1,595
Views
76
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

On the anticipation of the human dose in first-in-man trials from preclinical and prior clinical information in early drug development

, , , , &
Pages 1331-1354 | Received 27 Apr 2007, Accepted 03 Jul 2007, Published online: 22 Sep 2008

References

  • Antonin KH, Saano V, Bieck P, Hastewell J, Fox R, Lowe P, Mackay M. Colonic absorption of human calcitonin in man. Clinical Science 1992; 83: 627–631
  • Bhogal N, Combes R. TGN1412: Time to change the paradigm for the testing of new pharmaceuticals. Alternate Laboratory Animals 2006; 34(2)225–239
  • Bonate PL, Howard D. Critique of prospective allometric scaling: Does the emperor have clothes?. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2000; 40: 335–340
  • Boxenbaum H. Interspecies variation in liver weight, hepatic blood flow and antipyrine intrinsic clearance in extrapolation of data to benzodiazepines and phenytoin. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmacology 1980; 8(2)165–176
  • Boxenbaum H. Interspecies scaling, allometry, physiological time, and the ground plan of pharmacokinetics. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmacology 1982; 10(2)201–227
  • Bryl E, Vallejo AN, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Downregulation of CD28 expression by TNF-alpha. Journal of Immunology 2001; 167: 3231–3238
  • Buoen C, Bjerrum OJ, Thomsen MS. How first-time-in-human studies are being performed: A survey of phase I dose-escalation trials in healthy volunteers published between 1995 and 2004. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2005; 45(10)1123–1136
  • Cao X, Gibbs ST, Fang L, Miller HA, Landowski CP, Shin HC, Lennernas H, Zhong Y, Amidon GL, Yu LX, Sun D. Why is it challenging to predict intestinal drug absorption and oral bioavailability in human using rat model. Pharmacology Research 2006; 23(8)1675–1686
  • Danhof M, Alvan G, Dahl SG, Kuhlmann J, Paintaud G. Mechanism-based pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling — a new classification of biomarkers. Pharmacology Research 2005; 22(9)1432–1437
  • Dedrick RL. Animal scale-up. Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics, T Teorell, RL Dedrick, PG Cundliffe. Plenum, New York, NY 1974
  • Derendorf H, Meibohm B. Modeling of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PKPD) relationships: concepts and perspectives. Pharmacology Research 1999; 16(2)176–185
  • Expert Scientific Group. Expert Scientific Group on Phase One Clinical Trials Final Report 30 November 2006. HMSO, London 2006
  • Faessel HM, Smith BJ, Gibbs MA, Gobey JS, Clark DJ, Burstein AH. Single-dose pharmacokinetics of varenicline, a selective nicotinic receptor partial agonist, in healthy smokers and nonsmokers. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2006; 46: 991
  • Freireich EJ, Gehan EA, Rall DP, Schmidt LH, Skipper HE. Quantitative comparison of toxicity of anticancer agents in mouse, rat, hamster, dog, monkey, and man. Cancer Chemotherapy Reports 1966; 50: 219–244
  • Ghibellini G, Vasist LS, Leslie EM, Heizer WD, Kowalsky RJ, Calvo BF, Brouwer KLR. In vitro–in vivo correlation of hepatobiliary drug clearance in humans. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy 2007; 81(3)406–413
  • Hijazi Y, Welker H, Dorr AE, Tang JP, Blain R, Renzetti LM, Abbas R. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of R411, a dual alpha4beta1-alpha4beta7 integrin antagonist after oral administration at single and multiple once-daily ascending doses in healthy volunteers. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2004; 44(12)1368–1378
  • Holford NH, Sheiner LB. Kinetics of pharmacologic response. Pharmacology and Therapy 1982; 16(2)143–166
  • , ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline. General considerations for clinical trials, July 1997. Guidance for Industry No. E8. ICH (CPMP/ICH/291/95)
  • , ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline. Nonclinical safety studies for the conduct of human clinical trials for pharmaceuticals, Nov 2000. Guidance for Industry No. M3. ICH (CPMP/ICH/286/95)
  • , ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline. Preclinical safety evaluation of biotechnology-derived pharmaceuticals, July 1997. Guidance for Industry No. S6. ICH (CPMP/ICH/302/95)
  • Ito K, Houston JB. Prediction of human drug clearance from in vitro and preclinical data using physiologically based and empirical approaches. Pharmacology Research 2005; 22(1)103–112
