975
Views
34
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Sucrose and Behavioral Problems

Pages 385-401 | Published online: 02 May 2008

REFERENCES

  • Aardoom , H. A. , Hirasing , R. A. , Rona , R. J. , Sanavro , F. L. , van den Heuvel , E. W. and Leeuwenburg , J. 1997 . Food intolerance (food hypersensitivity) and chronic complaints in children: The parents' perception . Eur. J. Pediatr. , 156 : 110 – 112 .
  • Alberti , K. G. M. , Dornhorst , A. and Rowe , A. S. 1975 . Metabolic rhythms in normal and diabetic man . Israel J. Med. Sci. , 11 : 571 – 580 .
  • Ashley , D. V. M. , Liardon , R. and Leathwood , P. D. 1985 . Breakfast meal composition influences plasma tryptophan to large neutral amino acid ratios of healthy lean young men . J. Neural Trans. , 63 : 271 – 283 .
  • Bachorowski , J. A. , Newman , J. P. , Gans , D. A. , Harper , A. E. , Nichols , S. L. and Taylor , S. L. 1994 . Effects of sucrose ingestion on juvenile offenders with low, borderline and normal nadir serum glucose values . Personal. Indi. Diff. , 6 : 833 – 843 .
  • Bachorowski , J. A. , Newman , J. P. , Nichols , S. L. , Gans , D. A. , Harper , A. E. and Taylor , S. L. 1990 . Sucrose and delinquency: Behavioral assessment . Pediatr. , 86 : 244 – 53 .
  • Behar , D. , Rappaport , J. L. , Adams , A. J. , Berg , C. J. and Cornblath , M. 1984 . Sugar challenge testing with children considered behaviorally sugar reactive . Nutr. Behav. , 1 : 277 – 288 .
  • Benton , D. 1992 . Vitamin-mineral supplements and intelligence . Proc. Nutr. Soc. , 51 : 295 – 302 .
  • Benton , D. 2001 . Micro-nutrient supplementation and the intelligence of children . Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. , 25 : 297 – 309 .
  • Benton , D. 2002 . Carbohydrate ingestion blood glucose and mood . Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. , 26 : 293 – 308 .
  • Benton , D. 2005 . Can artificial sweeteners help control body weight and prevent obesity? . Nutr. Res. Rev. , 18 : 63 – 7 .
  • Benton , D. 2007 . The impact of diet on anti-social, violent and criminal behavior . Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. , 31 : 752 – 774 .
  • Benton , D. , Brett , V. and Brain , P. F. 1987 . Glucose improves attention and reaction to frustration in children . Biol. Psychol. , 24 : 95 – 100 .
  • Benton , D. and Cook , R. 1991 . Vitamin and mineral supplements improve the intelligence scores and concentration of six year children . Personal. Indi. Diff. , 12 : 1151 – 1158 .
  • Benton , D. and Donohoe , R. T. 1999 . The effects of nutrients on mood . Public Health Nutr. , 2 : 403 – 409 .
  • Benton , D. , Griffiths , R. and Haller , J. 1997 . Thiamine supplementation mood and cognitive functioning . Psychopharmacol. , 129 : 66 – 71 .
  • Benton , D. , Kumari , N. and Brain , P. F. 1982 . Mild Hypoglycaemia and questionnaire measures of aggression . Biol. Psychol. , 14 : 129 – 135 .
  • Benton , D. and Owens , D. 1993 . Is raised blood glucose associated with the relief of tension? . J. Psychosom. Res. , 37 : 1 – 13 .
  • Bolton , R. 1973 . Aggression and hypoglycaemia among the Quolla: A study in psycho-biological anthropology . Ethology , 12 : 227 – 257 .
  • Bolton , R. 1979 . Hostility in fantasy: A further test of the hypoglycaemia-aggression hypothesis . Aggress. Behav. , 2 : 257 – 274 .
