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Original Article

Variable decelerations: do size and shape matter?

, &
Pages 648-653 | Received 08 Mar 2011, Accepted 31 May 2011, Published online: 01 Aug 2011

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Marta Chóliz Ezquerro, Ricardo Savirón Cornudella, Luis Mariano Esteban, Clara Zamora del Pozo, Andrea Espiau Romera, Berta Castán Larraz & Sergio Castán Mateo. (2022) Total intrapartum fetal reperfusion time (fetal resilience) and neonatal acidemia. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 35:25, pages 6466-6475.
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Marco La Verde, Gaetano Riemma, Marco Torella, Clelia Torre, Stefano Cianci, Anna Conte, Carlo Capristo, Maddalena Morlando, Nicola Colacurci & Pasquale De Franciscis. (2022) Impact of Braxton-Hicks contractions on fetal wellbeing; a prospective analysis through computerised cardiotocography. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 42:4, pages 569-573.
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Sabina Martí Gamboa, Maria Lapresta Moros, Jara Pascual Mancho, Carlos Lapresta Moros & Sergio Castán Mateo. (2017) Deceleration area and fetal acidemia. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 30:21, pages 2578-2584.
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Sabina Martí Gamboa, Jara Pascual Mancho, María Lapresta Moros, Laura Rodríguez Lázaro, Carlos de Bonrostro Torralba & Sergio Castán Mateo. (2017) Atypical decelerations: do they matter?. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 30:2, pages 240-244.
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Emily Hamilton, Philip Warrick, Eric Knox, Daniel O’Keeffe & Thomas Garite. (2012) High uterine contraction rates in births with normal and abnormal umbilical artery gases. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 25:11, pages 2302-2307.
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Luis Mariano Esteban, Berta Castán, Javier Esteban-Escaño, Gerardo Sanz-Enguita, Antonio R. Laliena, Ana Cristina Lou-Mercadé, Marta Chóliz-Ezquerro, Sergio Castán & Ricardo Savirón-Cornudella. (2023) Machine Learning Algorithms Combining Slope Deceleration and Fetal Heart Rate Features to Predict Acidemia. Applied Sciences 13:13, pages 7478.
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Jasmin L. Aeberhard, Anda-Petronela Radan, Ricard Delgado-Gonzalo, Karin Maya Strahm, Halla Bjorg Sigurthorsdottir, Sophie Schneider & Daniel Surbek. (2023) Artificial intelligence and machine learning in cardiotocography: A scoping review. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 281, pages 54-62.
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Minakshi Kumari, Anuja Abraham, Kavitha Abraham, Preethi Navaneethan, Reka Karuppusami, Santhanam Sridhar & Annie Regi. (2023) Intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring and perinatal outcomes: Analysis of components of fetal heart rate pattern. Current Medical Issues 21:1, pages 26.
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Ruchika Garg, Priyankur Roy, Athulya Shajan & Monika Singh. 2023. Labour and Delivery. Labour and Delivery 529 546 .
Mahboobeh Shirazi, Behrokh Sahebdel, Fetemeh Golshahi & Marjan Ghaemi. (2022) Need for Further Medical Attention to Nonreassuring Cardiotocography Near Delivery in High-Risk Pregnancies. Fertility, Gynecology and Andrology 1:1.
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Pao-Lin Kuo, Lim Bee Yen, Yi-Chun Du, Po-Fan Chen & Pei-Yin Tsai. (2021) Combination of XGBoost Analysis and Rule-Based Method for Intrapartum Cardiotocograph Classification. Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering 41:4, pages 534-542.
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S Moors, R Joshi, L M Bullens, N H M van Oostrum, M Regis, E R van den Heuvel, S G Oei, J O E H van Laar & M B van der Hout-van der Jagt. (2020) A randomized controlled trial studying the effect of maternal hyperoxygenation on fetal heart rate in suspected fetal distress. Physiological Measurement 41:11, pages 115002.
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A. M. Prikhodko, A. Yu. Romanov, O. V. Tysyachnyy, M. D. Gapaeva & O. R. Baev. (2020) Modern principles of cardiotocography in childbirth. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council:3, pages 90-97.
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Sharon Dore & William Ehman. (2020) No396 - Surveillance du bien-être fœtal : Directive clinique de consensus des soins intrapartum. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 42:3, pages 349-384.e10.
