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Twelve Tips

Twelve tips for teaching reflection at all levels of medical education

Pages 200-205 | Published online: 27 Sep 2010

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (44)

Ted Brown, Richard O’Donovan, Averil Grieve, Mong-Lin Yu, Bella Ross, Louise Oliaro & Jamie Etherington. (2023) Reflective-Thinking and Resilience as Predictors of Professionalism in Master of Social Work Students. Journal of Social Work Education 59:4, pages 1125-1145.
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Selçuk Akturan, Bilge Tuncel, Yasemin Güner, Ayşenur Duman Dilbaz, Melek Üçüncüoğlu & Canan Ayazoğlu. (2023) What do reflective writings of clinical year students say to medical educators?; a qualitative study. Reflective Practice 24:4, pages 559-573.
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Camille Gajria, Elinor Gunning, Jo Horsburgh & Sonia Kumar. (2022) Using vlogging to facilitate medical student reflection. Education for Primary Care 33:4, pages 244-247.
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Charlotte R. den Bakker, Renée A. Hendriks, Mirjam Houtlosser, Friedo W. Dekker & Adriaan F. Norbart. (2022) Twelve tips for fostering the next generation of medical teachers. Medical Teacher 44:7, pages 725-729.
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Janet Lefroy, Ben Walters, Adrian Molyneux & Sarah Smithson. (2021) Can learning from workplace feedback be enhanced by reflective writing? A realist evaluation in UK undergraduate medical education. Education for Primary Care 32:6, pages 326-335.
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Daniel Solchanyk, Odera Ekeh, Lise Saffran, Inger E. Burnett-Zeigler & Ashti Doobay-Persaud. (2021) Integrating Cultural Humility into the Medical Education Curriculum: Strategies for Educators. Teaching and Learning in Medicine 33:5, pages 554-560.
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Liesje Coertjens, Marije Lesterhuis, Benedicte Y. De Winter, Maarten Goossens, Sven De Maeyer & Nele R. M. Michels. (2021) Improving Self-Reflection Assessment Practices: Comparative Judgment as an Alternative to Rubrics. Teaching and Learning in Medicine 33:5, pages 525-535.
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Kelly Gillingham, Kyle Eggleton & Felicity Goodyear-Smith. (2020) Is Reflective Learning Visible in Online Discussion Forums for Medical Students on General Practice Placements? A Qualitative Study. Teaching and Learning in Medicine 32:4, pages 434-441.
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Jaideep S. Talwalkar, Tanya D. Murtha, Stephanie Prozora, Auguste H. Fortin$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Laura J. Morrison & Matthew S. Ellman. (2020) Assessing Advanced Communication Skills via Objective Structured Clinical Examination: A Comparison of Faculty Versus Self, Peer, and Standardized Patient Assessors. Teaching and Learning in Medicine 32:3, pages 294-307.
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Jody E. Steinauer, Arianne Teherani, Robin Mangini, Jessie Chien, Olle ten Cate & Patricia O’Sullivan. (2019) Characterizations of motivation and identity in medical students’ reflections about challenging patient interactions. Medical Teacher 41:10, pages 1178-1183.
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Richard Wai Ming Law & Omar Shafey. (2019) The nature of interpretive phenomenological reflective practice for junior doctors. Reflective Practice 20:5, pages 654-665.
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Saadet Korucu Kis & Galip Kartal. (2019) No pain no gain: reflections on the promises and challenges of embedding reflective practices in large classes. Reflective Practice 20:5, pages 637-653.
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Erik Lundmark, Mark Tayar, Karl Qin & Christine Bilsland. (2019) Does Reflection Help Students to Develop Entrepreneurial Capabilities?. Journal of Small Business Management 57:3, pages 1157-1171.
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Sharita Bharuthram. (2018) Reflecting on the process of teaching reflection in higher education. Reflective Practice 19:6, pages 806-817.
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Hilliard Jason & Jane Westberg. (2018) Preparing educators for adaptive education (AE) programs. Medical Teacher 40:8, pages 828-833.
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Patricia Neville. (2018) Introducing dental students to reflective practice: a dental educator’s reflections. Reflective Practice 19:2, pages 278-290.