  • Bolton-Smith , C. and Woodward , M. 1994 . Dietary composition and fat to sugar ratios in relation to obesity . Int. J. Obes. Rel. Metabol. Dis. , 18 : 820 – 828 .
  • Boris , M. and Mandel , F. S. 1994 . Foods and additives are common causes of the attention deficit hyperactive disorder in children . Ann. Allergy , 72 : 462 – 468 .
  • Bowman , S. A. 1999 . Diets of individuals based on energy intakes from added sugars . Family Econ. Nutr. Rev. , 12 : 31 – 38 .
  • Burgess , E. A. , Levin , B. , Mahalanabis , D. and Tonge , R. E. 1964 . Hereditary sucrose intolerance: Levels of sucrase activity in jejunal mucosa . Arch. Dis. Child. , 39 : 431 – 43 .
  • Carter , C. M. , Urbanowicz , M. , Hemsley , R. , Mantilla , L. , Strobel , S. , Graham , P. J. and Taylor , E. 1993 . Effects of a few food diet in attention deficit disorder . Arch. Dis. Child. , 69 : 564 – 568 .
  • Chandra , R. K. 1997 . Food hypersensitivity and allergic disease: A selective review . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 66 : 526S – 529S .
  • Castellanos , F. X. and Rapoport , J. L. 2002 . Effects of caffeine on development and behavior in infancy and childhood: A review of the published literature . Food Chem. Toxicol. , 40 : 1235 – 1242 .
  • Cohen , J. 1988 . Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, , 2nd ed. , New Jersey : Lawrence Erlbaum .
  • de Castro , J. M. 1987 . Macronutrient relationships with meal patterns and mood in spontaneous feeding behavior of humans . Physiol. Behav. , 39 : 561 – 569 .
  • Deijen , J. B. , Heemstra , M. L. and Orlebeke , J. F. 1989 . Dietary effects on mood and performance . J. Psychiat. Res. , 23 : 275 – 283 .
  • Deijen , J. B. , van der Beek , E. J. , Orlebeke , I. F. and van den Berg , H. 1992 . Vitamin B6 supplementation in elderly men: Effects on mood memory performance and mental effort . Psychopharmacol. , 109 : 489 – 496 .
  • Department of Health . 1989 . Dietary sugars and human disease. Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy , London : Her Majesty's Stationery Office .
  • Donohoe , R. T. and Bentons , D . 1999 . Blood glucose control and aggressiveness in females . Personal. Indi. Diff. , 26 : 905 – 911 .
  • Duffy , W. 1975 . Sugar Blues , Radnor, PA : Chilton .
  • Egger , J. , Carter , C. M. , Graham , P. J. , Gumley , D. and Soothill , J. F. 1985 . Controlled trial of oligoantigenic treatment in the hyperkinetic syndrome . Lancet , 1 : 540 – 545 .
  • Egger , J. , Carter , C. H. , Soothill , J. F. and Wilson , J. 1992 . Effect of diet treatment on enuresis in children with migraine or hyperkinetic behavior . Clin. Pediatr. , 31 : 320 – 307 .
  • Egger , J. , Carter , C. M. , Wilson , J. , Turner , M. W. and Soothill , J. F. 1983 . Is migraine food allergy? A double-blind controlled trial of oligoantigenic diet treatment . Lancet , 2 : 865 – 869 .
  • Elkins , R. N. , Rapoport , J. L. , Zahn , T. P. , Buchsbaum , M. S. , Weingartner , H. , Kopin , I. J. , Langer , D. and Johnson , C. 1981 . Acute effects of caffeine in normal prepubertal boys . Am. J. Psychiat. , 138 : 178 – 183 .
  • FAO/WHO . 2003 . Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases , Geneva : World Health Organization . (WHO Technical Report Series 916)
  • Farris , R. P. , Hyg , M. S. , Nicklas , T. A. , Myers , L. and Berenson , G. S. 1998 . Nutrient intake and food group consumption of 10-years olds by sugar intake level: The Bogalusa Heart Study . J. Am. Coll. Nutr. , 17 : 579 – 585 .