  • Jones HM, Parrott N, Jorga K, Lavé T. A novel strategy for physiologically based predictions of human pharmacokinetics. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 2006; 45(5)511–542
  • Junghans RP. Finally! The Brambell receptor (FcRB). Mediator of transmission of immunity and protection from catabolism for IgG. Immunology Research 1997; 16: 29–57
  • Kawai R, Mathew D, Tanaka C, Rowland M. Physiologically based pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine A: extension to tissue distribution kinetics in rats and scale-up to human. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy 1998; 287: 457–468
  • Khor SP, Amyx H, Davis ST, Nelson D, Baccanari DP, Spector T. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase inactivation and 5-fluorouracil pharmacokinetics: allometric scaling of animal data, pharmacokinetics and toxicodynamics of 5-fluorouracil in humans. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 1996; 39(3)233–238
  • Lavé T, Coassolo P, Reigner B. Prediction of hepatic metabolic clearance based on interspecies allometric scaling techniques and in vitro–in vivo correlations. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 1999; 36(3)211–231
  • Lavé T, Dupin S, Schmitt C, Chou RC, Jaeck D, Coassolo P. Integration of in vitro data into allometric scaling to predict hepatic metabolic clearance in man: Application to 10 extensively metabolized drugs. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 1997; 86(5)584–590
  • Liedert B, Bassus S, Schneider CK, Kalinke U, Lower J. Safety of phase I clinical trials with monoclonal antibodies in Germany — the regulatory requirements viewed in the aftermath of the TGN1412 disaster. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy 2007; 45(1)1–9
  • Lin JH. Species similarities and differences in pharmacokinetics. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 1995; 23: 1008–1021
  • Lin JH, Chen IW, deLuna FA. Nonlinear kinetics of alendronate. Plasma protein binding and bone uptake. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 1994; 22(3)400–405
  • Lin JH, Yamazaki M. Role of P-glycoprotein in pharmacokinetics — clinical implication. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 2003; 42(1)59–98
  • Lobo ED, Hansen RJ, Balthasar JP. Antibody pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 2004; 93: 2645–2668
  • Lowe MC, Davis RD. The current toxicology protocol of the National Cancer Institute. Fundamentals of cancer chemotherapy, K Hellman, SK Carter. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY 1998; 228–235
  • Lowe PJ, Temple CS. Calcitonin and insulin in isobutylcyanoacrylate nanocapsules: Protection against proteases and effect on intestinal absorption in rats. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 1994; 46(7)547–552
  • Luttringer O, Theil FP, Poulin P, Schmitt-Hoffmann AH, Guentert TW, Lavé T. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of disposition of epiroprim in humans. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 2003; 92(10)1990–2007
  • Mager DE, Jusko W. General pharmacokinetic model for drugs exhibiting target-mediated drug disposition. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics 2001; 28: 507–532
  • Mahmood I. Integration of in vitro data and brain weight in allometric scaling to predict clearance in humans: some suggestions. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 1998a; 87(4)527–529
  • Mahmood I. Interspecies scaling of renally secreted drugs. Life Sciences 1998b; 63(26)2365–2371
  • Mahmood I. Interspecies scaling: Predicting oral clearance in humans. American Journal of Therapy 2002; 9(1)35–42
  • Mahmood I. Interspecies scaling of biliary excreted drugs: A comparison of several methods. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 2005; 94(4)883–892
  • Mahmood I, Balian JD. Interspecies scaling: Predicting clearance of drugs in humans. Three different approaches. Xenobiotica 1996; 26(9)887–895
  • Mahmood I, Balian JD. The pharmacokinetic principles behind scaling from preclinical results to phase I protocols. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 1999; 36(1)1–11
  • Mahmood I, Sahajwalla C. Interspecies scaling of biliary excreted drugs. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 2002; 91(8)1908–1914
  • Meno-Tetang GML, Lowe PJ. On the prediction of the human response: A recycled mechanistic PKPD approach. Basic Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology 2005; 96: 182–192