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Maryam Alizadeh, Azim Mirzazadeh, Dean X. Parmelee, Elizabeth Peyton, Neda Mehrdad, Leila Janani & Hooman Shahsavari. (2018) Leadership Identity Development Through Reflection and Feedback in Team-Based Learning Medical Student Teams. Teaching and Learning in Medicine 30:1, pages 76-83.
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John T. Ratelle, Sara L. Bonnes, Amy T. Wang, Saswati Mahapatra, Cathy D. Schleck, Jayawant N. Mandrekar, Karen F. Mauck, Thomas J. Beckman & Christopher M. Wittich. (2017) Associations between teaching effectiveness and participant self-reflection in continuing medical education. Medical Teacher 39:7, pages 697-703.
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Maryam Alizadeh, Azim Mirzazadeh, Dean X. Parmelee, Elizabeth Peyton, Leila Janani, Gholamreza Hassanzadeh & Saharnaz Nedjat. (2017) Uncover it, students would learn leadership from Team-Based Learning (TBL): The effect of guided reflection and feedback. Medical Teacher 39:4, pages 395-401.
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Ken Lau. (2016) Assessing reflection in English enhancement courses: teachers’ views and development of a holistic framework. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 41:6, pages 854-868.
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K.P.J. (Karen) Fortuin & C.S.A. (Kris) van Koppen. (2016) Teaching and learning reflexive skills in inter- and transdisciplinary research: A framework and its application in environmental science education. Environmental Education Research 22:5, pages 697-716.
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Gabrielle Brand, Karen Miller, Rosemary Saunders, Helen Dugmore & Christopher Etherton-Beer. (2016) Expanding the Caring Lens: Nursing and Medical Students Reflecting on Images of Older People. Gerontology & Geriatrics Education 37:2, pages 167-184.
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Shannon Arntfield, Brittney Parlett, Christine N. Meston, Tavis Apramian & Lorelei Lingard. (2016) A model of engagement in reflective writing-based portfolios: Interactions between points of vulnerability and acts of adaptability. Medical Teacher 38:2, pages 196-205.
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Rebecca Miller-Kuhlmann, Patricia S. O’Sullivan & Louise Aronson. (2016) Essential steps in developing best practices to assess reflective skill: A comparison of two rubrics. Medical Teacher 38:1, pages 75-81.
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Mohamed Mostafa Al-Eraky. (2015) Twelve Tips for teaching medical professionalism at all levels of medical education. Medical Teacher 37:11, pages 1018-1025.
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Amy Hayton, Ilho Kang, Raymond Wong & Lawrence K. Loo. (2015) Teaching Medical Students to Reflect More Deeply. Teaching and Learning in Medicine 27:4, pages 410-416.
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Paula T. Ross & Monica L. Lypson. (2014) Using Artistic-Narrative to Stimulate Reflection on Physician Bias. Teaching and Learning in Medicine 26:4, pages 344-349.
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Jeremy M. Brown, Helen McNeill & Nigel J. Shaw. (2013) Triggers for reflection: exploring the act of written reflection and the hidden art of reflective practice in postgraduate medicine. Reflective Practice 14:6, pages 755-765.
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Nirusha Lachman, Kevin N. Christensen & Wojciech Pawlina. (2013) Anatomy teaching assistants: Facilitating teaching skills for medical students through apprenticeship and mentoring. Medical Teacher 35:1, pages e919-e925.
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Philip Song & Rosalyn Stewart. (2012) Reflective writing in medical education. Medical Teacher 34:11, pages 955-956.
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Mathew Todres, Zoi Tsimtsiou, Kalwant Sidhu, Anne Stephenson & Roger Jones. (2012) Medical students’ perceptions of the factors influencing their academic performance: An exploratory interview study with high-achieving and re-sitting medical students. Medical Teacher 34:5, pages e325-e331.
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Rickard Ljung, Catarina Jansson, Helena Nordenstedt, Lena Martin, Pernilla Lagergren & Jesper Lagergren. (2012) Twelve tips for conducting a postgraduate course on study design and study protocol writing for the medical profession. Medical Teacher 34:1, pages 25-29.
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