  • Ferguson , H. B. , Stoddart , C. and Simeon , J. G. 1986 . Double-blind challenge studies of behavioral and cognitive effects of sucrose-aspartame ingestion in normal children . Nutr. Rev. , : 144 – 150 . 44 Suppl
  • Fernstrom , J. D. and Wurtman , R. J. 1972 . Brain serotonin content: Physiological regulation by plasma neutral amino acids . Science , 178 : 414 – 441 .
  • Fishbein , D. H. 1982 . The contribution of refined carbohydrate consumption to maladaptive behavior . J. Orthomol. Psychiatr. , 11 : 17 – 25 .
  • Fishbein , D. H. and Pease , S. E. 1994 . Diet, nutrition and aggression . J. Offender Rehab. , 21 : 117 – 144 .
  • Food and Nutrition Board . 2005 . Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients) , Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press .
  • Foster-Powell , K. , Holt , S. H. and Brand-Miller , J. C. 2002 . International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 76 : 5 – 56 .
  • Forshee , R. A. and Storey , M. L. 2001 . The role of added sugars in the diet quality of children and adolescents . J. Am. Coll. Nutr. , 20 : 32 – 43 .
  • Fredericks , C. and Goodman , H. 1974 . Low Blood Sugar and You , New York : Constellation International .
  • Gans , D. A. , Harper , A. E. , Bachorowski , J. A. , Newman , J. P. , Shrago , E. S. and Taylor , S. L. 1990 . Sucrose and delinquency: Oral sucrose tolerance test and nutritional assessment . Pediatr. , 86 : 254 – 262 .
  • Genuth , S. M. 1973 . Plasma insulin and glucose profiles in normal, obese, and diabetic persons . Ann. Int. Med. , 79 : 812 – 822 .
  • Gesch , C. B. , Hammond , S. M. , Hampson , S. E. , Eves , A. and Crowder , M. J. 2002 . Influence of supplementary vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids on the antisocial behavior of young prisoners. Randomised, placebo-controlled trial . Brit. J. Psychiatr. , 181 : 22 – 28 .
  • Gibney , M. , Sigman-Grant , M. , Stanton , J. L. Jr. and Keast , D. R. 1995 . Consumption of sugars . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 62 ( 1 Suppl ) : 78S – 193S .
  • Gray , G. E. 1986 . Diet, crime and delinquency: A critique . Nutr. Rev. , 44 : 89 – 94 .
  • Hansen , Aa. P. and Johansen , K. 1970 . Diurnal patterns of blood glucose, serum free acids, insulin, glucagon and growth hormone in normals and juvenile diabetics . Diabetologia , 6 : 27 – 33 .
  • Harris , S. 1924 . Hyperinsulinism and dysinsulinism . J. Am. Med. Assoc. , 83 : 729
  • Hill , J. O. and Prentice , A. M. 1995 . Sugar and body weight regulation . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 62 : 264S – 273S .
  • Hogan , M. J. , Service , F. J. , Sharbrough , F. W. and Genich , J. E. 1983 . Oral glucose tolerance test compare with a mixed meal in the diagnosis of reactive hypoglycaemia . Mayo Clin. Proc. , 58 : 491 – 496 .
  • Huesmann , L. R. and Taylor , L. D. 2006 . The role of media violence in violent behavior . Ann. Rev. Public Health , 27 : 393 – 415 .
  • Kant , A. K. 2000 . Consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods by adult Americans: Nutritional and health implications. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 72 : 929 – 36 .
  • Kaplan , B. J. , McNicol , J. , Conte , R. A. and Moghadam , H. K. 1989 . Dietary replacement in preschool-aged hyperactive boys . Pediatrics , 83 : 7 – 17 .
