Bioactive profile and functional food applications of banana in food sectors and health: a review

Figures & data

Figure 1. Free radical scavengers’ activity of phenolic compounds.

Source: Rungratanawanich et al^[30].

Figure 2. Chemical structures of selected common carotenoids.

Source: Lopes et al^[37].

Table 1. Bioactive compounds in banana and their health benefits.

Bioactive compound		Health benefits	Reference
Biogenic amines	Dopamine	Increase the oxidative resistance of LDL Decrease plasma oxidative stress	^[Citation47]
	Serotonin	Involve in the feelings of happiness and well-being	^[Citation48]
Carotenoids	Trans-α carotene	Vitamin a precursor	^[Citation49]
	Trans-β carotene	Limit the cancer and CVD risk	^[Citation50]
Phenolic compounds	Gallic acid	Antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective aspects	^[Citation51]
	Tannic acid	Used as therapeutic agents for the treatment of burns	^[Citation52]
	Catechin	Increase fatty acid oxidation, Delay LDL to oxidation	^[Citation53]
	Quercetin	Improve cardiovascular disease risk through proper blood flow	^[Citation54]
	Ferulic acid, Cinnamic acid P-coumaric acid	Antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-allergic effects. Precursor of aspartame Minimize the gastric cancer risk.	^[Citation29,Citation55,Citation56]
Phytosterols	Β-sitosterol	Cholesterol reduction Reduce risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)	^[Citation57]
	Campesterol and stigmasterol	Decrease absorption of cholesterol in the intestine	^[Citation58]

Figure 3. Cell death mechanisms of saponins.

Source: Elekofehinti et al^[78].

Table 2. Application of banana based food products.

Banana Type	Part of banana used	Food product	Improvement	Reference
Musa acuminata	Fresh banana peel	Extract used in tea	Antioxidants and gallocatechin content enhance	^[Citation92,Citation93]
Williams Bananas	Dried pulp	Baked or fried products	Acclimatization of micropropagation	^[Citation94,Citation95]
Cavendish Bananas	Banana flour	Confectionaries	Dietary fibers and gluten free food	^[Citation86]
Gros Michel banana	Banana piece	Banana juice	Pectinase enzyme liquefaction	^[Citation96]
Red banana	Banana pulp	Smoothies	High bioactive compounds content and high anthocyanin content	^[Citation97]

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