while defying common sense, well-established science and risk assessment principles. Chemico-Biological Interactions 205:1, pages A1-A5.
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Daniel Dietrich, Sonja von Aulock, H. W. J. Marquardt, Bas J. Blaauboer, Wolfgang Dekant, James Kehrer, Jan G. Hengstler, Abby C. Collier, Gio Batta Gori, Olavi Pelkonen, Florian Lang, Frans P. Nijkamp, Kerstin Stemmer, Albert Li, Kai Savolainen, A. Wallace Hayes, Nigel Gooderham & Alan Harvey. (2013) Open letter to the European commission: scientifically unfounded precaution drives European commission’s recommendations on EDC regulation, while defying common sense, well-established science, and risk assessment principles. Archives of Toxicology 87:9, pages 1739-1741.
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Kei Tamura, Kaoru Inoue, Miwa Takahashi, Saori Matsuo, Kaoru Irie, Yukio Kodama, Shogo Ozawa, Akiyoshi Nishikawa & Midori Yoshida. (2013) Dose–response involvement of constitutive androstane receptor in mouse liver hypertrophy induced by triazole fungicides. Toxicology Letters 221:1, pages 47-56.
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Alan Boobis, Alessandro Chiodini, Jeljer Hoekstra, Pagona Lagiou, Hildegard Przyrembel, Josef Schlatter, Katrin Schütte, Hans Verhagen & Bernhard Watzl. (2013) Critical appraisal of the assessment of benefits and risks for foods, ‘BRAFO Consensus Working Group’. Food and Chemical Toxicology 55, pages 659-675.
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Grace Patlewicz, Ted Simon, Katy Goyak, Richard D. Phillips, J. Craig Rowlands, Shawn D. Seidel & Richard A. Becker. (2013) Use and validation of HT/HC assays to support 21st century toxicity evaluations. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 65:2, pages 259-268.
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R. Julian Preston. (2012) DNA Reactivity as a Mode of Action and Its Relevance to Cancer Risk Assessment. Toxicologic Pathology 41:2, pages 322-325.
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A.C. Gore, J. Balthazart, D. Bikle, D.O. Carpenter, D. Crews, P. Czernichow, E. Diamanti-Kandarakis, R.M. Dores, D. Grattan, P.R. Hof, A.N. Hollenberg, C. Lange, A.V. Lee, J.E. Levine, R.P. Millar, R.J. Nelson, M. Porta, M. Poth, D.M. Power, G.S. Prins, E.C. Ridgway, E.F. Rissman, J.A. Romijn, P.E. Sawchenko, P.D. Sly, O. Söder, H.S. Taylor, M. Tena-Sempere, H. Vaudry, K. Wallen, Z. Wang, L. Wartofsky & C.S. Watson. (2013) Policy Decisions on Endocrine Disruptors Should Be Based on Science across Disciplines: A Response to Dietrich et al.. Hormone Research in Paediatrics 80:5, pages 305-308.
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. (2013) Scientifically unfounded precaution drives European Commission's recommendations on EDC regulation, while defying common sense, well-established science and risk assessment principles. Toxicology Research 2:5, pages 297.
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Penelope A. Fenner-Crisp. (2012) Application of the International Life Sciences Institute Key Events Dose-Response Framework to Food Contaminants. The Journal of Nutrition 142:12, pages 2199S-2206S.
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Lynne T. Haber, Joan E. Strawson, Andrew Maier, Irene M. Baskerville‐Abraham, Ann Parker & Michael L. Dourson. 2003. Patty's Toxicology. Patty's Toxicology 89 132 .
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M.J. Tijhuis, N. de Jong, M.V. Pohjola, H. Gunnlaugsdóttir, M. Hendriksen, J. Hoekstra, F. Holm, N. Kalogeras, O. Leino, F.X.R. van Leeuwen, J.M. Luteijn, S.H. Magnússon, G. Odekerken, C. Rompelberg, J.T. Tuomisto, Ø. Ueland, B.C. White & H. Verhagen. (2012) State of the art in benefit–risk analysis: Food and nutrition. Food and Chemical Toxicology 50:1, pages 5-25.
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