  • Keith , R. E. , O'Keefe , K. A. , Blessing , D. L. and Wilson , D. G. 1991 . Alternations in dietary carbohydrate, protein and fat intake and mood state in trained females cyclists . Med. Sci. Sports Exer. , 23 : 212 – 216 .
  • Kranz , S. , Smiciklas-Wright , H. , Siega-Riz , A. M. and Mitchell , D. 2005 . Adverse effect if high added sugar consumption on dietary intake in American preschoolers . J. Pediatr. , 146 : 105 – 111 .
  • Kruesi , M. J. , Rapoport , J. L. , Cummings , E. M. , Berg , C. J. , Ismond , D. R. , Flament , M. , Yarrow , M. and Zahn-Waxler , C. 1987 . Effects of sugar and aspartame on aggression and activity in children . Am. J. Psychiatr. , 144 : 1487 – 1490 .
  • Lien , L. , Lien , N. , Heyerdahl , S. , Thoresen , M. and Bjertness , E. 2006 . Consumption of soft drinks and hyperactivity, mental distress and conduct problems among adolescents in Oslo, Norway . Am. J. Pub. Health , 96 : 1815 – 1820 .
  • Lev-Ran , A. and Anderson , R. W. 1981 . The diagnosis of postprandial hypoglycaemia . Diabetes , 30 : 996 – 999 .
  • Lewis , C. J. , Park , Y. K. , Dexter , P. B. and Yetley , E. A. 1992 . Nutrient intakes and body weights of persons consuming high and moderate levels of added sugars . J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , 92 : 708 – 713 .
  • Linnoila , V. M. and Virkkunen , M. 1992 . Aggression, suicidality and serotonin . J. Clin. Psychiatr. , : 46 – 51 . 53 Suppl
  • Loriaux , S. M. , Deijen , J. B. , Orlebeke , J. F. and de Swart , J. R. 1985 . The effects of nicotinic acid and xanthinol nicotinate on human memory in different categories of age . Psychopharmacol. , 87 : 390 – 395 .
  • May , J. 1965 . Sucrose intolerance: An enzymatic defect . Nutr. Rev. , 23 : 101 – 102 .
  • Milich , R. and Pelham , W. E. 1986 . Effects of sugar ingestion on the classroom and playground behavior of attention deficit disordered boys . J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. , 54 : 714 – 718 .
  • Pease , S. E. and Love , C. T. 1986 . Optimal method and issues in nutrition research in the correctional setting . Nutr. Rev. , 44 : 122 – 132 .
  • Pelto , P. 1967 . “ Psychological anthropology ” . In Biennial Review of Anthropology , Edited by: Beals , A. and Stegel , B. 151 – 155 . Stanford California : Stanford University Press .
  • Prinz , R. J. , Roberts , W. A. and Hantman , E. 1980 . Dietary correlates of hyperactive behavior in children . J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. , 48 : 760 – 769 .
  • Rapoport , J. L. , Jensvold , M. , Elkins , R. , Buchsbaum , M. S. , Weingartner , H. , Ludlow , C. , Zahn , T. P. , Berg , C. J. and Neims , A. H. 1981 . Behavioral and cognitive effects of caffeine in boys and adult males . J. Nerv. Mental Dis. , 169 : 726 – 732 .
  • Rodale , J. I. 1968 . Natural Health, Sugar and the Criminal Mind , New York : Pyramid Books .
  • Rona , R. J. and Chinn , S. 1987 . Parents' perceptions of food intolerance in primary school children . Brit. Med. J. , 294 : 863 – 866 .
  • Rosen , L. A. , Booth , S. R. , Bender , M. E. , McGrath , M. L. , Sorrell , S. and Drabman , R. S. 1988 . Effects of sugar (sucrose) on children's behavior . J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. , 56 : 583 – 589 .