  • Nishimura T, Amano N, Kubo Y, Ono M, Kato Y, Fujita H, Kimura Y, Tsuji A. Asymmetric intestinal first-pass metabolism causes minimal oral bioavailability of midazolam in cynomolgus monkey. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 2007; 35(8)1275–1284
  • Obach RS, Baxter JG, Liston TE, Silber BM, Jones BC, MacIntyre F, Rance DJ, Wastall P. The prediction of human pharmacokinetic parameters from preclinical and in vitro metabolism data. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy 1997; 283(1)46–58
  • Parrott N, Jones H, Paquereau N, Lavé T. Application of full physiological models for pharmaceutical drug candidate selection and extrapolation of pharmacokinetics to man. Basic Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology 2005; 96(3)193–199
  • Parrott N, Lavé T. Prediction of intestinal absorption: Comparative assessment of GASTROPLUS and IDEA. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 2002; 17(1–2)51–61
  • Poulin P, Theil FP. Prediction of pharmacokinetics prior to in vivo studies. 1. Mechanism-based prediction of volume of distribution. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 2002a; 91(1)129–156
  • Poulin P, Theil FP. Prediction of pharmacokinetics prior to in vivo studies. II. Generic physiologically based pharmacokinetic models of drug disposition. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 2002b; 91(5)1358–1370
  • Reigner BG, Blesch KS. Estimating the starting dose for entry into humans: Principles and practice. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2002; 57: 835–845
  • Rodgers T, Rowland M. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling 2: Predicting the tissue distribution of acids, very weak bases, neutrals and zwitterions. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 2006; 95(6)1238–1257
  • Rostami-Hodjegan A, Tucker GT. Simulation and prediction of in vivo drug metabolism in human populations from in vitro data. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2007; 6(2)140–148
  • Sarangapani R, Teeguarden J, Andersen ME, Reitz RH, Plotzke KP. Route-specific differences in distribution characteristics of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane in rats: analysis using PBPK models. Toxicology Sciences 2003; 71(1)41–52
  • Schein PS, Davis RD, Carter S, Newman J, Schein DR, Rall DP. The evaluation of anticancer drugs in dogs and monkeys for the prediction of qualitative toxicities in man. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1970; 11: 3–40
  • Sharer JE, Shipley LA, Vandenbranden MR, Binkley SN, Wrighton SA. Comparisons of phase I and phase II in vitro hepatic enzyme activities of human, dog, rhesus monkey, and cynomolgus monkey. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 1995; 23(11)1231–1241
  • Shiran MR, Proctor NJ, Howgate EM, Rowland-Yeo K, Tucker GT, Rostami-Hodjegan A. Prediction of metabolic drug clearance in humans: In vitro–in vivo extrapolation vs allometric scaling. Xenobiotica 2006; 36(7)567–580
  • Spilker B. Dosing schedule. Guide to clinical trials, B. Spilker. Raven, New York, NY 1991; 93–101
  • Tang H, Mayersohn M. A mathematical description of the functionality of correction factors used in allometry for predicting human drug clearance. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 2005; 33(9)1294–1296
  • US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). A cross-species scaling factor for carcinogen risk assessment based on equivalence of mg kg–10.75 day−1. Federal Register 1992; 57: 24152–24173
  • US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA). Estimating the maximum safe starting dose in initial clinical trials for therapeutics in adult healthy volunteers. Guidance for Industry. USFDA, Washington, DC July, 2005
  • Willmann S, Lippert J, Schmitt W. From physicochemistry to absorption and distribution: predictive mechanistic modelling and computational tools. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism and Toxicology 2005; 1(1)159–168
  • Wishart DS. Bioinformatics in drug development and assessment. Drug Metabolism Reviews 2005; 37(2)279–310
  • Yang J, Jamei M, Yeo KR, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Tucker GT. Misuse of the well-stirred model of hepatic drug clearance. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 2007; 35(3)501–502
  • Zhang Y, Bachmeier C, Miller DW. In vitro and in vivo models for assessing drug efflux transporter activity. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2003; 55: 31–51

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.