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Sharon Dore & William Ehman. (2020) No. 396-Fetal Health Surveillance: Intrapartum Consensus Guideline. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 42:3, pages 316-348.e9.
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Lauren M. Bullens, Alexandra D. J. Hulsenboom, Suzanne Moors, Rohan Joshi, Pieter J. van Runnard Heimel, M. Beatrijs van der Hout-van der Jagt, Edwin R. van den Heuvel & S. Guid Oei. (2018) Intrauterine resuscitation during the second stage of term labour by maternal hyperoxygenation versus conventional care: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (INTEREST O2). Trials 19:1.
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Shashikant L. Sholapurkar. (2017) Longitudinal fetal heart rate changes are not generally disregarded but should be supplemented by meaningful categorization of decelerations. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 216:2, pages 194-195.
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Savvas Argyridis & Sabaratnam Arulkumaran. 2017. Best Practice in Labour and Delivery. Best Practice in Labour and Delivery 40 59 .
Shashikant L Sholapurkar. (2016) Amendments in electronic fetal monitoring and intermittent auscultation. British Journal of Midwifery 24:9, pages 665-667.
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Inês Nunes & Diogo Ayres-de-Campos. (2016) Computer analysis of foetal monitoring signals. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 30, pages 68-78.
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Diogo Ayres‐de‐Campos, Catherine Y. Spong & Edwin Chandraharan. (2015) FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: Cardiotocography. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 131:1, pages 13-24.
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Malin Holzmann, Stina Wretler, Sven Cnattingius & Lennart Nordström. (2015) Cardiotocography patterns and risk of intrapartum fetal acidemia. Journal of Perinatal Medicine 43:4, pages 473-479.
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Steven L. Clark, Janet A. Meyers, Donna K. Frye, Thomas Garthwaite, Alan J. Lee & Jonathan B. Perlin. (2015) Recognition and response to electronic fetal heart rate patterns: impact on newborn outcomes and primary cesarean delivery rate in women undergoing induction of labor. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 212:4, pages 494.e1-494.e6.
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A Ugwumadu. (2015) Author's reply re: Are we (mis)guided by current guidelines on intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring? Case for a more physiological approach to interpretation. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 122:4, pages 589-589.
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Shashikant L. Sholapurkar. (2014) Algorithm for management of category II fetal heart rate tracings: a standardization of right sort?. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 210:2, pages 175.
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Shashikant L Sholapurkar. (2013) Are ‘early’ and ‘late’ fetal heart rate decelerations extinct? A survey of British midwives and analysis of controversies, facts and fiction. British Journal of Midwifery 21:12, pages 860-866.
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Steven L. Clark, Michael P. Nageotte, Thomas J. Garite, Roger K. Freeman, David A. Miller, Kathleen R. Simpson, Michael A. Belfort, Gary A. Dildy, Julian T. Parer, Richard L. Berkowitz, Mary D'Alton, Dwight J. Rouse, Larry C. Gilstrap, Anthony M. Vintzileos, J. Peter van Dorsten, Frank H. Boehm, Lisa A. Miller & Gary D.V. Hankins. (2013) Intrapartum management of category II fetal heart rate tracings: towards standardization of care. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 209:2, pages 89-97.
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Shashikant L. Sholapurkar. (2013) Interpretation of British experts’ illustrations of fetal heart rate (FHR) decelerations by Consultant Obstetricians, registrars and midwives: A prospective study—Reasons for major disagreement with experts and implications for clinical practice. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 03:06, pages 454-465.
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Alison G. Cahill, Kimberly A. Roehl, Anthony O. Odibo & George A. Macones. (2012) Association and prediction of neonatal acidemia. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 207:3, pages 206.e1-206.e8.
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