  • Saris , W. H. M. , Astrup , A. , Prentice , A. M. , Zunft , H. J. , Formiguera , X. , Verboeket-van de Venne , W. P. , Raben , A. , Poppitt , S. D. , Seppelt , B. , Johnston , S. , Vasilaras , T. H. and Keogh , G. F. 2000 . Randomized controlled trial of changes in dietary carbohydrate/fat ratio and simple vs complex carbohydrates on body weight and blood lipids . Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metabol. Dis. , 24 : 1310 – 1318 .
  • Saravis , S. , Schachar , R. , Zlotkin , S. , Leiter , L. A. and Anderson , G. H. 1990 . Aspartame: Effects on learning, behavior, and mood . Pediatrics , 86 : 75 – 83 .
  • Schab , D. W. and Trinh , N. H. 2004 . Do artificial food colors promote hyperactivity in children with hyperactive syndromes? A meta-analysis of double-blind placebo-controlled trials . J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. , 25 : 423 – 34 .
  • Schmidt , M. H. , Mocks , P. , Lay , B. , Eisert , H. G. , Fojkar , R. , Fritz-Sigmund , D. , Marcus , A. and Musaeus , B. 1997 . Does oligoantigenic diet influence hyperactive/conduct-disordered children – a controlled trial . Eur. Child Adol. Psychiatr. , 6 : 88 – 95 .
  • Schoenthaler , S. J. 1982 . The effect of sugar on the treatment and control of antisocial behavior: A double-blind study of an incarcerated juvenile population . Int. J. Biosoc. Res. , 3 : 1 – 9 .
  • Schoenthaler , S. J. 1983a . The Alabama diet-behavior program: An empirical evaluation at the Coosa Valley regional detention center . Int. J. Biosoc. Res. , 5 : 79 – 87 .
  • Schoenthaler , S. J. 1983b . The Los Angeles probation department diet-behavior program: An empirical analysis of six institutional settings . Int. J. Biosoc. Res. , 5 : 88 – 98 .
  • Schoenthaler , S. J. 1983c . The northern California diet-behavior program: An empirical examination of 3,000 incarcerated juveniles in Stanislaus County juvenile hall . Int. J. Biosoc. Res. , 5 : 99 – 106 .
  • Schoenthaler , S. J. 1986 . Diet and delinquency: Empirical testing of seven theories . Int. J. Biosoc. Res. , 7 : 108 – 131 .
  • Schoenthaler , S. J. 1987 . Diet and criminal behavior: A criminological evaluation of the Arlington, Virginia Proceedings . Int. J. Biosoc. Res. , 9 : 161 – 181 .
  • Schoenthaler , S. J. , Amos , S. , Doraz , W. , Kelly , M. A. , Muedeking , G. and Wakefield , J. 1997 . The effect of randomized vitamin-mineral supplementation on violent and non-violent anti-social behavior among incarcerated juveniles . J. Nutr. Environ. Med. , 7 : 343 – 352 .
  • Schoenthaler , S. J. and Bier , I. D. 2000 . The effect of vitamin-mineral supplementation on juvenile delinquency among American schoolchildren: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial . J. Altern. Compl. Med. , 6 : 7 – 17 .
  • Schweiger , U. , Laessle , R. and Pirke , K. 1987 . Macro-nutrient intake and mood during weight-reducing diets . Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. , 499 : 335 – 337 .
  • Simpson , E. J. , Holdsworth , M. and Macdonald , I. A. 2006b . Ambulatory blood glucose measurement, dietary composition and physical activity levels in otherwise healthy women reporting symptoms that they attribute to hypoglycaemia . Br. J. Nutr. , 95 : 1127 – 1133 .
  • Simpson , E. J. , Holdsworth , M. and Macdonald , I. A. 2006a . Prevalence of self-reported symptoms attributed to hypoglycaemia within a general female population of the UK . J. Psychosom. Res. , 60 : 403 – 406 .
  • Smidt , L. J. , Cremin , F. M. , Grivetti , L. E. and Clifford , A. J. 1991 . Influence of thiamine supplementation on the health and general well-being of an elderly Irish population with marginal thiamin deficiency . J. Gerontol. , 46 : M16 – M22 .
  • 1973 . Statement of the Ad Hoc Committee on Hypoglycaemia . Ann. Intern. Med. , 78 : 301
  • Steincrohn , P. J. 1973 . Low Blood Sugar—What It Is and How to Cure It , New York : Signet .
  • Teff , K. L. , Young , S. N. and Blundell , J. E. 1989 . The effect of protein or carbohydrate breakfasts on subsequent plasma amino acid levels, satiety and nutrient selection in normal males . Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. , 34 : 829 – 837 .
  • Vereecken , C. A. , Inchley , J. , Subramanian , S. V. , Hublet , A. and Maes , L. 2005 . The relative influence of individual and contextual socio-economic status on consumption of fruit and soft drinks among adolescents in Europe . Eur. J. Pub. Health , 15 : 224 – 232 .
  • Virkkunen , M. 1982 . Reactive hypoglycemic tendency among habitually violent offenders . Neuropsychobiol. , 8 : 35 – 40 .
  • Virkkunen , M. 1983 . Insulin secretion during the glucose tolerance test in antisocial personality . Brit. J. Psychiat. , 142 : 598 – 604 .
  • Virkkunen , M. 1984 . Reactive hypoglycemic tendency among arsonists . Acta Psychiatr. Scand. , 69 : 445 – 452 .
  • Virkkunen , M. 1986 . Insulin secretion during the glucose tolerance test among habitually violent and impulsive offenders . Aggress. Behav. , 12 : 303 – 310 .
  • Virkkunen , M. , De Jong , J. , Bartko , J. , Goodwin , F. K. and Linnoila , M. 1989 . Relationship of psychobiological variables to recidivism in violent offenders and impulsive fire setters. A follow-up study . Arch. Gen. Psychiatr. , 46 : 600 – 603 .
  • Virkkunen , M. , Goldman , D. , Nielsen , D. A. and Linnoila , M. 1995 . Low brain serotonin turnover rate (low CSF 5-HIAA) and impulsive violence . J. Psychiatr. Neurosci. , 20 : 271 – 275 .
  • Wender , E. H. and Solanto , M. V. 1991 . Effects of sugar on aggressive and inattentive behavior in children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity and normal children . Pediatr. , 88 : 960 – 966 .
  • Wolraich , M. L. , Stumbo , P. , Milich , R. , Chenard , C. and Schultz , F. 1986 . Dietary characteristics of hyperactive and control boys and their behavioral correlates . J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , 86 : 500 – 504 .
  • Wolraich , M. , Milich , R. , Stumbo , P. and Schultz , F. 1985 . Effects of sucrose ingestion on the behavior of hyperactive boys . J. Pediatr. , 106 : 675 – 682 .
  • Wolraich , M. L. , Lindgren , S. D. , Stumbo , P. J. , Stegink , L. D. , Appelbaum , M. I. and Kiritsy , M. C. 1994 . Effects of diets high in sucrose or aspartame on the behavior and cognitive performance of children . New Eng. J. Med. , 330 : 301 – 307 .
  • Wolraich , M. L. , Wilson , D. B. and White , J. W. 1995 . The effect of sugar on behavior or cognition in children. A meta-analysis . J. Am. Med. Assoc. , 274 : 1617 – 1621 .
  • Wurtman , R. J. and Wurtman , J. J. 1995 . Brain serotonin, carbohydrate-carving obesity and depression . Obesity Res. , 3 : 477S – 480S .
  • Zeiger , R. S. 2000 . Dietary aspects of food allergy prevention in infants and children . J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. , 30 ( Suppl ) : S77 – 86 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.